Client-Centered Evaluation New Models for Helping Professionals

by Bloom, Martin; Britner, Preston A.

• ISBN13: 9780205832583
• ISBN10: 020583258X
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2019-08-08
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

This#xA0;highly accessible evaluation text encourages students#xA0;to evaluate their practice from multiple points of view, without the use of statistics. #xA0; It encourages#xA0;the client's#xA0;active participation in evaluation by asking: "Are these the results you wanted in resolving your concern?" and builds on single-case design.#xA0; #xA0;

Author Biography

Martin Bloom has been developing ideas about, and methods for, single-system designs for many years.   He has a Ph.D. in social psychology (University of Michigan) and a Certificate in Social Study [social work] (University of Edinburgh, Scotland), and has taught in several schools of social work in the United States, and lectured abroad on evaluation and primary prevention in Switzerland, Norway, Sweden, and England.   He has retired recently, only to continue research and writing in evaluation and primary prevention, while also becoming an exhibiting artist.  He is married (for 52 years) and has two sons and three grandchildren.

 

Preston A. Britner is an Associate Professor of Human Development & Family Studies at the University of Connecticut, and he holds joint appointments in Educational Psychology and the Ph.D. program in Public Health. He earned his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Virginia.  Prof. Britner is Co-Chair of UConn’s Public Engagement Forum, which coordinates the University’s service, outreach, and engagement efforts.  He is a Teaching Fellow, the highest teaching distinction at UConn.  He is Editor Emeritus for The Journal of Primary Prevention and serves on a variety of editorial boards and university, state, and national boards and committees.  He has published in the areas of child-parent relationships, mentoring, child maltreatment prevention, and social policy affecting families.  Prof. Britner is currently serving on the American Psychological Association’s Committee on Children, Youth, and Families and is a Fellow of APA.  He is married (for fewer than 52 years) and has a daughter and two sons. 

Table of Contents

PART 1: OVERVIEW OF CLIENT-CENTERED EVALUATION OF PRACTICE (C-CEP) AND SINGLE-SYSTEM DESIGN (SSD)

 

Chapter 1: Introduction of Client-Centered Evaluation of Practice

A New Approach to Evaluating Practice

Case Study: Phillip, an obese 10-year-old boy with diabetes who just wants “to be like the other guys in my class”

Eight Steps in Evaluating Practice

Identify the client who defines the goals in the case

Select intermediary objectives and their specific targets

Identify evidence-based general practice from the literature and evaluation-informed specific practice from working with the client

Collect data in an on-going basis and plot data on graphs

Construct clear benchmarks to know when the results are (or are not) successful

Engage the client in determining if the client’s goals have been attained during intervention

Introduce a maintenance phase in which the client is in complete control of  the intervention on his/her own

Analyze patterns of data to coordinate with the client’s statements

Chapter Summary

 

Chapter 2: Conceptualization: Naming What We See in the Client Situation

A Case Study as Introduction to Conceptualization: Ben and Kat (for Katherine) Washington

Goals: Described in terms of concepts, propositions, and theories

Objectives and Targets: The aims of our plans of action

Empirical Evidence as Bases of Plans of Action

Definitions, Operational and Conceptual: Agreeing on the terms of the plan of action

Chapter Summary

 

PART II: MEASUREMENT: ATTACHING NUMBERS TO WAHT WE SEE IN THE CLIENT SITUATION 

  

Chapter 3: The Issues: Measurement Theory; Validity; Reliability; Error Messages; Sustainability

                       

Measurement Theory: Connecting concepts to the client’s reality

Validity

Face validity

Content validity

Criterion validity

Construct validity

Client validity

Reliability

Interobserver reliability

Test-retest reliability

Alternate-forms reliability

Internal consistency

Error Messages in Measurement

Time and Sustainability

Chapter Summary

 

Chapter 4: Graphing: The Basics; Exceptions to the Rules

Case Study: Rick Alverez and his “walking support group”

Graphing Basics: The Rules

Graphing Exceptions to the Rule

Using Graphs to Monitor Data and Interpret Outcomes

Chapter Summary                    

 

