Community Health Nursing Promoting and Protecting the Public's Health

by Allender, Judith Ann; Spradley, Barbara Walton

• ISBN13: 9780781744492
• ISBN10: 0781744490
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-06-23
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

This comprehensive text provides unique coverage of vulnerable aggregate populations while using the levels of prevention approach. This edition will focus more on public health including health promotion and protection, increase the nursing application content, and cover the evolving issues of disaster nursing. New features include Using the Nursing Process and "Stop & Think" boxes. Also new to this edition are more discussion on the urban client and a new chapter on clients with disabilities/chronic illness. The Connection Website will provide new case studies and assessment tools. The ancillary package will include an Instructor's Resource CD-ROM with test generator, Powerpoint slides, and Instructor's Manual.

Table of Contents

Foundations of Community Health Nursing
Opportunities and Challenges of Community Health Nursing	p. 3
Community Health	p. 4
The Concept of Community	p. 6
The Concept of Health	p. 8
Components of Community Health Practice	p. 12
Characteristics of Community Health Nursing	p. 18
Summary	p. 22
Evolution of Community Health Nursing	p. 26
Historical Development of Community Health Nursing	p. 27
Societal Influences on the Development of Community Health Nursing	p. 36
Preparation for Community Health Nursing	p. 40
Summary	p. 41
Roles and Settings for Community Health Nursing Practice	p. 44
Core Public Health Functions	p. 45
Roles of Community Health Nurses	p. 46
Settings for Community Health Nursing Practice	p. 55
Summary	p. 59
Transcultural Nursing in the Community	p. 63
The Meaning of Culture	p. 64
Characteristics of Culture	p. 67
Ethnocultural Health Care Practices	p. 70
Selected Cultural Communities	p. 74
Transcultural Community Health Nursing Principles	p. 83
Summary	p. 88
Values and Ethics in Community Health Nursing	p. 92
Values	p. 93
Ethics	p. 97
Summary	p. 104
Structure and Function of Community Health Services	p. 107
Historical Influences on Health Care	p. 108
Health Care System Development in the United States	p. 109
Health Organizations in the United States	p. 112
International Health Organizations	p. 118
Significant Legislation	p. 121
Implications for Community Health Nursing	p. 126
Summary	p. 126
Economics of Health Care	p. 129
Economic Theories and Concepts	p. 130
Sources of Health Care Financing: Public and Private	p. 131
Trends and Issues Influencing Health Care Economics	p. 136
Health Care Reform Possibilities	p. 141
Effects of Health Economics on Community Health Practice	p. 145
Summary	p. 147
Public Health Principles in Community Health Nursing
Epidemiology in Community Health Care	p. 153
Historical Roots of Epidemiology	p. 154
Concepts Basic to Epidemiology	p. 156
Sources of Information for Epidemiologic Study	p. 165
Methods in the Epidemiologic Investigative Process	p. 168
Conducting Epidemiologic Research	p. 173
Summary	p. 175
Communicable Disease Control	p. 178
Basic Concepts Regarding Communicable Diseases	p. 179
Primary Prevention	p. 184
Secondary Prevention	p. 193
Major Communicable Diseases in the United States	p. 195
Global Issues in Communicable Disease Control	p. 215
Using the Nursing Process for Communicable Disease Control	p. 217
Ethical Issues in Communicable Disease Control	p. 218
Summary	p. 220
Environmental Health and Safety	p. 226
Concepts and Theories Central to Environmental Health	p. 227
Evolution of Environmental Health	p. 230
Major Global Environmental Concerns	p. 231
Strategies for Nursing Action in Environmental Health	p. 257
Summary	p. 257
Tools of Community Health Nursing
Communication, Collaboration, and Contracting	p. 265
Communication in Community Health Nursing	p. 266
Collaboration and Partnerships in Community Health Nursing	p. 271
Contracting in Community Health Nursing	p. 274
Summary	p. 279
Health Promotion Through Education: Theories, Models, and Tools	p. 282
Domains of Learning	p. 284
Learning Theories	p. 287
Health Teaching Models	p. 290
Teaching at Three Levels of Prevention	p. 292
Effective Teaching	p. 293
Summary	p. 302
The Community Health Nurse as Leader, Change Agent, and Case Manager	p. 305
What Is Leadership?	p. 306
Leadership Theories	p. 307
Leadership Styles	p. 309
