Comparative Politics: Interests, Identities, and Institutions in a Changing Global Order

by Edited by Jeffrey Kopstein , Mark Lichbach

• ISBN13: 9780521603959
• ISBN10: 0521603951
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-09-05
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

Now in a completely updated second edition, this textbook has become a favorite for the introductory undergraduate course in comparative politics. It features ten theoretically and historically grounded country studies that show how the three major concepts of comparative analysis - interests, identities, and institutions - shape the politics of nations. Throughout the presentation, countries appear in the context of a changing global order that creates challenges to each country's path of development. These challenges frequently alter domestic interests and identities, and force countries to find new institutional solutions to the problems of modern politics. Written in a style free of heavy-handed jargon and organized to address the concerns of contemporary comparativists, this textbook provides students with the conceptual tools and historical background they need to understand the politics of our complex world.

Table of Contents

List of Maps	xvi
Preface to the Second Edition	xvii
List of Contributors	xix
What Is Comparative Politics?	1	(15)
Jeffrey Kopstein
Mark Lichbach
Introduction	1	(3)
Comparative Politics and Political Science	2	(2)
How Comparativists Practice Their Craft: Concepts and Methods	4	(4)
Regime Types	4	(1)
Tools of Analysis: Interests, Identities, and Institutions	4	(4)
Comparative Politics and Developmental Paths	8	(8)
A Changing Field	8	(2)
Paths of Development	10	(3)
Why Study Comparative Politics?	13	(3)
The Framework of Analysis	16	(23)
Jeffrey Kopstein
Mark Lichbach
Introduction	16	(1)
Global Context	16	(6)
Nations and States	17	(1)
Globalization and Heterogeneities	18	(1)
Local Heterogeneities	19	(2)
World-Historical Time and Conflicts among States	21	(1)
Domestic Interests, Identities, and Institutions	22	(7)
Interests	22	(2)
Identities	24	(2)
Institutions	26	(1)
Institutions as Consequences (of the Global Context) and as Causes (of Interests and Identities)	27	(1)
Interests and Identities, and the Struggle over Institutions	28	(1)
Developmental Paths to the Modern World	29	(3)
Comparative-Politics Feedback	32	(1)
International-Relations Feedback	33	(2)
Our Approach to Comparison	35	(1)
Conclusion	36	(3)
PART ONE. EARLY DEVELOPERS
Britain	39	(42)
Peter Rutland
Introduction	39	(2)
The British Model	40	(1)
The Long Road from Empire to Europe	41	(4)
An Island Nation	41	(1)
The End of Empire	42	(2)
The Reluctant European	44	(1)
Who Are the British? Contested Identities	45	(6)
Forging a British Nation	46	(1)
The Irish Question	47	(2)
British -- and Black	49	(2)
British Political Institutions	51	(24)
The Path to Parliamentary Democracy	51	(1)
The House of Commons	52	(1)
From Cabinet to Prime Ministerial Government	53	(2)
The Electoral System	55	(2)
Political Behavior	57	(1)
The Dignified Constitution	58	(2)
Rival Interests and the Evolution of British Democracy	60	(1)
The Rights Tradition	61	(1)
The Impact of Industrialization	62	(2)
Labour's Rise to Power	64	(1)
The Postwar Consensus	65	(1)
Thatcher to the Rescue?	66	(2)
The Fall of Thatcher	68	(2)
The Rise of New Labour	70	(2)
Blair's Second Term	72	(3)
Conclusion	75	(1)
Key Phases in Britain's Development	76	(1)
Bibliography	77	(1)
Important Terms	77	(2)
Study Questions	79	(2)
France	81	(50)
Arista Maria Cirtautas
Introduction	81	(1)
The French Model: Continuity, Change, and Ambiguity	82	(3)
From Revolution to Republic	85	(13)
