Communicating Effectively with free TestPrep and Communication Concepts Video CD-ROM

by HYBELS

• ISBN13: 9780072416480
• ISBN10: 0072416483
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-06-29
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages

Summary

This text is for the Introduction to Communication course, also known as the Hybrid course. In this course, students acquire a foundation of knowledge on the different areas of communication: verbal, nonverbal, interpersonal, small group, public speaking, and more.

In "Communicating Effectively, students learn the foundation of communication studies through numerous examples ranging from the campus to the workplace to communities both in the United States and throughout the world; brief readings from the popular press further engage students to relate to communication theories. In addition every chapter contains numerous activities to encourage students to work in groups and learn concepts.

New to this edition: Every new copy of Communicating Effectively, 6th edition is now packaged with a FREE Communications Concepts Video CD-ROM.

Table of Contents

Part One Basic Principles of Communication	1	(158)
The Communication Process	2	(28)
Everyone Needs Communication Skills	5	(1)
Communication Is a Process	6	(7)
A Definition of Communication	6	(1)
The Elements of Communication	7	(6)
Communication Is a Transaction	13	(3)
The Three Principles of Transactional Communication	13	(3)
Types of Communication	16	(3)
Intrapersonal Communication	16	(1)
Interpersonal Communication	16	(2)
Small-Group Communication	18	(1)
Public Communication	19	(1)
Mass Communication	19	(1)
Intercultural Communication	19	(3)
Ethical Communication	22	(1)
Communicating Effectively	23	(7)
Where to Begin	24	(2)
Summary	26	(1)
Questions to Review	26	(1)
Notes	27	(1)
Further Reading	27	(3)
Self and Communication	30	(32)
Self-Concept	32	(9)
Reflected Appraisals	33	(2)
Social Comparisons	35	(2)
Self-Perception	37	(1)
Gender, Sex, and Self-Concept	38	(1)
Psychological Safety and Risk	39	(2)
Can You Improve Your Self-Concept?	41	(3)
What Do You Want to Change about Yourself?	42	(1)
Are Your Circumstances Keeping You from Changing?	42	(1)
Are You Willing to Take Some Chances?	43	(1)
What Would Be a Realistic Goal?	43	(1)
Can You Discipline Yourself?	43	(1)
Are There People Who Will Support You?	43	(1)
Can You Be More You-Centered?	44	(1)
Perception	44	(3)
The Perceptual Process	45	(1)
Our Perceptions within Our Culture	46	(1)
Race, Ethnicity, and Communication	47	(15)
Communication between Nondominant-and Dominant-Group Members	51	(6)
The Consequences of Nondominant-and Dominant-Group Communication	57	(2)
Summary	59	(1)
Questions to Review	59	(1)
Notes	59	(1)
Further Reading	60	(2)
Listening	62	(32)
Listening Styles	65	(2)
Gender and Listening	67	(1)
Why Do People Have Problems Listening?	67	(3)
Cognitive Dissonance	68	(1)
Anxiety	68	(1)
The Controlling Listener	69	(1)
The Passive Listener	69	(1)
Learning to Listen	70	(1)
The Process of Listening	71	(4)
Predicting	71	(1)
Receiving Messages	72	(1)
Attending	72	(1)
Assigning Meaning	73	(1)
Remembering	73	(1)
Assessing	74	(1)
Listening for Information: Active Listening	75	(5)
Identify the Central Idea	76	(2)
