Communicating: A Social and Career Focus (Book alone)

by Berko, Roy M.; Wolvin, Andrew D.; Wolvin, Darlyn R.

• ISBN13: 9780205546510
• ISBN10: 020554651X
• Edition: 10th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

A mainstay among introductory communication courses,Communicating: A Social and Career Focuspresents comprehensive coverage of basic communication theory, interpersonal and group communication, and public speaking skills in a concise and student-friendly format.Communicatingcontinues to integrate culture and diversity, and places special emphasis on active learning, providing ample practice and application with "Learn by Doing" end-of-chapter exercises along with a variety of individual and grup activities, class discussions, and student self-assessments.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xii
Foundations of Communication	p. 1
The Human Communication Process	p. 2
Communication Defined	p. 4
The Components of Human Communication	p. 5
Communicator Perceptions	p. 7
The Source and the Message	p. 8
The Channel	p. 8
The Receiver and the Message	p. 9
Feedback	p. 9
Noise	p. 10
Dealing with Noise	p. 12
The Context	p. 13
Communication as a System	p. 13
Models of Human Communication	p. 15
Linear Model of Communication	p. 15
Interactional Model of Communication	p. 17
Transactional Model of Communication	p. 18
The Models Compared	p. 19
The Media as Communicator	p. 20
Communication and Culture	p. 21
Intercultural and Intracultural Communication	p. 21
Multiculturalism	p. 23
Ethnocentrism	p. 24
First Amendment Speech	p. 27
Ethics	p. 29
Communication Ethics	p. 29
Ethical Communicators	p. 30
Ethical Business Communicators	p. 31
Foundations of Verbal Language	p. 34
Origins of Human Language	p. 35
Selecting Symbols	p. 36
Processing Symbols	p. 36
Learning Symbols	p. 38
The Concept of Meaning	p. 40
The Functions of Language	p. 42
Language Distortion	p. 44
The Languages We Use	p. 45
Standard American English	p. 46
Slang	p. 47
Nonstandard English Dialects	p. 49
Using Verbal Language	p. 52
Nonverbal Communication	p. 56
Sources of Nonverbal Signs	p. 58
Neurological Programs	p. 58
Cultural and Intercultural Behavior	p. 60
Emotional Influences on Nonverbal Communication	p. 61
Verbal and Nonverbal Relationships	p. 62
Substituting Relationship	p. 62
Complementing Relationship	p. 63
Conflicting Relationship	p. 63
Accenting Relationship	p. 64
Categories of Nonverbal Communication	p. 65
Kinesics: Body Communication	p. 65
Physical Characteristics	p. 72
Proxemics: Spatial Communication	p. 74
Paravocalics: Vocal Communication	p. 77
Chronemics: Time as Communication	p. 78
Olfactics: Smell as Communication	p. 79
Aesthetics: Mood and Beauty as Communication	p. 80
Gustorics: Taste as Communication	p. 80
Using Nonverbal Communication	p. 81
Listening	p. 84
The Importance of Listening	p. 85
The Listening Process	p. 86
Reception	p. 86
Attention	p. 88
Perception	p. 90
Assignment of Meaning	p. 91
Response	p. 95
Listening Influencers	p. 97
Purposes of Listening	p. 98
Discriminative Listening	p. 99
Comprehension Listening	p. 99
Therapeutic Listening	p. 101
Critical Listening	p. 102
Appreciative Listening	p. 103
Listening Apprehension	p. 103
Improving Your Listening	p. 104
Intrapersonal Communication	p. 113
Intrapersonal Communication	p. 114
Self-Talk	p. 115
Self-Concept	p. 117
Self-Love	p. 119
Cognitive Processing	p. 119
The Self	p. 120
Understanding Yourself	p. 121
Need Drives Affecting Communication	p. 126
Survival	p. 127
Pleasure Seeking	p. 127
Security	p. 127
Territoriality	p. 128
Anxiety: Communication Apprehension	p. 129
Communication Anxiety Defined	p. 131
The Effects of Communication Anxiety	p. 132
The Causes of Communication Apprehension	p. 132
Help for Communication Apprehension	p. 133
Interpersonal Communication	p. 137
The Concepts of Interpersonal Communication	p. 138
Basic Concepts of Interpersonal Communication	p. 139
Self-Disclosure	p. 142