Chapter 5: Information Retrieval:  Finding General Evidence-Based Practice Information

Case Study: Finding information on self-efficacy for Rick Alverez

Evidence-based General Practice and Information-informed Specific Practice

Chapter Summary

 

Chapter 6: Individualized Rating Scales (IRS) and Structured Logs

Introduction to Individualized Rating Scales (IRS): Nature and construction

Introduction to Structured Logs: Nature and construction

Case Study:  Mr. and Mrs. Angus Ferguson and the issue of continuing care retirement communities

Chapter Summary

 

Chapter 7: Behavioral Observations

The Nature of Behaviors

Case Study: Evaluating the prevention of unwanted teenage pregnancy at a school health clinic using behavioral observations

Methods of Observing Behavior in Others: Principles of seeing

Chapter Summary

 

Chapter 8: Standardized Rating Scales

Case Study: Mrs. Cornelia Vanderveen, an older woman in need of protective care

My (MB) Experiences in Developing and Testing a Standardized Rating Scale: The Benjamin Rose Institute Protective Care Study

Selecting a Standardized Rating Scale for Your Specific Purposes

Administering and Scoring a Standardized Rating Scale

Advantages and Disadvantages of Standardized Rating Scales

Chapter Summary

 

Chapter 9: Qualitative Data in Single-System Designs: Self-Monitoring

The Place of Qualitative Information in a Quantitative World: Self-monitoring

The narrative approach

Positive psychology and the strengths perspective

A New Idea in Single-System Evaluation: Global assessment

Case Study: Problems for Ahmed Beddin, a religious man in a foreign culture

Chapter Summary

 

Chapter 10: Measurement Cautions

Case Study: Measuring outcomes in a women’s support group

Unobtrusive and Non-reactive Measures

Archival records

Behavioral observations

Unobtrusive observations

Physical traces

Measuring the Impact of the Physical Environment on Client Concerns

Ethical Issues (Socio-cultural, Gender, Orientation, Status Issues)

Chapter Summary

 

 

PART III: EVALUATION BASICS: BASELINES, DESIGNS, ANALYSES, AND DECISION MAKING 

 

Chapter 11: Baselining and the Beginning of Evaluated Practice

Case Study: Bullying in the school

Baselining: Great possibilities

Concurrent Baselining: Possibility fulfilled

Reconstructed Baseline: The best we can do under the circumstances

Patterns among Baselines in Multiple Graphs

A World without Baselines: The emperor’s new clothes

Chapter Summary

 

Chapter 12: AB*M** Design

Purpose

On Your Mark

Some History of the Case Study

Logical Changes to Provide Scientific Grounds of Practice

Get Set

AB designs

Strengths of AB designs

Limitations of AB designs

Go: AB*M** designs

Case Study Using an AB*M** Design: Jesse, the runner

Chapter Summary

                                   

Chapter 13: Advanced Designs

Introduction to Simplicity in Talking about Complex Subjects

ABA Design

M added to ABA Design: The ABAM Design

ABAB and ABABM Designs

Multiple Baseline Designs

Multiple Baseline Designs with Maintenance Phases

The BAB and BABM Designs: Emergency designs

Other Advanced Designs

The changing intensity design

The alternating intervention design

Multiple target design, a fake advanced design: Careful, but keep using M

Chapter Summary

 

Chapter 14: Analysis of Data: A Systemic and Holistic Approach

~ Martin Bloom, Kimberly J. Vannest, John L. Davis, and Preston A. Britner

Overview of Six Methods of Analysis

Method #1) Analysis Involving Targets: From the client’s perspective

Method #2) Client Analysis of Goal Attainment: From the client’s perspective

Method # 3) Trend Analysis: What graphed data patterns have to tell us about the course of an intervention

Method #4) Analysis Using Non-overlapping Data between Baseline and Intervention: Standing back in order to get closer to underlying abstract entities

Method #5) Statistical Analysis 

Method #6) Sustained Time Analysis: The test of time

Chapter Summary

 

Chapter 15: Decision Making

What is Decision Making?

Case Study: The family repercussions of military deployment

Chapter Summary