Identify Supporting Material	78	(1)
Form a Mental Outline	78	(1)
Predict What Will Come Next	79	(1)
Relate Points to Your Experience	79	(1)
Look for Similarities and Differences	79	(1)
Ask Questions	79	(1)
Critical Listening	80	(3)
Determine the Speaker's Motives	81	(1)
Challenge and Question Ideas	81	(1)
Distinguish Fact from Opinion	81	(1)
Recognize Your Own Biases	82	(1)
Assess the Message	83	(1)
Empathic Listening	83	(5)
Listening for Feelings	83	(1)
Negative Listening Responses	84	(1)
The Empathic-Listening Response	85	(3)
Listening for Enjoyment	88	(6)
Summary	90	(1)
Questions to Review	90	(1)
Notes	91	(1)
Further Reading	92	(2)
Verbal Communication	94	(32)
How Words Work	98	(3)
People Determine Meanings	101	(1)
The Language Environment	102	(6)
People, Purposes, and Rules	102	(2)
Appropriate Language	104	(2)
Specialization	106	(2)
Style, Roles, and Group Memberships	108	(6)
Gender and Language	110	(2)
Dialect	112	(1)
Speaking and Writing	113	(1)
Working on Your Communication	114	(12)
What Do You Want to Say?	114	(2)
How Do You Want to Say It?	116	(3)
To Whom Are You Talking?	119	(2)
What Metamessages Are You Sending?	121	(1)
Summary	122	(1)
Questions to Review	123	(1)
Notes	123	(1)
Further Reading	124	(2)
Nonverbal Communication	126	(33)
The Importance of Nonverbal Communication	128	(1)
Nonverbal Communication as a Transaction	128	(1)
Verbal and Nonverbal Differences	129	(4)
Environment	130	(1)
Feedback	130	(1)
Continuity	130	(1)
Channel	130	(2)
Control	132	(1)
Senses	132	(1)
Structure	132	(1)
Acquisition	132	(1)
How Nonverbal Communication Works	133	(1)
Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication	133	(3)
Nonverbal Communication Is Culturally Determined	133	(2)
Nonverbal Messages May Conflict with Verbal Messages	135	(1)
Nonverbal Messages Are Largely Unconscious	136	(1)
Nonverbal Communication Shows Your Feelings and Attitudes	136	(1)
Types of Nonverbal Communication	136	(9)
Paralanguage	136	(3)
Body Movement	139	(2)
Eye Messages	141	(1)
Attractiveness	141	(1)
Clothing	142	(3)
Body Adornment	145	(1)
Space and Distance	145	(8)
Distance Zones	146	(2)
Space/Distance as an Indicator of Intimacy	148	(1)
Space/Distance as an Indicator of Status	149	(1)
Touch	150	(1)
Time	151	(2)
Improving Your Nonverbal Communication	153	(6)
How Do People React to You?	153	(1)
What Can Videotape Show You about Your Nonverbal Communication?	153	(1)
Is Your Nonverbal Communication Appropriate to the Role You Are Playing?	154	(1)
How Do You Use Your Space?	154	(1)
How Do You Use Time?	155	(1)
Summary	155	(1)
Questions to Review	155	(1)
Notes	156	(1)
Further Reading	157	(2)
Part Two Interpersonal Communication	159	(130)
Interpersonal Relationships	160	(38)
Emotional Intelligence	163	(4)
Being Self-Aware	163	(1)
Managing Emotions	164	(1)
Motivating Yourself	164	(1)
Recognizing Emotions in Others	165	(1)
Handling Relationships	165	(2)
Attraction to Others	167	(3)
Physical Attraction	167	(1)
Perceived Gain	168	(1)
Similarities	169	(1)
Differences	170	(1)
Proximity	170	(1)
Motives for Interpersonal Communication	170	(4)
Pleasure	171	(1)
Affection	171	(1)
Inclusion	171	(1)
Escape	171	(1)
Relaxation	172	(1)
Control	172	(2)
Talking to Each Other	174	(4)
Roles, Relationships, and Communication	174	(1)
