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Preface
0 The Sounds of English
0.1 Phonetic Symbols
0.2 The Vocal Tract
0.3 English Consonants
0.4 English Vowels
0.5 Transcription
1 English Present and Future
1.1 Questions for Review
2 The Indo-European Family of Languages
2.1 Questions for Review
2.2 Grimm’s Law (§14)
2.3 The Indo-European Family (§§15–24)
2.4 The Indo-Europeans (§26)
3 Old English
3.1 Questions for Review
3.2 Old English Consonants (§38)
3.3 Old English Vowels (§38)
3.4 Old English Suprasegmentals
3.5 Old English Cases (§40)
3.6 Old English Nouns (§§41–42)
3.7 Nouns in Sentences (§41)
3.8 Old English Adjectives (§43)
3.9 Old English Pronouns (§45)
3.10 Old English Strong Verbs (§46)
3.11 Old English Syntax and Meter (§51)
3.12 The Language Illustrated (§47)
Ælfric,
West Saxon Gospels,
Ohthere’s Voyage,
4 Foreign Influences on Old English
4.1 Questions for Review
4.2 Dating Latin Loanwords through Sound Changes (§57)
i-Umlaut,
Breaking,
4.3 Scandinavian Loanwords (§§72, 75–76)
5 The Norman Conquest and the Subjection of English, 1066–1200
5.1 Questions for Review
6 The Reestablishment of English, 1200–1500
6.1 Questions for Review
7 Middle English
7.1 Questions for Review
7.2 From Old to Middle English: Vowels (§112)
7.2.1 Changes in the Old English Vowels,
7.2.2 Formation of New Diphthongs,
7.2.3 Lengthening and Shortening,
7.3 From Old to Middle English: Consonants (§112)
7.4 From Old English to Middle English: Vowel Reduction, Morphology,
and Syntax in the Peterborough Chronicle (§§113, 123)
7.5 Chaucer’s Pronunciation
7.6 Middle English Nouns (§114)
7.7 Middle English Adjectives (§115)
7.8 Middle English Personal Pronouns (§116)
7.9 Strong and Weak Verbs in Middle English (§§117–121)
7.10 Middle English Verbal Inflections (§117)
7.11 Middle English Dialects (§148 and Appendix A)
7.12 A Middle English Manuscript
7.13 The Language Illustrated
The Wycliffe Bible,
Chaucer,
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,
8 The Renaissance, 1500–1650
8.1 Questions for Review
8.2 The Great Vowel Shift (§154)
8.3 Dictionaries of Hard Words (§174)
8.4 Shakespeare’s Pronunciation (§177)
8.5 Nouns (§180)
8.6 Adjectives (§181)
8.7 Pronouns (§182)
8.8 Prepositions (§184)
8.9 Strong and Weak Verbs (§183)
8.10 Questions, Negatives, and the Auxiliary Do (§183)
8.11 The Language Illustrated
King James Bible,
Shakespeare,
9 The Appeal to Authority, 1650–1800
9.1 Questions for Review
9.2 Johnson’s Dictionary (§197)
9.3 Universal Grammar (§198)
10 The Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
10.1 Questions for Review
10.2 Self-Explaining Compounds (§217)
10.3 Coinages (§220)
10.4 Slang (§225)
10.5 English World-Wide (§229)
10.6 Pidgins and Creoles (§230)
10.7 Gender Issues and Pronominal Change (§233)
10.8 The Language Illustrated (§§228–229)
Geordie,
Scots,
Jamaican English,
English in Asia and Africa,
11 The English Language in America
11.1 Questions for Review
11.2 The American Dialects (§250)
11.3 African American Vernacular English: Phonology (§250)
11.4 African American Vernacular English: Grammar (§250)
11.5 Present Differentiation of Vocabulary (§253)
11.6 Dictionary of American Regional English, DARE (§255)
11.7 The Language Illustrated (§250)
Appalachian English,
African American Vernacular English,
Hawaiian English,
12 The Twenty-First Century
12.1 Questions for Review