Leadership Functions	p. 310
Power and Leadership	p. 312
The Nature of Change	p. 314
Planned/Managed Change	p. 316
Case Management in Community Health Nursing	p. 323
Leadership Roles of Community Health Nurses	p. 323
Summary	p. 325
Research in Community Health Nursing	p. 329
Quantitative and Qualitative Research	p. 330
Steps in the Research Process	p. 331
Impact of Research on Community Health and Nursing Practice	p. 340
The Community Health Nurse's Role in Research	p. 342
Summary	p. 343
Quality Measurement and Improvement in Community Health Nursing	p. 347
Terminology of Quality Improvement and Management	p. 348
Factors Affecting Quality Measurement and Improvement	p. 348
Models for Quality Management and Improvement	p. 351
Quality Measurement and Improvement Techniques	p. 354
Quality Measurement and Improvement in Community Health Nursing	p. 359
Summary	p. 363
Policy Making and Community Health Advocacy	p. 367
Policy Making	p. 368
Community Health Advocacy	p. 377
The Legislative Process and Influencing Legislation	p. 379
Summary	p. 385
Community as Client
Theoretical Basis of Community Health Nursing	p. 391
When the Client Is a Community: Characteristics of Community Health Nursing Practice	p. 392
Theories and Models for Community Health Nursing Practice	p. 393
Tenets of Public Health Nursing Applied to Community Health Nursing	p. 396
Societal Influences on Community-Oriented, Population-Focused Nursing	p. 399
Summary	p. 402
The Community as Client: Assessment and Diagnosis	p. 405
Factors Opposed to the Concept of Community	p. 406
Dimensions of the Community as Client	p. 407
Community Dynamics	p. 413
Types of Community Needs Assessment	p. 416
Community Assessment Methods	p. 418
Sources of Community Data	p. 419
Data Analysis and Diagnosis	p. 422
What Is a Healthy Community?	p. 424
Summary	p. 425
Planning, Intervention, and Evaluation of Health Care in Communities	p. 428
Nursing Process Components Applied to Community as Client	p. 429
Planning to Meet the Health Needs in the Community	p. 431
Implementing Plans for Promoting the Health of Aggregates in the Community	p. 434
Evaluating Implemented Aggregate Health Plans	p. 436
Nursing Process Characteristics Applied to Community as Client	p. 439
The Community Health Nurse as Catalyst for Community Development	p. 440
Summary	p. 442
Communities in Crisis: Disasters, Group Violence, and Terrorism	p. 445
Disasters	p. 446
Group Violence	p. 457
Terrorism	p. 462
Summary	p. 465
The Global Community: International Health Concerns	p. 468
International Health Care Systems	p. 469
Global Health Agencies	p. 470
Health for All: A Primary Health Care Initiative	p. 473
Global Health Concerns	p. 475
The Role of Nurses in Global Health	p. 485
Summary	p. 486
The Family as Client
Theoretical Bases for Promoting Family Health	p. 495
Universal Characteristics of Families	p. 497
Attributes of Families as Social Systems	p. 497
Family Culture	p. 500
Family Structures	p. 501
Family Functions	p. 506
Family Life Cycle	p. 508
Emerging Family Patterns	p. 509
Summary	p. 512
Assessment of Families	p. 515
Effects of Family Health on Individuals and Communities	p. 516
Characteristics of Healthy Families	p. 517
Family Health Practice Guidelines	p. 521
Family Health Assessment	p. 524
Guidelines for Family Health Assessment	p. 532
Summary	p. 536
Planning, Intervening, and Evaluating Health Care for Families	p. 539
Nursing Process Components Applied to Families as Clients	p. 540
Planning to Meet the Health Needs of Families During Home Visits	p. 542
Implementing Plans for Promoting the Health of Families	p. 547
Evaluating Implemented Family Health Plans	p. 551
Summary	p. 553
Families in Crisis: Facing Violence from Within and Outside the Family	p. 556
Dynamics and Characteristics of a Crisis	p. 557
History of Family Violence	p. 560
Family Violence Against Children	p. 562
Partner/Spousal Violence	p. 568
Mistreatment of Elders	p. 572
Other Forms of Family Violence	p. 573
Levels of Prevention: Crisis Intervention and Family Violence	p. 574
Families Facing Violence From Outside the Family	p. 578
Methods of Intervention	p. 578
Role of the Community Health Nurse in Caring for Families in Crisis	p. 580
Summary	p. 583
Promoting and Protecting the Health of Aggregates With Developmental Needs
Maternal, Prenatal, and Newborn Populations	p. 595
Health Status and Needs of Pregnant Women and Infants	p. 596
