CliffsQuickReview Anatomy and Physiology

by Phillip E. Pack

• ISBN13: 9780764563737
• ISBN10: 0764563734
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-06-01
• Publisher: Cliffs Notes

Summary

When it comes to pinpointing the stuff you really need to know, nobody does it better than CliffsNotes. This fast, effective tutorial helps you master core physiological concepts from cells, tissues, and muscles to the immune system, the respiratory system, and the cardiovascular system and get the best possible grade. At CliffsNotes, we're dedicated to helping you do your best, no matter how challenging the subject. Our authors are veteran teachers and talented writers who know how to cut to the chase and zero in on the essential information you need to succeed.

Table of Contents

Introduction	1	(1)
Why You Need This Book	1	(1)
How to Use This Book	1	(1)
Visit Our Web Site	2	(1)
Anatomy and Chemistry basics	3	(16)
So What Is Anatomy?	3	(4)
Organizations of living systems	4	(1)
Homeostasis	4	(1)
Anatomic terminology	5	(2)
Atoms, Molecules, Ions, and Bonds	7	(2)
Inorganic Compounds	9	(1)
Organic Molecules	9	(7)
Carbohydrates	10	(1)
Lipids	10	(3)
Proteins	13	(1)
Nucleic acids	14	(2)
Chemical Reactions in Metabolic Processes	16	(3)
The Cell	19	(22)
The Cell and Its Membrane	19	(5)
The plasma membrane	20	(1)
The nucleus and other organelles	21	(3)
Cell Junctions	24	(1)
Movement of Substances	25	(2)
Passive transport process	25	(1)
Active transport processes	26	(1)
Cell Division	27	(14)
Mitosis	28	(2)
Meiosis	30	(3)
DNA replication	33	(8)
Tissues	41	(13)
Epithelial Tissue	42	(3)
Epithelium that covers or lines	42	(1)
Glandular epithelium	43	(2)
Connective Tissue	45	(6)
Nervous Tissue	51	(1)
Muscle Tissue	52	(2)
The Integumentary System	54	(6)
The Skin and Its Functions	54	(2)
The Epidermis	56	(1)
The Dermis	56	(1)
The Hypodermis	57	(1)
Accessory Organs of the Skin	57	(3)
Bones and Skeletal Tissues	60	(7)
Functions of Bones	60	(1)
Types of Bones	61	(1)
Bone Structure	61	(2)
Bone Development	63	(1)
Bone Growth	64	(1)
Bone Homeostasis	65	(1)
Surface Features of Bones	65	(2)
The Skeletal System	67	(15)
Organization of the Skeleton	67	(2)
Skull: Cranium and Facial Bones	69	(4)
Hyoid Bone	73	(1)
Vertebral Column	73	(3)
Thorax	76	(2)
Pectoral Girdle	78	(1)
Upper Limb	79	(1)
Pelvic Girdle	79	(1)
Lower Limb	80	(2)
Joints	82	(5)
Classifying Joints	82	(5)
Structural classification	84	(1)
Functional classification	84	(3)
Muscle Tissue	87	(11)
Types of Muscles	87	(1)
Connective Tissue Associated with Muscle Tissue	88	(1)
Structure of Skeletal Muscle	88	(2)
Muscle Contraction	90	(6)
Stimulatio of muscle contraction	90	(1)
Phases of a muscle contraction	91	(1)
Quality of a muscle contraction	92	(2)
Muscle metabolism	94	(2)
Structure of Cardiac Muscle	96	(1)
Structure of Smooth Muscle	96	(2)
The Muscular System	98	(15)
Skeletal Muscle Actions	98	(1)
Names of Skeletal Muscles	99	(1)
Muscle Size and Arrangement of Muscle Fascicles	100	(1)
Major Skeletal Muscles	100	(13)
Nervous Tissue	113	(9)
Neurons	113	(2)
Neuroglia	115	(1)
Myelination	116	(1)
Transmission of Nerve Impulses	117	(2)
The Synapse	119	(3)
The Nervous System	122	(23)
Nervous System Organization	122	(2)
