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9780764563935

CliffsQuickReview® Writing: Grammar, Usage, and Style

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780764563935

  • ISBN10:

    0764563939

  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2001-05-01
  • Publisher: Cliffs Notes

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Summary

When it comes to pinpointing the stuff you really need to know, nobody does it better than CliffsNotes. This fast, effective tutorial helps you master core grammar, usage, and concepts - from parts of speech, punctuation, and clauses to common sentence errors, misused words, and the elements of style - and get the best possible grade.At CliffsNotes, we're dedicated to helping you do your best, no matter how challenging the subject. Our authors are veteran teachers and talented writers who know how to cut to the chase - and zero in on the essential information you need to succeed.

Author Biography

Jean Eggenschwiler, MA is a graduate of U. C. Berkeley and Stanford University. She has taught English and Composition in high school and worked as a business editor and writer. Emily Dotson Biggs is a graduate of the University of North Carolina and Murray State University. She is currently an adjunct instructor at Paducah Community College and Murray State University and has taught English to students from kindergarten to college.

Table of Contents

Introduction 1(1)
Why You Need This Book
1(1)
How to Use This Book
2(1)
Visit Our Web Site
2(1)
Nouns
3(7)
Proper Nouns
3(1)
Verbs Used as Nouns
4(1)
The gerund
4(1)
The problem gerund
4(1)
Collective Nouns
5(1)
Singular and Plural Nouns
6(1)
Possessive Case of Nouns
6(1)
Problems with possessives
6(1)
Switching to an of construction
6(1)
Joint ownership
6(1)
Agreement of Nouns and Verbs
7(3)
Verbs
10(17)
Action Verbs
10(1)
Linking Verbs
11(1)
Active and Passive Voice
12(1)
Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
12(1)
Transitive verbs
12(1)
Intransitive verbs
13(1)
Verbals: Gerunds, Infinitives, and Participles
13(1)
Forming Verb Tenses
14(3)
Tense, person, and number
14(1)
The six tenses
15(2)
Using the Tenses
17(2)
Present, past, and future
17(1)
Present perfect
18(1)
Past perfect
18(1)
Future perfect
18(1)
Moods of the Verbs
19(2)
The indicative and imperative
19(1)
The subjunctive
19(2)
Problems with Verbs
21(6)
Illogical time sequence
21(1)
When to use the perfect tense
21(1)
Faulty if clauses
22(1)
Inconsistency in tenses
22(1)
Irregular verbs
23(4)
Pronouns
27(15)
The Pronoun
27(2)
Personal pronouns
28(1)
Reflexive (intensive) pronouns
28(1)
Demonstrative pronouns
28(1)
Relative pronouns
28(1)
Interrogative pronouns
29(1)
Indefinite pronouns
29(1)
Pronoun Case
29(3)
Subjective case of pronouns
30(1)
Compound subjects
31(1)
Pronouns following ``to be''
31(1)
Objective Case of Pronouns
32(2)
Pronouns as objects of verbs
32(1)
Pronouns as objects of prepositions
32(1)
Pronoun over-refinement
33(1)
Compound objects
33(1)
Pronouns as subjects of infinitives
33(1)
Choosing Between the Subjective and Objective Case
34(1)
Pronoun case with appositives
34(1)
Who, whom, whoever, whomever
35(1)
Possessive Case of Pronouns
35(1)
Possessive Pronouns with Gerunds
36(1)
Pronoun Reference
36(2)
Finding the antecedent
36(1)
Unclear antecedents
36(1)
Indefinite antecedents
37(1)
Pronoun Agreement
38(2)
Agreement problems with indefinite pronouns
39(1)
Pronouns with collective nouns
39(1)
Sexism in Pronouns: He or She?
40(2)
Mofifiers: Adjectives and Adverbs
42(7)
The Modifier
42(1)
When to Use Modifiers
43(3)
Recognizing adjectives and adverbs
43(1)
Using adjectives after linking verbs
44(1)
Problem adjectives and adverbs
45(1)
Forming the Comparative and Superlative Degrees
