Community-Based Nursing : An Introduction

by McEwen

• ISBN13: 9780721694436
• ISBN10: 0721694438
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-07-25
• Publisher: Saunders

Summary

This practical and concise text presents the essential information necessary for nursing care in community settings including homes, doctors' offices, clinics, schools, and work sites. It is written from a health promotion and illness prevention perspective. Community-based care for the major population groups across the lifespan are addressed. Content on nursing care settings, roles, and interventions is addressed to provide the information needed to practice throughout the community. Chapters about all ages of the lifespan children and adolescents, adults, and the elderly highlight issues unique to each age group. A chapter on women's health discusses health care specific to women. A chapter on communicable disease provides timely information on bioterrorism, as well as other important issues related to communicable diseases. A chapter on environmental health emphasizes the importance of this key subject. A Case Study at the beginning of each chapter presents a "real-life" clinical example related to the chapter topic. Key Points summarize the most important concepts in each chapter. Learning Activities and Application to Practice exercises provide the opportunity to apply chapter concepts in the classroom and in clinical settings.

Table of Contents

Unit One Foundations of Community-Based Nursing Practice	1	(84)
Opportunities in Community-Based Nursing Practice	3	(11)
Community-Based Health Care and Nursing Practice	5	(1)
Community-Based Nursing and Community Health Nursing	6	(1)
Education Focus	6	(1)
Differentiated Practice Issues	7	(1)
Employment Opportunities in Community Settings	7	(2)
Current Trends in Nursing Employment	7	(1)
Employment Opportunities	8	(1)
Characteristics of Community-Based Nursing	9	(1)
National Health Goals	10	(4)
Roles and Interventions in Community-Based Nursing Practice	14	(14)
Nursing Roles in Community Settings	15	(5)
Direct Care Provider	15	(1)
Educator	16	(1)
Counselor	17	(1)
Advocate	17	(1)
Manager	17	(1)
Other Roles in Community-Based Nursing	18	(2)
Comparison of Nursing Roles in Hospitals and Community Settings	20	(1)
Nursing Interventions in Community Settings	20	(8)
``Universal'' Nursing Interventions	20	(2)
Nursing Interventions in Acute Care	22	(1)
Nursing Interventions Frequently Used in Community Practice	22	(6)
Nursing Care in Ambulatory Settings	28	(26)
Nursing Practice in Selected Settings	30	(14)
Health Care Provider Office or Clinic	31	(1)
Schools	32	(4)
Occupational Health	36	(2)
Rural Health	38	(3)
Parish Nursing	41	(1)
Correctional Institutions	42	(2)
Nursing Practice with Selected Populations	44	(5)
Public Health Departments	44	(1)
Ambulatory Oncology Care	45	(1)
Ambulatory Surgery	46	(3)
Nursing Care in ``Other'' Ambulatory Settings	49	(5)
Home Health Care Nursing	54	(31)
History of Home Health Care Delivery and Financing	55	(2)
Definitions Related to Home Health Care	57	(1)
Standards and Credentialing for Home Health Nursing	58	(1)
Home Health Care Reimbursement and Documentation	58	(2)
Home Health Care Documentation	59	(1)
Elements of Home Care Nursing Practice	60	(3)
Discharge Planning	60	(1)
Case Management	60	(2)
Coordination of Community Resources	62	(1)
Interdisciplinary Collaboration	62	(1)
The Process of Home Health Nursing	63	(8)
Planning for the Home Health Nursing Visit	64	(3)
The Home Visit Activities	67	(3)
Postvisit Activities	70	(1)
Specialized Home Health Care	71	(14)
Infusion Therapy	71	(2)
Wound Management	73	(1)
Care of Ventilator-Dependent Clients	74	(1)
Perinatal Home Care	74	(2)
Psychiatric Home Care	76	(1)
Hospice Care: Home Care of the Terminally Ill	77	(8)
Unit Two Factors That Influence Health and Health Care	85	(100)
Overview of the Health Care Delivery System	87	(23)
Structure of the Health Care Delivery System	88	(9)
Public Sector	89	(1)
Private Sector	89	(8)
Health Care Provider Organizations	97
Ambulatory Health Care	91	(1)
Hospitals	92	(1)
Long-Term Care Facilities	92	(3)
Health Care Professionals	95	(3)
Physicians, Physician Assistants, and Dentists	95	(1)
Nurses	96	(1)
Therapists	97	(1)
Other Health Care Providers	97	(1)
Health Care Financing	98	(7)
The High Cost of Health Care!	99	(1)
Public Financing	100	(3)
Private Financing	103	(2)
Caring for the Uninsured	105	(5)
Epidemiology	110	(18)