Nervous System Terminology	124	(1)
The Brain	125	(6)
The Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid	131	(1)
The Meninges	132	(1)
The Blood-Brain Barrier	132	(1)
Cranial Nerves	133	(1)
The Spinal Cord	134	(4)
Spinal Nerves	138	(1)
Reflexes	138	(2)
The Autonomic Nervous System	140	(5)
The Sensory System	145	(15)
Sensory Receptors	145	(1)
The Somatic Senses	146	(1)
Vision	147	(6)
Hearing	153	(3)
Equilibrium	156	(1)
Smell	157	(1)
Taste	158	(2)
The Endrocrine System	160	(12)
Hormones	160	(2)
Mechanisms of hormone action	161	(1)
Control of hormone production	162	(1)
The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Glands	162	(7)
Endocrine Organs and Tissues	169	(1)
Antagonistic Hormones	170	(2)
The Cardiovascular System	172	(30)
The Functions	172	(1)
The Blood	173	(5)
Eyrthrocytes	174	(1)
Leukocytes	175	(2)
Platelets	177	(1)
Plasma	177	(1)
Blood Formation	178	(1)
Erythropoiesis	179
Erythroprotein	178	(1)
Leukopoiesis	178	(1)
Thrombopoiesis	179	(1)
Hemostasis	179	(1)
Blood Groups	180	(1)
Circulatory Pathways	181	(1)
The Heart	182	(4)
Cardiac Conduction	186	(1)
Cardiac Muscle Contraction	187	(1)
Electrocardiogram	188	(2)
The Cardiac Cycle	190	(1)
Cardiac Output	191	(1)
Blood Vessels	192	(3)
Blood Pressure	195	(1)
Control of Blood Pressure	196	(2)
Blood Vessels of the Body	198	(4)
The Lymphatic System	202	(8)
Lymphatic System Components	202	(1)
Lymphatic Vessels	203	(1)
Lymphoid Cells	204	(1)
Lymphatic Tissues and Organs	205	(5)
Lymph nodes	206	(1)
Thymus	207	(1)
Spleen	208	(2)
The Immune System and Other Body Defenses	210	(10)
Protecting Your Body	210	(1)
Nonspecific Barriers	211	(1)
Nonspecific Defenses	211	(2)
The Immune System	213	(1)
Major Histocompatibility Complex	213	(1)
Lymphocytes	214	(2)
Antibodies	216	(1)
Costimulation	216	(1)
Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Responses	217	(1)
Supplements to the Immune Response	218	(2)
The Respiratory System	220	(12)
Function of the Respiratory System	220	(1)
Structure of the Respiratory System	221	(4)
Lungs	225	(1)
Mechanics of Breathing	226	(1)
Lung Volumes and Capacities	226	(1)
Gas Exchange	227	(1)
Gas Transport	228	(2)
Control of Respiration	230	(2)
The Digestive System	232	(19)
Function of the Digestive System	232	(1)
Structure of the GI Tract Wall	233	(2)
Digestive Enzymes	235	(1)
The Mouth	236	(2)
The Pharynx	238	(1)
The Esophagus	238	(1)
Deglutition (Swallowing)	238	(1)
The Stomach	239	(2)
The Small Intestine	241	(3)
Large Intestine	244	(1)
The Pancreas	245	(1)
The Liver and Gallbladder	245	(2)
Regulation of Digestion	247	(4)
The Urinary System	251	(14)
Anatomy of the Kidneys	251	(10)
Blood and nerve supply	252	(2)
The nephron	254	(7)
Regulation of Urine Concentration	261	(2)
Ureters	263	(1)
Urinary Bladder	263	(1)
Urethra	264	(1)
The Reproductive System	265	(18)
So What Is Reproduction?	265	(1)
The Male Reproductive System	265	(7)
Spermkatogenesis	269	(1)
Hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis	270	(2)
The Female Reproduction System	272	(11)
Mammary glands	276	(1)
Oogenesis	277	(1)
Hormonal regulation of oogenesis and the menstrual cycle	278	(5)
CQR Review	283	(7)
CQR Resource Center	290	(3)
Glossary	293	(9)
Index	302