46(1)
Adjectives and Adverbs that Should Not be Compared
47(2)
Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections
49(6)
The Preposition
49(2)
Recognizing prepositions
50(1)
Confusing use of prepositions
50(1)
Defining Conjunctions
51(2)
Coordinating conjunctions
51(1)
Correlative conjunctions
52(1)
Subordinating conjunctions
52(1)
Using Interjections
53(2)
Pharases, Clauses, and Sentences
55(12)
The Phrase
55(1)
The Prepositional Phrase
56(1)
Phrases Containing Verbals
56(3)
The participial phrase
57(1)
The gerund phrase
57(1)
The infinitive phrase
58(1)
Split infinitives
58(1)
Types of Clauses
59(4)
Independent clauses
59(1)
Beginning sentences with coordinating conjunctions
60(1)
Subordinate clauses
60(1)
Relative clauses
60(1)
Noun clauses
61(1)
Pronoun case in subordinate clause
61(1)
Adverbial clauses
62(1)
The Sentence
63(1)
Subject and predicate
63(1)
Expressing a complete thought
64(1)
Sentence Types: Simple, Compound, and Complex
64(3)
Common Sentence Errors
67(20)
Run-On Sentences
67(2)
Joining independent clauses
67(1)
Run-ons with conjunctive (sentence) adverbs
68(1)
Acceptable run-ons
69(1)
Sentence Fragments
69(2)
Recognizing fragments
70(1)
Acceptable fragments
71(1)
Subject-Predicate Agreement
71(4)
Locating the subject
72(1)
Subject-predicate agreement with a compound subject
72(1)
Additive phrases
72(1)
Phrases and clauses between subject and predicate
73(1)
Subject following predicate
73(1)
Subject-predicate agreement
74(1)
Subject-predicate agreement in relative clauses
74(1)
Placement of Modifiers
75(3)
Misplaced modifiers
75(1)
Misplaced participial phrases
76(1)
Dangling modifiers
77(1)
Parallel Structure
78(5)
Faulty parallelism
79(1)
Parallel structure in a series
79(1)
Parallel structure in comparisons and antithetical constructions
80(1)
Parallel structure with correlative conjunctions
81(1)
Parallel structure with verbs
82(1)
Combining Sentences
83(1)
Combining simple sentences
83(1)
Combining sentences using phrases
83(1)
Varying Word Order in Sentences
84(3)
Periods, Question Marks, and Exclamation Points
87(6)
Uses of the Period
87(2)
Courtesy questions
88(1)
Abbreviations
88(1)
Periods with quotation marks
88(1)
Punctuation with abbreviations
88(1)
Use of the Question Mark
89(1)
Commas and periods with question marks
89(1)
Question marks with quotation marks
89(1)
Problems with Question Marks
90(1)
Indirect questions
90(1)
Sarcastic and emphatic question marks
90(1)
Use of the Exclamation Point
91(1)
Exclamation points with quotation marks
91(1)
Exclamation points with commas and periods
91(1)
Problems with Exclamation Points
91(2)
Commas, Semicolons, and Colons
93(15)
Uses of the Comma
93(9)
Joining independent clauses
94(1)
After Introductory clauses
95(1)
After introductory phrases
95(1)
To set off interrupting elements
96(1)
With restrictive and nonrestrictive elements
97(1)
With appositives
98(1)
Between items in a series
99(1)
Between modifiers in a series
100(1)
Commas with quotation marks
101(1)
Miscellaneous uses of the comma
101(1)
Problems with Commas
102(1)
Uses of the Semicolon
102(2)
Joining independent clauses
102(1)
Between items in a series
103(1)
Semicolons with quotation marks
104(1)
Problems with semicolons
104(1)
Uses of the Colon
104(2)
Introducing a quotation or formal statement
105(1)
Introducing a restatement or explanation
105(1)
Colons with quotation marks
106(1)
Miscellaneous uses of the colon
106(1)
Problems with Colons
106(2)
Dashes, Parentheses, and Quotation Marks
108(8)
Uses of the Dash
108(1)
Interrupting a sentence
108(1)
Introducing a restatement or explanation
109(1)
Dashes with commas
109(1)
Dashes with quotation marks
109(1)
Problems with Dashes
109(1)
Uses of Parentheses
110(2)