Models of Disease Causation	112	(5)
The Epidemiological Triangle	113	(1)
The Web of Causation	114	(1)
The Iceberg Model	115	(1)
Natural History of Disease	116	(1)
Levels of Prevention	116	(1)
Epidemiological Tools	117	(5)
Rates---Description, Calculation, and Interpretation	117	(3)
Collection of Data: The Census Vital Statistics, and Health Statistics	120	(2)
Descriptive and Analytical Epidemiology	122	(6)
Descriptive Epidemiology	122	(1)
Analytical Epidemiology	122	(6)
Environmental Health Issues	128	(30)
Housing and Living Patterns	131	(5)
Indoor Air Quality	132	(1)
Lead Exposure	133	(3)
Work Risks	136	(1)
Atmospheric Quality	137	(4)
Ozone Depletion	141	(1)
Water Quality	141	(3)
Microbial Contamination	141	(1)
Chemical and Metal Contaminants	142	(1)
Community and Nursing Interventions	143	(1)
Food Quality	144	(3)
Microbiological Contamination	144	(1)
Intentional Food Additives	144	(2)
Unintentional (Incidental) Food Additives	146	(1)
Other Issues in Food Quality	147	(1)
Waste Control	147	(2)
Solid Waste Management	147	(1)
Toxic and Hazardous Waste Control	147	(2)
Landfills	149	(1)
Incineration	149	(1)
Radiation Risks	149	(3)
Radon Gas	150	(1)
Ultraviolet Radiation and Skin Cancer	151	(1)
Signs, Symptoms, and Detection of Skin Cancer	151	(1)
Environmental Health and Nursing Practice	152	(6)
Cultural Influences on Health	158	(27)
Transcultural Nursing	159	(2)
Culture and Related Concepts	161	(2)
Race	162	(1)
Ethnic Group	162	(1)
Culture	163	(1)
Characteristics of Culture	163	(2)
Cultural Assessment	165	(1)
Cultural Values	165	(1)
Socioeconomic Status	165	(2)
Language and Communication	167	(2)
Language	167	(2)
Communication Patterns	169	(1)
Diet and Nutrition	169	(1)
Religion	169	(1)
Cultural Variations in Health and Illness	170	(6)
African-Americans	170	(4)
Native Americans, Including Aleuts and Inuits	174	(1)
Asians and Pacific Islanders	174	(1)
Whites (Americans of European Descent)	175	(1)
Hispanic, or Latino, Americans (All Races)	175	(1)
Principles for Nursing Practice in Community Settings	176	(4)
Appendix 8-A: Andrews/Boyle Transcultural Nursing Assessment Guide	180	(5)
Unit Three Community-Based Nursing Care Across the Life Span	185	(182)
Health Promotion and Illness Prevention for Infants, Children, and Adolescents	187	(47)
The Health of Infants, Children, and Adolescents	188	(2)
Causes of Mortality	189	(1)
Causes of Morbidity	189	(1)
Other Indicators of Health	189	(1)
Special Health Programs and Services for Children	190	(2)
Medicaid and the Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment Program	190	(1)
State Children's Health Insurance Program	191	(1)
Women, Infants, and Children Program	192	(1)
Head Start	192	(1)
Education for All Handicapped Children Act	192	(1)
Primary Health Care Recommendations: U.S. Preventative Services Task Force	192	(27)
Screening Recommendations and Guidelines	193	(7)
Health Promotion	200	(6)
Illness Prevention and Health Protection	206	(13)
Nursing Care for Common Health Problems	219	(15)
Health Promotion and Illness Prevention for Adults	234	(34)
Causes of Death	236	(1)
Health Promotion and Illness Prevention	236	(1)
Assessment of Health Risks and Health Habits	237	(1)
Physical Activity and Fitness	237	(3)
Nutrition and Weight Control	240	(4)
Lowering Fat and Cholesterol Intake	242	(1)
Vitamins and Minerals	242	(2)
Tobacco Use	244	(1)
Smoking Cessation	245	(1)
Health Task Force Recommendations-Illness Prevention	245	(3)
Primary and Secondary Prevention of Selected Conditions	248	(13)
Heart Disease and Stroke	248	(2)
Cancer	250	(1)
Diabetes	251	(10)
Appendix 10-A: Healthstyle: A Self-test	261	(4)
Appendix 10-B: Healthy Heart I.Q.	265	(3)
Issues in Women's Health Care	268	(32)
Family Planning	269	(2)
Contraception	271	(1)
Prenatal Care	271	(7)
Risk Identification and Case Management	276	(1)
Nutrition Counseling	276	(2)
Elimination of Unhealthy Habits	278	(4)
Stress Reduction	279	(1)
Social Support Services	279	(1)
Health Education	279	(1)
Prenatal Screening	279	(3)
Infant Care	282	(4)
Infant Nutrition	282	(1)
Sleeping	283	(1)
Bathing and Cord Care	284	(1)
Dressing and Diapering	285	(1)
Stooling and Voiding Patterns	286	(1)
Observing for Complications	286	(1)
Infertility	286	(2)
Teenage Pregnancy	288	(3)
Consequences	288	(1)
Contributing Factors	289	(1)
Counseling Teenagers on Issues of Sexuality	289	(1)
Prenatal Care for Pregnant Teens	289	(1)
Postdelivery Needs	290	(1)
Women's Health Care	291	(3)
