Clean Air Handbook

by Brownell et al, William F.,

• ISBN13: 9780865876163
• ISBN10: 0865876169
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1998-02-01
• Publisher: Government Institutes

Summary

The third edition of the popular Clean Air Handbook provides readers with a broad overview of all the complex regulatory requirements of the Act and its amendments, including the most recent developments. Chapters cover such topics as the federal-state partnership, control technology regulation, operating and preconstruction permitting programs, acid deposition control program, regulation of mobile sources of air pollution, and more.

Table of Contents

Preface	x
About the Authors	xii
Federal-State Partnership: An Overview of the Clean Air Act Through the 1980s	1	(15)
The Air Quality Act of 1967	1	(2)
The 1970 Clean Air Act	3	(1)
The 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments	4	(2)
Efforts to Implement the Clean Air Act Through the 1980s	6	(7)
The NAAQS/SIP Program	7	(2)
New Source Control Programs	9	(2)
Specific Pollution Problems	11	(2)
New Directions for the 1990s	13	(3)
The 1990 Amendments: An Ascendant Federal Partner	16	(11)
Title I -- The Nonattainment Program	17	(2)
Sips	17	(1)
Specific Nonattainment Pollutants	18	(1)
Title II -- Mobile Sources, Fuels, and Fuel Additives	19	(1)
Title III -- Air Toxics	20	(2)
Pollutants and Sources Subject to Regulation	20	(1)
Maximum Achievable Control Technology Emission Limitations	21	(1)
Residual Risks	21	(1)
Control of Accidental Releases	21	(1)
Title IV -- Acid Rain	22	(1)
Title V -- The Operating Permit Program	23	(1)
What Does the Future Hold?	24	(3)
Implementation of National Ambient Air Quality Standards and the Nonattainment Program	27	(62)
The State Implementation Plan Program - An Overview	30	(10)
Substantive Requirements for SIPs	30	(7)
Procedural Requirements for SIPs	37	(3)
Technical Assistance for Small Business Sources	40	(1)
The Nonattainment Program of the 1990 Amendments	40	(45)
Area Designations	43	(2)
Ozone Nonattainment Areas (Subpart 2 of Part D)	45	(28)
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Nonattainment Areas (Subpart 3 of Part D)	73	(5)
PM-10 Nonattainment Areas (Subpart 4 of Part D)	78	(3)
SOx, NO2, and Lead Nonattainment Areas (Subpart 5 of Part D)	81	(1)
Multi-State Nonattainment Areas	82	(1)
Conformity Requirements	83	(1)
Economic Incentive Programs	83	(1)
Voluntary Mobile Source Programs	84	(1)
New Air Quality Standards for Ozone and Particulates	85	(4)
EPA's Preliminary Implementation Plan for the Ozone Standard	86	(2)
EPA's Preliminary Implementation Plan for the PM-2.5 Standard	88	(1)
Control Technology Regulation	89	(37)
Control Technology Requirements for New Sources	90	(8)
New Source Performance Standards	90	(2)
New Source Permits and Control Technology Review	92	(6)
Control Technology Regulation of Existing Sources Through the ``Reconstruction'' and ``Modification'' Rules	98	(24)
The Reconstruction Rule	98	(2)
The Modification Rule	100	(7)
Clarification of the Modification rules in the WEPCo Rulemaking	107	(12)
Proposed Changes to the Modification Rules	119	(1)
Changes to the Reconstruction and Modification Rules Made by the 1990 Amendments	120	(2)
Control Technology Requirements for Existing Sources	122	(4)
``Reasonably Available Control Technology'' in Nonattainment Areas	122	(1)
``Best Available Retrofit Technology'' Near National Parks	123	(1)
``Maximum Achievable Control Technology'' for Air Toxics	124	(1)
Existing Source Performance Standards	124	(2)
Operating and Preconstruction Permitting Programs	126	(41)
The Operating Permit Program	127	(16)
Applicability	129	(2)
Development of State Permit Programs	131	(1)
Permit Applications	131	(3)
Permit Issuance	134	(1)
Public, EPA, and Affected State Participation in the Permit Process	135	(2)
Protections Afforded by an Operating Permit: The Permit Shield	137	(1)
Renewal, Reopening and Revision of the Title V Operating Permit	138	(3)
Achieving Operational Flexibility	141	(1)
Permit Fees	142	(1)
Other Operating Permit Requirements	143	(3)
Compliance Assurance Monitoring (CAM) Program	143	(1)
Permit Requirements of the Acid Rain Program	144	(1)
Permit Requirements of the Air Toxics Program	144	(2)
State Operating Permit Programs	146	(1)
Federal/State Preconstruction Permits	146	(21)
The PSD Program	147	(13)
The Nonattainment Program	160	(4)
Resource Materials for Permit Applicants	164	(2)
Combined Title V/Preconstruction Permit Programs	166	(1)