The Self and Others	p. 142
Seeking Approval	p. 144
Gaining Compliance	p. 145
Emotions	p. 146
Power	p. 147
Male/Masculine-Female/Feminine Communication	p. 149
Sex and Gender	p. 149
How Men and Women Communicate Differently	p. 151
Gender Communication in the Workplace	p. 154
Sexual Harassment and Bullying	p. 154
Responding to Sexual Harassment	p. 155
Bullying	p. 157
Relationships and Their Development	p. 157
Development of a Relationship	p. 157
Continuing a Relationship	p. 159
Positive Relationships	p. 160
Communication in Relationships	p. 162
Relational Conflict	p. 163
Ending Relationships	p. 163
Electronic and Computer-Mediated Interpersonal Communication	p. 164
Interpersonal Uses of the Internet	p. 165
Positive Aspects of Internet Use	p. 165
Negative Aspects of Internet Use	p. 166
Blogging	p. 169
Ways to Be a Better Interpersonal On-line Communicator	p. 171
Cell Phones	p. 173
Interpersonal Skills	p. 178
Participating in Conversations	p. 179
Conversational Presentation Skills	p. 179
Conversational Listening Skills	p. 181
Conversational Nonverbal Skills	p. 182
Giving Directions	p. 182
Giving Details	p. 182
Organizing Ideas	p. 182
Using Understandable Terms	p. 183
Requesting	p. 183
Requesting Information	p. 184
Asking Questions	p. 184
Dealing with Interpersonal Conflict	p. 185
Conflict Defined	p. 186
Causes of Conflict	p. 187
Levels of Conflict	p. 188
Role of Personal Anger in Conflict	p. 190
Dealing with Another Person's Anger in Conflict	p. 192
Fair Fighting	p. 193
Individual Approaches to Dealing with Conflict	p. 194
Apologizing	p. 197
Communication Approaches to Managing Conflict	p. 199
Assertive Communication	p. 199
Negotiation	p. 203
The Principles of Negotiation	p. 204
Negotiating Styles	p. 205
Arbitration	p. 206
Litigation	p. 207
Mediation	p. 207
Handling Criticism	p. 209
The Interview	p. 214
Interviewing Roles	p. 215
Role of the Interviewer	p. 215
Role of the Interviewee	p. 215
Interview Format	p. 216
Opening of the Interview	p. 216
Body of the Interview	p. 216
Sequence of Interview Questions	p. 218
Answering Interview Questions	p. 219
Closing the Interview	p. 220
Types of Interviews	p. 220
Employment Interview	p. 220
Information-Gathering Interview	p. 229
Problem-Solving Interview	p. 231
Oral History Interview	p. 231
Counseling Interview	p. 233
Persuasive Interview	p. 234
Appraisal Interview	p. 236
Reprimanding Interview	p. 238
Interrogation Interview	p. 239
Media Interview	p. 241
The Concepts of Groups	p. 245
Groups Defined	p. 246
Group Versus Individual Actions	p. 146
Advantages of Groups	p. 246
Disadvantages of Groups	p. 247
Types of Groups	p. 249
Work Teams	p. 249
Study Groups	p. 249
Support Groups	p. 249
Committees	p. 250
Focus Groups	p. 252
The Family as a Group	p. 252
Public Meetings	p. 253
Town Meetings	p. 254
Group Operations	p. 254
Group Norming	p. 254
Group Storming	p. 255
Group Conforming	p. 257
Group Performing	p. 257
Group Adjourning	p. 258
Making Group Decisions	p. 258
Formulating an Agenda	p. 258
Voting	p. 260
Decision-Making Techniques	p. 261
Group Setting	p. 264
Seating Choice	p. 264
Table Configuration	p. 266
Effect of the Physical Environment	p. 266
Mediated Meetings	p. 267
Types of Mediated Meetings	p. 267
Positive and Negative Aspects of Mediated Meetings	p. 268
How to Make Mediated Meetings Work	p. 270
Participating in Groups	p. 273
Cultural Differences in Groups	p. 274
Cultures and Groups	p. 274
Contrasts in Cultural Group Decision Making	p. 275
Cultural Contrast of the Role of Information for Groups	p. 277
Male and Female Roles in Groups	p. 278
The Group Participant	p. 278
Responsibilities of Group Members	p. 279
Communicating as a Group Member	p. 281
Roles of Group Members	p. 283
Communication Networks	p. 284
Dealing with Difficult Group Members	p. 286
The Group Leader and Group Leadership	p. 288
Types of Leaders	p. 290
Patterns of Leader/Leadership Emergence	p. 290
Why People Desire to Be Leaders	p. 291