The Making of a Social Revolution: Domestic Responses to International Conditions	86	(6)
In Pursuit of the Republic: Postrevolutionary Identities, Interests, and Institutions	92	(6)
Contemporary Politics	98	(14)
The Interplay of Interests and Identities in the Fifth Republic	98	(7)
Institutions of the Fifth Republic	105	(4)
Policy Making in the Fifth Republic	109	(3)
Conclusion: Current Challenges	112	(5)
Bibliography	117	(2)
Key Phases in France's Development	119	(1)
Important Terms	119	(3)
Study Questions	122	(3)
Stop and Compare	125	(1)
Early Developers: Britain and France	125	(6)
PART TWO. MIDDLE DEVELOPERS
Germany	131	(38)
Andrew C. Gould
Introduction	131	(1)
Origins of a Middle Developer, 100 B.C.--A.D. 1800	132	(1)
Competing Modern States, 1800--1871	133	(3)
Unification under Authoritarian Leadership, 1871--1919	136	(2)
Democracy and Competitive Capitalism, 1919--1933	138	(3)
Nazism in Power, 1933--1945	141	(1)
Occupation (1945-1949), Division (1949--1990), and Unification (1990--)	142	(1)
Interests in Contemporary Germany	143	(3)
Identities in Contemporary Germany	146	(3)
Institutions in Contemporary Germany	149	(10)
Germany's Post--World War II Developmental Path	159	(3)
Bibliography	162	(1)
Key Phases in German Political Development	163	(1)
Important Terms	164	(3)
Study Questions	167	(2)
Japan	169	(36)
Miranda A. Schreurs
Introduction	169	(1)
The Geography of Japan	170	(1)
The Historical Roots of Institutions, Identities, and Interests	170	(4)
Tokugawa Japan, 1603--1867	170	(2)
The Meiji Era, 1868--1912	172	(1)
A Brief Interlude with Democracy: The Taisho Democracy, 1918--1932	173	(1)
Japan as a Military Power and a Colonial Force	174	(1)
Occupation of Japan	175	(1)
The Japanese Constitution and the Establishment of a New Political Order	176	(2)
The ``Reverse Course'' and Japan's Emergence as a Key U.S. Ally	178	(1)
Understanding Japan's ``Economic Miracle''	179	(4)
Opposition to the Conservative Agenda	183	(1)
The Politics of Reform	184	(4)
Economic Reform	184	(2)
Political Reform	186	(2)
Carving Out a New International Role and Vision for Japan in a Changing Global Order	188	(3)
Conclusion	191	(1)
Bibliography	192	(1)
Key Phases in Japan's Political Development	193	(1)
Important Terms	194	(1)
Study Questions	195	(2)
Stop and Compare	197	(1)
Early Developers and Middle Developers	197	(1)
Middle Developers: Germany and Japan	197	(8)
PART THREE. LATE DEVELOPERS
Russia	205	(48)
Stephen E. Hanson
Introduction	205	(1)
The Rise and Fall of the USSR	206	(21)
From Marx to Lenin	206	(6)
From Lenin to Stalin	212	(8)
From Stalin to Gorbachev	220	(7)
Interests, Identities, and Institutions in Post-Communist Russia	227	(16)
The Leninist Legacy and Post-Soviet Interests	227	(3)
Yeltsin and the Design of Post-Soviet Institutions	230	(9)
The Putin Era	239	(4)
Institutions, Interests, and the Search for a New Russian Identity	243	(2)
Bibliography	245	(1)
Key Phases in Russian Political Development	246	(1)
Important Terms	247	(3)
Study Questions	250	(3)
China	253	(46)
Yu-Shan Wu
Introduction	253	(2)
Historical Background	255	(6)
Developmental Stages of the Communist Regime	261	(1)
The Maoist Period: Totalitarianism	262	(7)
Deng Unleashes Reform	269	(5)
Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao, and Neoconservatism	274	(5)
Will China Become Democratic?	279	(3)
Bibliography	282	(1)
Key Phases in Chinese Political Development	283	(1)
Important Terms	284	(6)
Study Questions	290	(1)
Stop and Compare	291	(1)
Early, Middle, and Late Developers	291	(1)
Late Developers: Russia and China	291	(8)
PART FOUR. EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPERS
Mexico	299	(44)
Anthony Gill
Introduction	299	(2)
Historical, Social, and Ideological Origins	301	(1)
The Colonial Period	302	(2)
From Independence to Revolution	304	(6)
Independence and the Era of the Caudillos	304	(3)
The Ascendancy of Liberalism	307	(2)
The Porfiriato	309	(1)
Politics in the Twentieth Century: Revolution and Institutionalized Rule	310	(7)
The Mexican Revolution	310	(2)
The Revolution Institutionalized	312	(4)
The Formal Institutional Structure of Mexican Politics	316	(1)
The Crisis of Corporatism during the Late Twentieth Century	317	(15)
Origins of the Crisis	318	(2)
Political Challenges in the 1980s and 1990s	320	(1)
The Political Consequences of Economic Crisis	321	(1)
Interests, Identities, and Institutions at the End of the Twentieth Century	322	(6)
The 2000 Presidential Election and Its Aftermath	328	(4)
Conclusion	332	(2)
Bibliography	334	(1)
Key Phases in Mexican Development	335	(2)
Important Terms	337	(2)
Study Questions	339	(4)
India	343	(52)
Rudra Sil
Introduction	343	(2)
Pre-independence India: Civilization and Empire to Colonialism and Nationalism	345	(9)
Civilization and Empire: The Sources of Identity and Unity in South Asia	345	(3)
The Encounter with the West: British Colonial Rule, 1757--1947	348	(4)
The Rise of Nationalism and the Movement for Independence	352	(2)
India's ``Third Way'': Political and Economic Development in the Cold War Era	354	(13)
The Making of a Secular Nation: Political and Legal Institutions	355	(3)
The Making of Indian Federalism and Center--Periphery Relations	358	(3)
The Indira Gandhi Era: Populism, Patronage Politics, and the ``Emergency''	361	(3)
India's ``Mixed'' Strategy of Economic Development, 1950--1984	364	(3)
India Shining? Institutional Dynamics, Resilient Identities, and Evolving Interests in the Post--Cold War Era	367	(17)
Stable Institutions and Coalition Politics in the World's Largest Democracy	367	(6)
The Evolving Politics of Caste and Religion in Contemporary India	373	(4)
Economic Liberalization in a Global Age: Achievements, Problems, and Prospects	377	(5)
The Diversification of Social Forces: Labor, Women, and Environmental Groups	382	(2)
Conclusion	384	(2)
Key Phases in Indian Development	386	(1)
Bibliography	387	(2)
Important Terms	389	(2)
Study Questions	391	(4)
Iran	395	(38)
Vali Nasr
Introduction	395	(1)
The Global Context and the Rise of the Modern Iranian State	396	(1)
The Reza Shah Period and the Beginnings of Development, 1921--1941	397	(5)
The Democratic Interregnum, 1941--1954	402	(2)
Resurrection of the Pahlavi State, 1954--1963	404	(1)
Economic Growth and Authoritarianism, 1963--1979	405	(6)
The Revolutionary Era, 1979--1988	411	(5)
The Post-Khomeini Era, 1988--Present	416	(5)
The Presidential Elections of 1997	421	(4)
Conclusion	425	(1)
Bibliography	426	(1)
Key Phases in Iranian Development	427	(1)
Important Terms	427	(2)
Study Questions	429	(4)
South Africa	433	(38)
Michael Bratton
Introduction	433	(1)
The Global Historical Context	434	(2)
The Path of Development	436	(2)
The Apartheid Experiment	438	(3)
An Unexpected Transition	441	(3)
The Socioeconomic Structure	444	(2)
Contemporary Political Identities	446	(3)
Contemporary Political Interests	449	(3)
Democratic Political Institutions	452	(4)
Bureaucratic State Institutions	456	(3)
Conclusion: Consolidating Democracy?	459	(3)
Bibliography	462	(1)
Key Phases in the Development of South Africa	463	(1)
Important Terms	464	(1)
Study Questions	465	(2)
Stop and Compare	467	(1)
Early Developers, Middle Developers, Late Developers, and Experimental Developers	467	(1)
Experimental Developers: Mexico, India, Iran, and South Africa	468	(3)
Index	471