The Acid Deposition Control Program	167	(18)
SO2 Emission Requirements	167	(10)
The Allocation and Trading System	168	(3)
Phase I SO2 Requirements	171	(4)
Phase II Requirements	175	(2)
NOx Emission Requirements	177	(4)
Presumptive NOx Emission Limits	178	(1)
Alternative NOx Emission Limits	179	(2)
Opt-Ins and Industrial Sources	181	(1)
Opt-Ins	181	(1)
Industrial Sources	181	(1)
Permits, Compliance Plans, and Enforcement	182	(3)
Title IV Permits	182	(1)
Excess Emissions Penalty	183	(1)
Monitoring, Reporting, and Recordkeeping Requirements	183	(2)
Hazardous Air Pollutants	185	(36)
Listed Air Toxics	185	(2)
Additions/Deletions by EPA	186	(1)
Petitions to Modify	186	(1)
Sources Covered	187	(6)
Major Sources	188	(1)
Area Sources	189	(1)
Specific Sources	190	(2)
Deleting Sources from the List of Source Categories	192	(1)
Standards For Regulation of Air Toxics	193	(12)
Control Technology-Based Standards	193	(6)
Work Practice Standards	199	(1)
Risk-Based Standards	199	(2)
General Provisions	201	(3)
Exemptions	204	(1)
Effect on Existing Standards	205	(1)
Implementation of The Air Toxics Program	205	(2)
Title V Permits	205	(1)
State Air Toxics Programs	206	(1)
Accidental Release Prevention	207	(10)
Substances Covered	208	(1)
The General Duty Clause	209	(1)
Accidental Release Regulations	210	(5)
Imminent and Substantial Endangerment	215	(1)
Chemical Process Safety Management	216	(1)
Chemical Safety Hazard Investigation Board (CSHIB)	216	(1)
Study Provisions	217	(4)
The Mercury Studies	217	(1)
The Great Waters Study	218	(1)
Hydrofluoric Acid	219	(1)
Risk Assessment and Management Commission	219	(2)
Regulation of Mobile Sources of Air Pollution	221	(16)
Mobile Source Emission Standards	222	(5)
Certification	224	(2)
Production-Line Controls	226	(1)
In-Use Testing and Recall	226	(1)
The Regulation of Fuels	227	(6)
The RFG Program	229	(2)
The Registration Health Testing Program	231	(2)
Hot Topics Under Title II	233	(4)
Hot Topics in Mobile Source Emission Control	233	(1)
Hot Topics in Fuel Regulation	234	(3)
Stratospheric Ozone Protection	237	(13)
Listing and Phaseout of Ozone-Depleting Substances	238	(3)
Listing	238	(1)
Phaseout	239	(1)
Accelerated Schedule	239	(2)
Nonessential Product Ban	241	(2)
Production and Consumption Allowance Program	243	(1)
Allocation of Allowances	243	(1)
Allowance Transfer Program	244	(1)
Recycling Programs	244	(3)
National Recycling and Emission Reduction Program	244	(2)
Servicing Motor Vehicle Air Conditioners	246	(1)
Labeling	247	(1)
Safe Alternatives Policy	248	(2)
Enforcement And Judicial Review	250	(25)
The Administrative Penalty Scheme	252	(3)
Administrative Penalties and Procedures	253	(1)
Field Citation Program	254	(1)
Appeals of Administrative Penalties	255	(1)
Failure to Pay a Fine	255	(1)
Civil Enforcement	255	(5)
Civil Penalty Actions	256	(1)
Inspections, Monitoring and Entry	256	(1)
Penalty Assessment Criteria	257	(1)
Other Civil Enforcement Provisions	258	(2)
Supplemental Environmental Projects Policy	260	(1)
Criminal Enforcement	260	(7)
Prohibited Conduct and Statutory Penalties	261	(2)
Fines Under 18 U S. C. § 3571 and the Federal Sentencing Guidelines	263	(4)
Enforcement And The ``Credible Evidence'' Rule Revisions	267	(2)
Compliance Audits	269	(2)
Citizen Enforcement Authority	271	(2)
Citizen Suits	271	(1)
Public Involvement in Settlements	272	(1)
Bounty System	273	(1)
Judicial Review of Final Agency Action	273	(2)
Trends in Clean Air Act Regulation And Legislation	275	(1)
EPA's Regulatory Agenda	275	(1)
Regulatory Uncertainty And Industry Compliance	276	(2)
Implications of EPA Delay For The Administrative Process	278	(1)
Clean Air Act Legislation	279
APPENDICES
Appendix 1 List of Acronyms (Appendix 1- page 1)
Appendix 2. Source Categories Subject To CAA Programs
A. NSPS Source Categories (Appendix 2 - page 1)
B. PSD Categories (Appendix 2 - page 4)
C. Section 112 Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) Standards (Appendix 2 - page 6)
Appendix 3 Pollutants Subject To CAA Programs
A. NAAQS Criteria Pollutants (Appendix 3 - page 1)
B. NSPS Pollutants (Appendix 3 - page 1)
C. PSD Pollutants and Significance Levels (Appendix 3 - page 1)
D. Nonattainment Pollutants and Significance Levels (Appendix 3 - page 2)
E. Section 112 Hazardous Air Pollutants (Appendix 3 - page 2)
F. Accidental Release Prevention: Substances and Threshold Quantities (40 C.F. R. Part 68) (Appendix 3 - page 7)
Appendix 4. Clean Air Act Implementation: EPA's Regulatory Agenda (Appendix 4 - page 1)