Community Organizing and Development

by Rubin, Herbert J.; Rubin, Irene S.

• ISBN13: 9780205408139
• ISBN10: 0205408133
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-02-20
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

This revised edition of a well-known and widely used text in community organizing and development fully examines the broad and changing political and social settings that influence actions; while portraying the infra-structure of social change -- the knowledge, personnel, and organizations -- that enable such work to be successfully accomplished. The text brings together the practicalities of organizing and development -- fund raising, working out news releases, running an organization, orchestrating political actions, academic knowledge -- and explains why various approaches work; as well as the values and ideologies that guide what is to be done. It provides the foundations of organizing and development work and then describes how activists -- through following either a social confrontation model or an economic and social production approach -- can respond to economic and social problems.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. x
Progressive Organizing	p. 1
Organizing and Development for Progressive Social Change	p. 3
Progressive Organizing	p. 5
Accomplishing Social Change Through Organizing and Development Efforts	p. 5
Why People Must Organize	p. 6
Shared Characteristics of a Variety of Approaches to Progressive Organizing	p. 11
Conclusions	p. 17
A World of Action: A World of Hope	p. 19
An Activist's Tour of the World of Social Change: Activities and Accomplishments	p. 19
Grasping What Has Been Seen: Building toward an Infrastructure for Social Change	p. 26
An Infrastructure for Collective Action and Social Change	p. 27
Conclusion	p. 32
Models for Implementing Progressive Social Change: Commonalities, Differences, and Reconciliations	p. 33
Grouping Social Change Actions by Goals and Purposes	p. 33
Families of Empowerment Tactics	p. 36
Categorizing the Variety of Social Change Models	p. 36
Tensions between Advocates of Separate Organizing Models	p. 55
Conclusions	p. 58
The Three Pillars of Progressive Organizing	p. 59
Empowering Individuals	p. 61
The Battle for Personal Empowerment	p. 62
Combating Personal Disempowerment	p. 70
Conclusion	p. 74
Building Community to Create Capacity for Change	p. 75
The Variety of Community Bonds	p. 75
Building and Strengthening Communities: The Path from Social Bonds to Social Action	p. 77
Conclusion: Community Building for Collective Empowerment	p. 89
Empowering through Building Progressive Organizations	p. 91
How Progressive Organizations Structurally Compare with Their Mainstream Cousins	p. 91
How Social Change Organizations Empower and Build Capacity	p. 96
Tensions That Occur in Building Empowered Organizations	p. 99
Conclusion	p. 105
Problems, Programs, and Precedents	p. 107
Social Problems and Public Policy	p. 109
Understanding Social Problems as Contested Framings	p. 109
Social Problems: Structural or Personal?	p. 111
Problems and Agency	p. 112
Social Problems, Public Policies, and Organizing	p. 113
Clusters of Problems	p. 117
Conclusions and Implications for Organizing Work	p. 127
Intersecting Histories: Community Organizing, Issue Mobilization, and Social Movements	p. 129
A Brief Overview of the History of Social Activism and the Neighborhood Movement	p. 130
Lessons from the History of Organizing for Social Change	p. 140
Conclusions	p. 144
Learning about Personal, Community, and Social Needs through Action Research	p. 145
Social Implications of Action Research	p. 146
Undertaking Social Action Research	p. 148
The Overall Flow of a Research Project	p. 149
Data-Gathering Techniques	p. 152
Data Analysis and Presentation	p. 165
Conclusion	p. 167
Building Capacity to Initiate Collective Action	p. 169
Activists, Organizers, and Social Change Professionals	p. 171
A Variety of Social Change Professionals	p. 172
Why and How Do a Variety of People Become Activists and Organizers?	p. 173
The Tasks of Organizers and Social Change Professionals	p. 177
Learning to Be a Social Change Professional	p. 186
Social Change Work as a Career	p. 189
Conclusion: Social Change Work as Both a Calling and a Profession	p. 191
Creating Capacity through Effective Organizational Administration	p. 192
Defining the Mission	p. 192
Structuring the Organization	p. 193
Personnel	p. 195
Personnel Management	p. 198
Fund-Raising	p. 199
Professional Fiscal Practices	p. 209
Organizational Planning	p. 211
Conclusion	p. 212
Expanding Capacity through Empowering, Participatory Meetings	p. 213
Encouraging Involvement in Meetings by Creating a Flavor of Success	p. 213
Meetings with Large-Scale Involvement	p. 218
Instructional Meetings and Sessions	p. 220
Focused Decision-Making Meetings	p. 222
Interorganizational Committee Meetings	p. 229
Conclusion	p. 229
Building Capacity by Working with the Support Sector	p. 231
A Wide Array of Support Organizations and Support Networks	p. 231
Capacity Building through Working with Support Organizations	p. 237
Conclusion	p. 248
Compelling Change through Social Mobilization	p. 249
An Overview to Social Mobilization Campaigns	p. 251
Power and Social Mobilization Campaigns	p. 253
Understanding the Environment in Which Social Mobilization Campaigns Occur	p. 264
Keeping Up Morale over the Long Run	p. 264
Reflect upon Progressive Values during Social Mobilization Campaigns	p. 265
Conclusions: Strategic Planning and Action Campaigns	p. 268
Mobilizing Individuals and Groups	p. 270
Understanding Mobilization	p. 270
Mobilization Tactics and Processes	p. 277
Mobilization in a Multicultural Society	p. 288
Conclusion	p. 290
Influencing the Public Sector: Civic and Administrative Engagement	p. 291
Understanding Governmental Structures and Policy Making	p. 291
Tactics for Civil and Regulatory Engagement	p. 299
Constraints on Political Participation	p. 315
Conclusion	p. 316
Compelling Change through Power Tactics	p. 317
Shared Characteristics of Power and Confrontational Approaches to Social Change	p. 320
Applying Power Tactics	p. 326
Conclusions and Concerns about Confrontational Actions	p. 346
Tools for Strengthening Social Mobilization Campaigns: Lawyers and Litigation, Publicity and the Mass Media, Negotiations	p. 348
Lawyers and Litigation	p. 348
Obtaining Publicity	p. 351
Negotiations	p. 359
Conclusion	p. 365
Social Action: Magnifying Power through Coalitions	p. 367
The Variety of Coalitions	p. 368
Advantages of Being within a Coalition	p. 370
Establishing and Maintaining Coalitions	p. 373
Campaigns Orchestrated by Support Coalition Organizations	p. 376
Conclusion	p. 382
Implementing Change through the Community Economic Development and Social Production Approach	p. 385
An Introduction to the Community Economic and Social Production Model	p. 387
Guiding Principles for Community Economic and Social Production Work	p. 389
Organizational Forms and Community Economic and Social Production Work	p. 392
Illustrations of Community Economic and Social Production Work	p. 394
Advocates for Progressive Programs that Expand Economic and Social Capacity	p. 394
Concerns Raised by Community Economic and Social Production Work	p. 404
Conclusion and Summary	p. 408
Skills for Accomplishing Economic and Social Production Work	p. 409
Planning	p. 409
Financing Projects and Services	p. 414
Project Implementation: Development	p. 419
Project Implementation: Management and Administration	p. 426
Evaluation and Monitoring of Economic and Social Production Work	p. 429
Conclusion	p. 432
Epilogue: Working toward a Progressive Society	p. 433
Reflection and Organizing	p. 433
Tensions and Reconciliations	p. 434
Where Do We Go from Here?	p. 440
Bibliography	p. 444
Index	p. 464
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