Beginning Conversations: The Art of Small Talk	175	(1)
Verbal Approaches in Promoting or Avoiding Relationships	176	(1)
Aggressive Talk: Words You Shouldn't Say	177	(1)
Regrettable Talk: Words You Wish You Hadn't Said	177	(1)
Self-Disclosure: Important Talk	178	(6)
The Importance of Self-Disclosure	179	(1)
The Process of Self-Disclosure	180	(2)
Self-Disclosure and Intimacy: Rewards and Fears	182	(1)
When Should Self-Disclosure Occur?	183	(1)
Family Communication	184	(14)
The Systems Theory of Family	185	(1)
Intimacy in Couples and Families	186	(2)
Happily Married Couples	188	(1)
The Communication of Intimacy	188	(1)
Communication between Parents and Children	189	(1)
Stepfamilies	190	(1)
Quality Communication in a Family	191	(2)
Subjects Better Left Unsaid in Families	193	(1)
Summary	193	(1)
Questions to Review	194	(1)
Notes	194	(1)
Further Reading	195	(3)
Evaluating and Improving Relationships	198	(40)
The Stages of a Relationship	200	(12)
Coming Together	201	(5)
Coming Apart	206	(6)
Essential Elements of Good Relationships	212	(1)
Commitment	212	(1)
Dialogue	212	(1)
Evaluating Your Relationships	213	(4)
Roles and Expectations	213	(2)
Renegotiating Roles	215	(1)
Costs and Rewards	216	(1)
Communication Problems in Relationships	217	(8)
Criticism and Complaints	217	(3)
Avoidance	220	(1)
Aggression	221	(1)
Defensive Communication	221	(4)
Avoiding Defensive Communication: A Practical Example	225	(2)
Communication Solutions in Relationships	227	(2)
Empathic Listening	227	(1)
I/You Messages	228	(1)
Assertiveness	228	(1)
Resolving Conflict	229	(3)
Relationships That Work	232	(6)
Summary	233	(1)
Questions to Review	234	(1)
Notes	234	(1)
Further Reading	235	(3)
Communicating at Work	238	(51)
The Information Interview	242	(13)
Preparing for the Interview	244	(10)
Conducting the Interview	254	(1)
Analyzing the Interview	255	(1)
Information Interviews as Precursors to Job Interviews	255	(4)
The Employment Interview	259	(18)
Evaluating the Job Description	259	(1)
Preparing a Resume	259	(6)
Cover Letters	265	(1)
The Interview	266	(11)
The Follow-Up Letter	277	(1)
Presentations	277	(12)
Thorough Preparation	279	(1)
Natural Delivery	279	(4)
Effective Visuals	283	(1)
Summary	283	(1)
Questions to Review	284	(1)
Notes	284	(1)
Further Reading	285	(4)
Part Three Communicating in Groups	289	(60)
Small Groups: Characteristics	290	(28)
Why Discuss?	294	(2)
Characteristics of Small Groups	296	(6)
Cultural Values	296	(1)
Group Norms	296	(1)
Group Rules	297	(1)
Types of Groups	298	(4)
Small-Group Effectiveness	302	(5)
Workable Size	302	(1)
An Appropriate Meeting Place	303	(1)
Suitable Seating Arrangements	303	(1)
Cohesiveness and Commitment	304	(1)
Groupthink	305	(2)
Discussion in Groups	307	(11)
Choosing a Topic	308	(1)
Identifying the Problem	309	(1)
Analyzing the Problem	310	(5)
Summary	315	(1)
Questions to Review	315	(1)
Notes	315	(1)
Further Reading	316	(2)
Group Leadership, Participation, and Conflict Management	318	(31)
Functional Leadership	321	(2)
What Is a Leader?	323	(1)
How Leaders Influence Followers	323	(1)
Reward Power	323	(1)
Coercive Power	323	(1)
Legitimate Power	323	(1)
Expert Power	324	(1)
Referent Power	324	(1)
How People Become Leaders	324	(2)
Personality Traits	325	(1)