Screening Recommendations for Breast Cancer	291	(1)
Screening Recommendations for Cancers of the Female Reproductive Tract	292	(1)
Prevention of Osteoporosis	293	(1)
Domestic Violence	294	(6)
Health Promotion and Illness Prevention for Elders	300	(38)
Assessment of Older Adults	304	(1)
General Assessment	304	(1)
Common Health Problems	305	(1)
Nutrition	305	(1)
Promoting Functional Independence	305	(16)
Hearing Deficits	315	(1)
Vision Deficits	315	(2)
Cognitive Impairment	317	(2)
Depression	319	(1)
Incontinence	320	(1)
Health Promotion and Illness Prevention	321	(1)
Preventative Services Guidelines	321	(1)
Immunization Recommendations	321	(1)
Safety Concerns for Older Adults	322	(6)
Falls	322	(2)
Compliance with Medication	324	(1)
Elder Abuse	324	(4)
Care Assistance for Older Adults	328	(6)
Appendix 12-A: Comprehensive Older Person's Evaluation (COPE)	334	(4)
Health Promotion and Illness Prevention for Families	338	(29)
The Concept of Family	340	(5)
Definitions of Family	340	(1)
Types of Families	341	(2)
Characteristics of Families	343	(1)
Purposes of Families	344	(1)
Roles in the Family	344	(1)
Developmental Stages of Families	345	(1)
Establishment Stage (Beginning Family)	346	(1)
Early Childbearing Stage	346	(1)
Families with Preschool Children	346	(1)
Families with School-Age Children	346	(1)
Families with Adolescents	346	(1)
Launching Families	346	(1)
Middle-Age Families	346	(1)
Aging Families	346	(1)
Family Health	346	(5)
Healthy People 2010 and Family Health	347	(1)
Characteristics of Healthy Families	347	(1)
Characteristics of Unhealthy Families	348	(2)
Family Crisis	350	(1)
Nursing Care of Families	351	(1)
Family Nursing	351	(1)
Family Nursing Interventions	352	(1)
Family Assessment	352	(2)
Family Health Assessment Tools	352	(2)
Genogram	354	(1)
Family Health Tree	354	(1)
Ecomap	354	(1)
Application of the Nursing Process to Caring for Families	354	(7)
Assessment	356	(1)
Analysis and Diagnosis	356	(1)
Intervention	357	(1)
Evaluation	358	(3)
Appendix 13-A: Family Health Assessment	361	(6)
Unit Four Nursing Care of Clients with Special Needs in Community Settings	367
Vulnerable Groups	369
Vulnerable Groups	370
Persons in Severe Poverty	373
Definition of Poverty	373
Homelessness	374
Migrant Workers	377
Persons With Disabilities	380
Definitions Related to Disability	381
Characteristics of Disabled Persons	382
Major Legislation Related to Disabilities	382
Victims of Disasters	383
Impact of a Disaster	384
Disaster Management	386
Disaster Planning	387
Role of the Nurse During Disasters	388
The Nurse and Disaster Preparedness	389
Mental Health Issues	395
Mental Health and Mental Illness	399
Depression	399
Risk Factors and Symptoms	400
Depression in Children and Adolescents	401
Treatment	401
Anxiety Disorders	402
Generalized Anxiety Disorder	403
Panic Disorder	404
Phobias	404
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder	405
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder	406
Eating Disorders	406
Bulimia Nervosa	406
Anorexia Nervosa	407
Treatment	407
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	407
Substance Abuse	409
Alcohol Abuse	410
Illicit Drug Use	410
Risk Factors for Substance Abuse	410
Signs and Symptoms of Substance Abuse	410
Treatment for Substance Abuse	410
Suicide	415
Identification of Mental Disorders	415
Treatment of Mental Disorders	417
Psychotherapeutic Medications	417
Psychotherapy	422
Behavioral Therapy	423
Communicable Disease: Prevention and Intervention	427
Communicable Disease Transmission	429
Reportable Communicable Diseases	431
Reportable Diseases	431
Who is Responsible for Reporting	431
What Information is Required	431
How, When, and to Whom to Report	431
Steps Taken to Control Spread	431
Identifying Communicable Diseases	432
Incidence of Selected Reportable Diseases	432
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases	443
Immunity	444
Immunization Schedule	444
Immunization Standards	444
Contraindications	446
Parental Education and Consent	446
Documentation	447
Reporting Adverse Vaccine Events	447
Adult Immunization	447
Sexually Transmitted Diseases	447
Primary Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases	449
Secondary Prevention and Sexually Transmitted Diseases	449
Trends in Incidence and Prevention of Selected Communicable Diseases	449
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Human Immunodeficiency Virus	449
Tuberculosis	453
Hepatitis B	454
Emerging Infections	455
International Travel	457