Companion Encyclopedia of Geography

by Douglas, Ian

• ISBN13: 9780415074179
• ISBN10: 0415074177
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1996-10-01
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

The Companion Encyclopedia of Geography provides an authoritative and provocative source of reference for all those concerned with the earth and its people. This Companion examines both physical and human geography, and the relationship between the two. An international team of forty-seven geographers, all recognized figures in their discipline, chart the development of humankind's diverse habitat and the social and economic activities within that habitat up to the present day, and look to the future. The work is divided into six parts: A differentiated world * A world transformed by the growth of a global economy * The global scale of habitat modification * A world of questions * Changing worlds, changing geographies * Geographical futures The forty-five self-contained chapters are bound into a unifying whole by the editors' general and part introductions; each chapter provides details of the most useful sources of further reading and research, and the volume concludes with a comprehensive index. This isan invaluable resource not only for students, teachers and researchers, but also for professionals in commercial and public sector organizations.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
The Contributors	xiii
General Introduction	1	(10)
Richard Huggett
Mike Robinson
PART I: A DIFFERENTIATED WORLD
Introduction	11	(4)
Richard Huggett
Mike Robinson
Planet Earth	15	(29)
Cliff D. Ollier
The ever-changing climate	44	(23)
Andrew Goudie
The biosphere	67	(19)
Alfred G. Fischer
Human evolution	86	(21)
Bernard Wood
The geography of language	107	(13)
William C. Brice
Religion: nature and origins	120	(17)
E. Geoffrey Parrinder
The modification of the earth by humans in pre-industrial times	137	(25)
I. G. Simmons
PART II: A WORLD TRANSFORMED BY THE GROWTH OF A GLOBAL ECONOMY
Introduction	159	(3)
Richard Huggett
Mike Robinson
European Settlement, 1450--1750	162	(20)
Len Guelke
Jeanne Kay
European expansion and land cover transformation	182	(24)
Michael Williams
The origins of the capitalist world economy	206	(22)
John Langton
Industrialization and world agriculture	228	(21)
Brian W. Ilbery
Ian R. Bowler
Changes in global demography	249	(25)
John I. Clarke
Origins of modern environmentalism	274	(19)
J. M. Powell
The saviour city: beneficial effects of urbanization in England and Wales	293	(17)
Brian T. Robson
From a `cultural' world to a `political' one	310	(22)
Paul Claval
PART III: THE GLOBAL SCALE OF HABITAT MODIFICATION
Introduction	329	(3)
Richard Huggett
Mike Robinson
Unity and division in global political geography	332	(21)
Peter Taylor
The geography of conflicts and the prospects for peace	353	(17)
John O'Loughlin
A new `geo-economy': patterns, processes, problems	370	(21)
Peter Dicken
Third World urbanization	391	(17)
Alan Gilbert
From riches to rags: the international debt crisis	408	(22)
Stuart Corbridge
Monitoring, modelling and mothering the environment: the impact of science and technology since the Second World War	430	(19)
Richard Huggett
Environmentalism on the move	449	(33)
Timothy O'Riordan
PART IV: A WORLD OF QUESTIONS
Introduction	479	(3)
Richard Huggett
Mike Robinson
Climatic variation and global change	482	(26)
F. Kenneth Hare
Ocean uses, environment and management	508	(18)
Alastair D. Couper
Water: confronting the critical dilemma	526	(27)
Peter Crabb
Surface instability and human modification in geomorphic systems	553	(20)
Jonathan D. Phillips
William H. Renwick
The tropical rain forest	573	(26)
John R. Flenley
Humanity's resources	599	(21)
I. G. Simmons
Environmental hazards	620	(31)
John Whittow
The sustainability of sustenance: land and agricultural production in the Third World	651	(26)
William C. Clarke
Famines and surplus in world food production	677	(25)
David Grigg
The nature of Third World cities	702	(28)
David Drakakis-Smith
Western cities and their problems	730	(22)
David T. Herbert
Changing countrysides	752	(20)
Hugh Clout
The quality of life: human welfare and social justice	772	(22)
David M. Smith
PART V: CHANGING WORLDS, CHANGING GEOGRAPHIES
Introduction	793	(1)
Richard Huggett
Mike Robinson
The expansion and fragmentation of geography in higher education	794	(24)
R. J. Johnston
Achievements of spatial science	818	(19)
Arild Holt-Jensen
Geography and humanism in the late twentieth century	837	(23)
Anne Buttimer
Structural themes in geographical discourse	860	(28)
Richard Peet
Challenging the boundaries: survival and change in a gendered world	888	(18)
Janice Monk
Place	906	(20)
Edward Relph
PART VI: GEOGRAPHICAL FUTURES
Introduction	925	(1)
Richard Huggett
Mike Robinson
Concern for geography: a case for equal emphasis of the geographical traditions	926	(13)
Adetoye Faniran
Home and world, cosmopolitanism and ethnicity: key concepts in contemporary human geography	939	(13)
Yi-Fu Tuan
Palaeoenvironmental narrative and scenario science	952	(13)
Frank Oldfield
Geographical futures: some personal speculations	965	(9)
Peter Haggett
Index	974