Situational Factors	325	(1)
Leadership Styles	326	(4)
The Authoritarian Leader	326	(2)
The Democratic Leader	328	(1)
The Laissez-Faire Leader	329	(1)
Leading the Group	330	(5)
Neutrality and Objectivity	330	(1)
Establishing Procedures	331	(1)
Helping the Group to Progress	332	(1)
Raising Questions	333	(1)
Focusing on Answers	333	(1)
Delegating Responsibility	334	(1)
Encouraging Social Interaction	334	(1)
Participating in Group Discussion	335	(4)
Roles in Discussion	335	(4)
Conflict in Groups	339	(10)
The Value of Substantive Conflict	340	(1)
Managing Group Conflict	341	(1)
Evaluating Group Performance	342	(2)
Summary	344	(1)
Questions to Review	345	(1)
Notes	345	(1)
Further Reading	346	(3)
Part Four Communicating in Public	349	(252)
Getting Started	350	(36)
Selecting a Topic	354	(7)
Making a Personal Inventory	355	(3)
Brainstorming	358	(3)
Narrowing the Topic	361	(3)
Testing the Topic	364	(1)
Appropriate for the Audience?	364	(1)
Appropriate for You?	364	(1)
Appropriate for the Occasion?	365	(1)
Selecting a Purpose	365	(6)
The General Purpose	366	(1)
The Specific Purpose	367	(1)
The Central Idea	368	(3)
Analyzing the Audience	371	(9)
The Role of the Speaker	371	(1)
Audience Knowledge	372	(1)
Audience Interest	373	(1)
Audience Attitudes and Beliefs	373	(2)
Audience Demographics	375	(5)
Analyzing the Occasion	380	(6)
Length of the Speech	380	(1)
Time of Day	380	(1)
Physical Setting of the Speech	380	(2)
Summary	382	(1)
Questions to Review	382	(1)
Notes	383	(1)
Further Reading	383	(3)
Finding Speech Material	386	(48)
Researching Your Topic: Where to Look	392	(28)
Drawing on Personal Experience and Observation	393	(1)
Researching on the Internet	393	(8)
Interviewing	401	(1)
Using the Library	401	(19)
Supporting Material: What to Look For	420	(9)
Comparison	422	(1)
Contrast	423	(1)
Definition	424	(1)
Examples	424	(2)
Statistics	426	(2)
Testimony	428	(1)
Polls	429	(1)
Studies	429	(1)
Adapting Supporting Material to Your Audience	429	(5)
Summary	431	(1)
Questions to Review	431	(1)
Notes	432	(1)
Further Reading	433	(1)
Organizing and Outlining the Speech	434	(40)
Principles of Organization	439	(2)
Relate Points to Your Specific Purpose and Central Idea	439	(1)
Distinguish between Main and Minor Points	440	(1)
Phrase All Points in Full Sentences	440	(1)
Give All Points a Parallel Structure	440	(1)
Patterns of Organization	441	(9)
Time Order	442	(1)
Spatial Order	443	(1)
Cause-and-Effect Order	444	(2)
Problem-Solution Order	446	(1)
Motivated Sequence	447	(2)
Topical Order	449	(1)
The Speech Introduction	450	(8)
Stating Your Purpose, Central Idea, and Main Points	451	(1)
Getting Attention	452	(1)
Use Some Humor	452	(1)
Use An Example	453	(1)
Refer to the Occasion	453	(1)
Show the Importance of the Subject	454	(1)
Use Startling Information	454	(1)
Use Questions	455	(1)
Use Personal Examples	455	(1)
Use a Quotation	456	(2)
Additional Tips for Introductions	458	(1)
The Speech Conclusion	458	(2)
Summarize Your Main Ideas	459	(1)
Use a Quotation	459	(1)
Inspire Your Audience to Action	459	(1)
Additional Tips for Conclusions	460	(1)
Speech Transitions	460	(1)
Tips for Transitions	461	(1)
Preparing an Outline	461	(2)
The Outline Format	461	(1)
Full-Sentence and Key-Word Outlines	462	(1)