Leader/Leadership: Communicative Perspective	p. 291
Effective Leader Questioning	p. 292
Responsibilities of Leaders	p. 293
Communicating in Public	p. 297
Public Speaking: Planning and Presenting the Message	p. 298
The Listenable Speech	p. 299
Preparing a Speech: An Overview	p. 300
Parameters of Public Speaking	p. 300
The Ethics of Public Speaking	p. 300
Plagiarism	p. 301
Fabrication	p. 302
Prior to the Speech Analysis	p. 302
Demographics	p. 302
Psychographics	p. 304
Rhetorographics	p. 304
Applying the Prior Analysis	p. 305
Process of the Speech Analysis	p. 309
Postspeech Analysis	p. 310
Presenting the Message	p. 310
Modes of Presentation	p. 311
Impromptu or Ad Lib Mode	p. 311
Extemporaneous Mode	p. 312
Manuscript Mode	p. 318
Memorized Mode	p. 320
Oral and Physical Presentation	p. 321
Vocal Delivery	p. 321
Vocal Variety	p. 321
Pronunciation	p. 321
Physical Elements	p. 322
Using PowerPoint	p. 324
Public Speaking Anxiety	p. 326
Conquering Public Speaking Anxiety	p. 326
Rehearsing the Speech	p. 329
Dealing with Difficulties During a Speech	p. 330
Public Speaking: Developing the Speech	p. 333
Sources of Information	p. 334
Books	p. 336
Magazines	p. 336
Newspapers	p. 336
Journals	p. 337
Indexes	p. 337
Government Pamphlets	p. 337
Special-Interest Group Publications	p. 337
Nonprint Media	p. 337
Interviews	p. 337
Computer Searches	p. 337
Computer-Based Retrieval Systems	p. 338
Conducting a Computer Search	p. 338
Use of the Internet	p. 338
Selecting Sources	p. 340
Analyzing Sources	p. 342
Recording Your Research	p. 343
Supporting Material	p. 345
Stories	p. 345
Specific Instances	p. 346
Exposition	p. 346
Statistics	p. 347
Analogies	p. 348
Testimony	p. 348
Vehicles for Presenting Supporting Material	p. 349
Internal Summaries	p. 349
Forecasting	p. 349
Signposting	p. 349
Supplementary Aids	p. 349
Computerized Graphics	p. 352
Public Speaking: Structuring the Message	p. 358
The Basic Elements of a Speech	p. 359
The Introduction	p. 359
Attention Material	p. 359
Orienting Material	p. 363
The Central Idea	p. 365
The Body	p. 365
Role of Culture on Speech Structure	p. 365
Methods of Issue Arrangement	p. 367
The Conclusion	p. 372
Summary	p. 372
Clincher	p. 373
Transition into the Question-and-Answer Session	p. 373
Methods for Formatting a Speech	p. 374
Partitioning Method	p. 374
Unfolding Method	p. 376
Case Method	p. 378
Informative Public Speaking	p. 382
Role of Informative Speaking	p. 383
Concept of Informative Speaking	p. 384
Characteristics of Informative Speaking	p. 385
Classifications of Informative Speaking	p. 385
Speeches About Objects	p. 385
Speeches About Processes	p. 387
Speeches About Events	p. 387
Speeches About Concepts	p. 387
Informative Briefings	p. 387
Team Briefings	p. 388
One-On-One Briefings	p. 388
Technical Reports	p. 388
Professional Papers	p. 389
Lectures	p. 390
Question-and-Answer Sessions	p. 392
Speeches of Introduction	p. 394
Developing the Informative Speech	p. 395
The Informative Process in Action	p. 397
Persuasive Public Speaking	p. 401
Persuasive Speaking	p. 402
Process of Persuasion	p. 402
Persuasive Strategies	p. 404
Role of Influence in Persuasion	p. 405
Components of Persuasive Message	p. 406
Speaker Credibility	p. 407
Logical Arguments	p. 409
Organizing the Persuasive Speech	p. 413
Psychological Appeals	p. 416
The Structure of the Persuasive Message	p. 420
The Persuasive Process in Action	p. 421
The Resume	p. 426
Finding a Job	p. 426
20 Seconds Is All You Get!	p. 426
The Importance of Premium Paper	p. 427
Accomplishment Statements: Selling the Sizzle!	p. 427
The Dos and Don'ts of Resume Preparation	p. 427
Action Verbs Make a Difference	p. 428
Electronic Screening of Resumes	p. 428
Skills-Based Functional Resume Format	p. 429
Chronological Resume: Action Verbs Make a Difference	p. 430
Notes	p. 431
Glossary	p. 447
Photo Credits	p. 459
Index	p. 460
Basic Rules for APA Style	p. 464
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