Communicating Emotion: Social, Moral, and Cultural Processes

by Sally Planalp

• ISBN13: 9780521553155
• ISBN10: 0521553156
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-08-13
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Summary

The modern world is forcing us to understand emotion in order to cope with new problems such as road rage and epidemic levels of depression, as well as age-old problems such as homicide, genocide and racial tension. At the same time, scholarly research is leading us to appreciate how emotion helps us to understand and transcend our selfish interests, to connect with others, to feel what is just and moral, and not just think it, and to construct societies and cultures that govern our joint efforts. This book draws upon scholarly research to address, explain and legitimize the role that emotion plays in everyday interaction and in many of the pressing social, moral, and cultural issues that we face today.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	xiii
Introduction	1	(8)
How Important Is Emotion in Everyday Interaction?	9	(30)
Emotion as Process	11	(3)
Components of the Emotion Process	14	(20)
Objects/Causes/Eliciting Events	14	(5)
Appraisal	19	(7)
Physiological Changes	26	(3)
Action Tendencies, Action, and Expression	29	(2)
Regulation	31	(1)
Emotional Experience	32	(2)
Putting the Process Back Together Again	34	(2)
Valuing Emotion in Conversation	36	(3)
How and Why Is Emotion Communicated?	39	(32)
Communication as Exchanging Messages	39	(2)
Communication as Weaving Meaning	41	(2)
Communicating Emotion and Communicating Emotionally	43	(1)
Tools of the Trade: Cues to Emotion	43	(8)
Facial Cues	44	(1)
Vocal Cues	45	(1)
Physiological Cues	46	(1)
Gestures and Body Movements	46	(1)
Action Cues	47	(1)
Verbal Cues	47	(1)
No Cues at All	48	(1)
Varieties of Cues	48	(1)
Cue and Channel Combinations	49	(2)
Expressions Change Over Time	51	(1)
Expressiveness	52	(2)
Varieties of Emotional Connection	54	(13)
Emotional Recognition	55	(1)
Emotional Accuracy	56	(2)
Emotional Understanding	58	(3)
Emotional Coincidence	61	(1)
Emotional Contagion and Empathy	62	(4)
Sympathy and Schadenfreude	66	(1)
Responding to Each Other's Emotions	67	(1)
Why Communicate Emotion with Others?	67	(3)
Emotional Communication Competence	70	(1)
Is Emotional Communication Spontaneous or Strategic?	71	(33)
Managing Emotional Expressions	72	(11)
Strategies for Managing Emotions	75	(8)
Acting and Reacting Emotionally	83	(4)
Adapting Emotional Messages to Audiences	87	(3)
The Wisdom of Emotion and Risks of Ignoring It	90	(3)
The Demands of Emotion Management on the Job	93	(11)
Managing the Emotional Climates of Organizations	96	(5)
Managing Emotion by Creating Meaning	101	(3)
How Is Emotional Meaning Constructed Through Communication?	104	(30)
Emotional Meaning Influences Physical Health	105	(2)
Metaphors for Communicating Feelings: Venting, Catharsis, and Weaving Meaning	107	(4)
How Communicating Emotion Helps Coping	111	(5)
Communicating Emotions to Other People	116	(17)
Dilemmas of Constructing Emotional Meaning with Others	118	(1)
Communicating with Intimates	118	(8)
Communicating with Counselors	126	(4)
Communicating in Support Groups	130	(3)
Weaving Meaning Together in Everyday Life	133	(1)
How Is Emotional Meaning Both Personal and Social?	134	(26)
Individual and Interactional Perspectives	136	(1)
Social Emotions and Sharing	137	(2)
The Socialization of Emotion	139	(5)
Emotional Communication as What Is Socialized	140	(2)
Emotional Communication as a Way of Socializing Emotions	142	(2)
Emotion Messages and Close Relationships	144	(2)
Emotional Communication and Social Roles	146	(5)
Enacting Social Structure Through Emotional Communication	146	(3)
Changing Social Roles Through Emotional Communication	149	(2)
Communicating Emotion to Manage Social Situations	151	(7)
Apologizing	151	(2)
Expressing Gratitude	153	(2)
Showing Embarrassment	155	(1)
Solidified Social Routines and Rituals	156	(2)
The Issue of Responsibility	158	(2)
How Do Emotion Messages Communicate Moral Meaning?	160	(34)
Emotion Messages Communicate Standards for Right and Wrong	162	(17)
Communicating Anger and Guilt at Injustice	163	(6)
Connecting with Others Through Sympathy, Love, and Caring	169	(4)
``Sinful'' Emotions -- Hate, Jealousy, and Envy	173	(4)
Communicating Shame for Social Failure	177	(2)
Cultivating and Judging Emotional Character	179	(6)
Cultivating Moral Character Through Emotions	181	(2)
Judging Character Via Feelings	183	(2)
Challenging and Defending Emotion-Based Morality	185	(6)
Arguing Control	185	(2)
Arguing the Facts	187	(2)
Arguing Values	189	(1)
Arguing Hypocrisy	190	(1)
Arguing Awareness and Voice	190	(1)
Pathos, Logos, and Ethos Revisited	191	(1)
Emotivism versus Moral Emotionality Today	192	(2)
How Is Emotional Communication Grounded in Common Human Experience and Diverse Cultures?	194	(49)
How Important Is Emotion in Everyday Interaction?	198	(9)
Cause/Object/Antecedents	199	(1)
Appraisals	200	(2)
Physiological Changes	202	(1)
Action Tendencies, Action, and Expression	203	(1)
Emotional Experience	203	(1)
Emotion Talk	204	(2)
Emotion in Everyday Interaction	206	(1)
How and Why Is Emotion Communicated?	207	(10)
How Is Emotion Communicated?	208	(2)
Expressiveness	210	(2)
Emotional Accuracy	212	(1)
Emotional Understanding	213	(1)
Emotional Coincidence	214	(1)
Emotional Contagion and Empathy	215	(1)
Evoking Shared Feelings	216	(1)
The Issue of Confidence	217	(1)
Are Emotional Messages Spontaneous or Strategic?	217	(3)
Philosophies and Strategies	219	(1)
What Is Real?	220	(1)
How Is Emotional Meaning Constructed Through Communication?	220	(3)
Dilemmas of Disclosure	221	(2)
How Is Emotional Meaning Both Personal and Social?	223	(7)
Emotion Socialization	224	(2)
Emotional Communication and Social Roles	226	(2)
Solidified Social Routines and Rituals	228	(2)
How Do Emotion Messages Communicate Moral Meaning?	230	(4)
Emotional Ideals	230	(2)
Judgments of Character	232	(2)
To What Extent Can We Share Emotional Meanings Across Culture and History?	234	(1)
Epilogue: What Is the Future of Emotional Meaning?	235	(8)
References	243	(34)
Author Index	277	(9)
Subject Index	286