The Bibliography	463	(11)
Summary	471	(1)
Questions to Review	471	(1)
Notes	472	(1)
Further Reading	473	(1)
Delivering the Speech	474	(44)
Characteristics of Good Delivery	477	(4)
Attentiveness	478	(1)
Immediacy	478	(1)
Directness	479	(1)
Conversational Quality	480	(1)
Types of Delivery	481	(5)
Impromptu Speaking	481	(1)
Speaking from a Manuscript	482	(1)
Speaking from Memory	483	(1)
Extemporaneous Speaking	484	(2)
How You Look	486	(4)
Appearance	486	(1)
Body Language	487	(1)
Eye Contact	487	(1)
Facial Expression	488	(1)
Gestures	489	(1)
Posture	489	(1)
How You Sound	490	(4)
Volume	490	(1)
Using a Microphone	491	(1)
Pace	491	(1)
Pitch and Inflection	491	(1)
Enunciation	492	(2)
Using Visual Support	494	(12)
Types of Visual Support	494	(10)
Rules for Using Visual Support	504	(2)
Controlling Nervousness	506	(3)
Practicing Your Speech	509	(9)
Preparing Your Speech	509	(1)
Trying Out Your Speech	510	(1)
Practicing Actual Delivery	510	(4)
Summary	514	(1)
Questions to Review	514	(1)
Notes	515	(1)
Further Reading	515	(3)
The Informative Speech	518	(34)
Goals of an Informative Speaker	521	(3)
Getting Attention	522	(1)
Increasing Understanding	522	(2)
Helping Retention	524	(1)
Strategies for Informative Speeches	524	(28)
Defining	525	(4)
Describing	529	(2)
Explaining	531	(1)
Using Numbers	531	(2)
Connecting the Known with the Unknown	533	(1)
Repeating and Reinforcing Ideas	534	(1)
Arousing Interest in Your Topic	534	(4)
Getting Listeners Involved	538	(11)
Summary	549	(1)
Questions to Review	549	(1)
Notes	549	(1)
Further Reading	550	(2)
The Persuasive Speech	552	(49)
Persuasion and the Communication Model	555	(1)
What Is Persuasion, and What Is Its Purpose?	556	(2)
Values, beliefs, and Attitudes	558	(4)
Values	558	(2)
Beliefs	560	(1)
Attitudes	561	(1)
Why Persuasion Is Difficult	562	(3)
Strategies of Persuasion	565	(13)
Determine Your Purpose	565	(1)
Analyze Your Audience	566	(1)
Appeal to Your Audience Using Logic	567	(4)
Appeal to Your Audience Using Emotion	571	(7)
Structure Your Material Effectively	578	(5)
Questions of Fact, Value, and Policy	579	(1)
One-Sided versus Two-Sided Arguments	580	(1)
Order of Presentation	580	(3)
Build Your Credibility	583	(18)
Expertise	583	(2)
Dynamism	585	(1)
Trustworthiness	586	(1)
Ethics	586	(11)
Summary	597	(1)
Questions to Review	597	(1)
Notes	598	(1)
Further Reading	599	(2)
Appendix	601	(28)
Mass Communication and Media Literacy	601	(2)
What Is Media Literacy?	603	(3)
How Do the Media Relate to the Communication Model?	606	(2)
Why Study Media Literacy?	608	(7)
The Media Provide Instant News	608	(1)
The Media Shape Culture	609	(1)
The Media Shape Attitudes	610	(2)
The Media Influence Behavior	612	(2)
The Media Connect Us with the Global Community	614	(1)
The Media Promote Responsible Citizenship	614	(1)
The Media Create Productive Workers	615	(1)
How Does Assessment Relate to the Media?	615	(2)
How Should One Assess the Media?	617	(6)
Evaluating Information	617	(1)
Assessing Information on Television and in the Newspapers	618	(1)
Assessing Information on the Internet	619	(4)
How Do Ethics Relate to the Media?	623	(6)
Summary	624	(1)
Questions to Review	625	(1)
Notes	626	(1)
Further Reading	627	(2)
Glossary	629	(8)
Illustration Credits	637	(2)
Index	639