Setting off incidental information
110(1)
Other punctuation marks with parentheses
110(1)
Punctuation within parentheses
111(1)
Miscellaneous uses of parentheses
111(1)
When to use brackets
111(1)
Problems with Parentheses
112(1)
Uses of Quotation Marks
112(2)
Direct quotations
112(1)
Quotations within quotations
112(1)
Miscellaneous uses of quotation marks
113(1)
A summary of the rules
113(1)
Using an ellipsis
114(1)
Problems with Quotation Marks
114(2)
Idioms, Cliches, Jargon, and Faddish Language
116(11)
The Idiom
116(4)
Figurative idioms
117(1)
Prepositional idioms
117(1)
Selected list of prepositional idioms
117(3)
The Cliche
120(2)
Mixing cliches
121(1)
Avoiding cliches
121(1)
Using cliches in new ways
121(1)
Jargon
122(1)
Negative connotations of jargon
122(1)
Avoiding jargon
122(1)
Faddish Words
122(1)
Slang
123(1)
The Euphemism
123(4)
Avoiding euphemisms
124(1)
Selected list of euphemisms
124(3)
Compound Words and Wordiness
127(7)
Spelling of Compound Words
127(1)
Current trend in spelling compound words
128(1)
Compound adjectives
128(1)
Compound adverbs
128(1)
Words with Prefixes and Suffixes
128(1)
Wordy Expressions
129(3)
Redundant expressions
129(1)
Selected list of redundant expressions
129(1)
There is, there are, it is expressions
130(1)
Overused intensifiers
131(1)
Selected list of wordy expressions
131(1)
Active Voice vs. Passive Voice
132(2)
Prewriting: How to Begin a Writing Assignment
134(9)
The Steps in Writing
134(1)
Types of Writing
135(1)
Understanding Your Assignment
136(1)
Understanding Your Audience
136(2)
Guidelines for Choosing a Topic
138(3)
Topic vs. thesis
139(1)
Writing a thesis statement
139(1)
Avoiding fallacies
140(1)
The Main Idea in Narratives and Personal Essays
141(2)
Prewiriting: How to Research and Organize
143(7)
Finding Examples and Evidence
143(2)
Brainstorming, taking notes, and outlining
144(1)
Using the computer for research
144(1)
The Importance of Specific Details
145(1)
Plagiarism
145(1)
Quoting and paraphrasing
145(1)
The Writing Assignment
146(4)
The research paper
147(1)
Essays arguing a position from a single text
147(1)
Essays analyzing a literary work
147(1)
Narrative, descriptive, and autobiographical essays
148(2)
Writing
150(19)
Working from a Thesis Statement
150(5)
Spatial or chronological organization
151(1)
Dividing a subject into categories
152(1)
Organizing essays of comparison
153(1)
Inductive or deductive patterns of organization
154(1)
Order of examples and evidence
154(1)
Connecting paragraphs in an essay
155(1)
Outlining
155(2)
Informal outlines
155(1)
Formal outlines
155(1)
Sentence outlines and topic outlines
156(1)
Getting Started
157(1)
Introductions
158(3)
What to avoid in introductions
158(1)
Suggestions for introductions
159(2)
The Paragraph
161(5)
Paragraph length
161(1)
Paragraph unity
162(1)
Paragraph coherence
163(1)
Connecting sentences through ideas
163(1)
Connecting with words and phrases
164(2)
Conclusions
166(3)
What to avoid
166(1)
Suggestions for conclusions
167(2)
Revising and Editing
169(8)
Titles
169(1)
Reviewing the First Draft
170(1)
Preparing the Final Draft
171(2)
Writing and editing a draft
171(1)
Spell-checking, grammer-checking, and search-and-replace functions
172(1)
Layout of the final draft
172(1)
Checklist
173(4)
Purpose, audience, and tone
173(1)
Examples, evidence, and details
173(1)
Structure
174(1)
Language and style
174(1)
Sentence construction
174(1)
Grammer
175(2)
CQR Review 177(6)
CQR Resource Center 183(2)
Glossary 185(7)
Appendix: Frequently Confused Words 192(15)
Index 207

Supplemental Materials

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The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

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