Planning for the Health of Maternal-Infant Populations	p. 610
Health Programs for Maternal-Infant Populations	p. 610
Summary	p. 618
Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers	p. 622
Global View of Infant, Toddler, and Preschool Health	p. 623
Health Problems of Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers	p. 625
Health Services for Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers	p. 631
Role of the Community Health Nurse	p. 638
Summary	p. 638
School-Age Children and Adolescents	p. 642
Health Problems of School-Age Children	p. 643
Health Problems of Adolescents	p. 652
Health Services for School-Age Children and Adolescents	p. 656
Role of the School Nurse	p. 662
Summary	p. 668
Adult Women, Men, and Occupational Health	p. 677
Women's Health	p. 678
Healthy People 2010 Goals for Women	p. 686
Role of the Community Health Nurse	p. 687
Men's Health	p. 688
Healthy People 2010 Goals for Men	p. 693
Role of the Community Health Nurse	p. 693
Demographics of Adult Clients--Male and Female	p. 694
Life Expectancy	p. 694
Major Health Problems of Adults	p. 695
Evolution of Occupational Health	p. 696
Environmental Work Factors	p. 699
Work-Related Health Problems	p. 702
Occupational Health Programs	p. 703
Role of the Occupational and Environmental Health Nurse	p. 706
Summary	p. 710
Older Adults: Aging in Place	p. 713
Health Status of Older Adults	p. 714
Dispelling Ageism	p. 716
Health Needs of Older Adults	p. 719
Approaches to Older Adult Care	p. 731
Health Services for Older Adult Populations	p. 731
The Community Health Nurse in an Aging America	p. 735
Summary	p. 736
Promoting and Protecting the Health of Vulnerable Aggregates
Rural Health Care	p. 743
Definitions and Demographics	p. 744
Population Characteristics	p. 745
Rural Populations at Risk	p. 747
Rural Health Issues	p. 751
Rural Community Health Nursing	p. 755
Summary	p. 758
Urban Health Care, Poverty, and Homelessness	p. 761
History of Urban Health Care Issues	p. 762
Urban Health Disparity	p. 762
Social Justice and the Community Health Nurse	p. 763
Who Are the Poor?	p. 763
Politics and Ethics of Poverty	p. 767
Health Effects of Poverty	p. 769
Homelessness in America	p. 772
Global Poverty: The Developing Nations	p. 774
Role of the Community Health Nurse	p. 775
Summary	p. 779
Migrant Families and Seasonal Workers	p. 783
Migrant Farmworkers: Profile of a Nomadic Aggregate	p. 784
Health Risks of Migrant Workers and Their Families	p. 788
Common Health Problems	p. 792
Barriers to Health Care	p. 798
The Role of Community Health Nurses in Caring for a Mobile Workforce	p. 800
Summary	p. 805
Clients With Disabilities and Chronic Illnesses	p. 809
Perspectives on Disability, Chronic Illness, and Health	p. 811
Civil Rights Legislation	p. 815
Organizations Serving the Needs of the Disabled and Chronically III	p. 817
Health Promotion and Prevention Needs of the Disabled and Chronically III	p. 819
Families With a Disabled or Chronically III Member	p. 821
The Role of the Community Health Nurse	p. 824
Summary	p. 825
Clients With Mental Health Issues and Addictions	p. 828
Community Mental Health in Perspective	p. 829
Epidemiology of Mental Disorders	p. 833
Interventions for Community Mental Health	p. 836
Mental Health Promotion	p. 842
Role of the Community Mental Health Nurse	p. 842
Addiction	p. 844
An Overview of Addiction	p. 845
Problems Related to Addiction	p. 849
Alcohol Addiction	p. 855
Tobacco Addiction	p. 858
Other Central Nervous System Depressants	p. 859
Stimulants	p. 860
Gambling	p. 862
Other Addictions	p. 864
Globalization of Addiction Problems	p. 864
Summary	p. 864
Clients in Correctional Facilities	p. 868
Basic Concepts in Correctional Health Care	p. 869
Evolution of Correctional Health Care	p. 871
Ethical Issues in Correctional Health Care	p. 872
Health Care Considerations	p. 874
Women in Prison	p. 876
Role of the Community Health Nurse	p. 878
Summary	p. 881
Clients Receiving Home Health and Hospice Care	p. 885
An Overview of Home Care	p. 886
Agencies, Personnel, and Reimbursement	p. 888
Medicare Criteria for Home Care Services	p. 890
Medicare's Prospective Payment System	p. 891
An Overview of Hospice Care	p. 891
The Evolution of Hospice Care	p. 893
Hospice Settings, Team Members, and Reimbursement	p. 893
Role of the Community Health Nurse in Home Health and Hospice Care	p. 897
Summary	p. 899
Glossary	p. 903
Index	p. 919
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