Comparative Politics: Interests, Identities, and Institutions in a Changing Global Order

by Edited by Jeffrey Kopstein , Mark Lichbach

• ISBN13: 9780521633567
• ISBN10: 0521633567
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-08-15
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press
• More Book Details
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Summary

Why are the countries of the world governed so differently? How did this diversity of political orders come about? Will liberal capitalism spread farther around the globe in the 21st century? These are the questions that guide this new introductory text to comparative politics. Cast through the lens of ten historically grounded country studies, it illustrates and explains how the three major concepts of comparative political analysis--interests, identities, and institutions--shape the politics of nations. This textbook provides students with the conceptual tools and historical background they need to understand the politics of today's complex world.

Table of Contents

Maps	xv
Preface	xvii
A Changing Global Order	1	(416)
Jeffrey Kopstein
Mark Lichbach
Introduction	2	(1)
Our Framework	3	(22)
Global Context	3	(1)
Nations and States	4	(1)
Globalizations and Heterogeneities	5	(3)
World-Historical Time and Conflicts among States	8	(2)
Domestic Interests, Identities, and Institutions	10	(1)
Interests	10	(2)
Identities	12	(2)
Institutions	14	(5)
Development Paths to the Modern World	19	(3)
Comparative Politics Feedback	22	(2)
International Relations Feedback	24	(1)
Why Study Comparative Politics	25	(5)
An Empirical Perspective: To Explain	25	(2)
A Moral Perspective: To Evaluate	27	(2)
Our Approach to Comparison	29	(1)
Conclusion	30	(3)
PART ONE. EARLY DEVELOPERS
Cases
Britain	33	(37)
Peter Rutland
Introduction	34	(1)
The British Model	35	(1)
The Long Road from Empire to Europe	36	(3)
An Island Nation	36	(1)
The End of Empire	37	(2)
The Reluctant European	39	(1)
Who Are the British? Contested Identities	40	(5)
Forging a British Nation	40	(2)
The Irish Question	42	(2)
British -- and Black	44	(1)
The Character of British Demoracy	45	(2)
The Path of Parliamentary Democracy	47	(12)
The Impact of Industrialization	48	(2)
Labour's Rise to Power	50	(1)
The Postwar Consensus	51	(2)
Thatcher to the Rescue?	53	(2)
The Fall of Thatcher	55	(2)
The Rise of New Labour	57	(2)
British Political Institutions	59	(6)
Prime Ministerial Government	60	(2)
The Electoral System	62	(2)
Political Behavior	64	(1)
The Dignified Constitution	65	(1)
Conclusion	66	(1)
Bibliography	67	(1)
Important Terms	67	(2)
Study Questions	69	(1)
France	70	(41)
Arista Maria Cirtautas
Introduction	71	(3)
Historical Development	74	(11)
From Absolution to Revolution, 1760--1789	74	(5)
From Postrevolutionary Restoration to Republic, 1789--1870	79	(3)
The Third Republic, 1870--1940	82	(3)
Contemporary Politics	85	(6)
The Interplay of Interests and Identities in the Fifth Republic	85	(6)
Institutions of the Fifth Republic	91	(3)
Policy Making in the Fifth Republic	94	(2)
Conclusion: Identities, Interests, and Institutions in Flux?	96	(3)
Bibliography	99	(1)
Key Phases in French Development	100	(1)
Important Terms	101	(2)
Study Questions	103	(2)
Stop and Compare	105	(1)
Early Developers: Britain and France	105	(6)
PART TWO. MIDDLE DEVELOPERS
Cases
Germany	111	(33)
Andrew C. Gould
Introduction	112	(1)
Origins of a Middle Developer, 100 B.C.E.--1800 C.E.	113	(1)
Competing Modern States, 1800--1871	114	(2)
Unification under Authoritarian Leadership, 1871--1919	116	(2)
Democracy and Competitive Capitalism, 1919--1933	118	(3)
Nazism in Power, 1933--1945	121	(1)
Occupation (1945--1949), Division (1949--1990), and Unification (1990-- )	122	(1)
Interests in Contemporary Germany	123	(3)
Identities in Contemporary Germany	126	(3)
Institutions in Contemporary Germany	129	(7)
Conclusion	136	(2)
Bibliography	138	(1)
Key Phases in German Development	139	(1)
Important Terms	140	(3)
Study Questions	143	(1)
Japan	144	(43)
Robert W. Bullock
Introduction	145	(1)
The Birth of Modern Japan	146	(7)
Political Developments	152	(1)
Militarism and War (1931--1945)	153	(3)
The Pacific War	155	(1)
The American Occupation (1945--1952)	156	(5)
The Reverse Course	159	(2)
Industrial Policy and Postwar Economic Success	161	(4)
The Japanese Bureaucracy	165	(2)
The Politics of Conservative Dominance	167	(4)
Japan in the 1990s: The End of the Developmental State?	171	(3)
Electoral Reform	171	(2)
Bureaucratic Corruption	173	(1)
Conclusion	174	(1)
Bibliography	175	(1)
Important Terms	175	(2)
Study Questions	177	(2)
Stop and Compare
Early Developers and Middle Developers	179	(1)
Middle Developers: Germany and Japan	179	(8)
PART THREE. LATE DEVELOPERS
Cases
Russia	187	(42)
Stephen E. Hanson
Introduction	188	(1)
The Rise and Fall of the USSR	189	(21)
From Marx to Lenin	189	(6)
From Lenin to Stalin	195	(8)
From Stalin to Gorbachev	203	(7)
Interests, Identities, and Institutions in Post-Communist Russia	210	(19)
The Leninist Legacy and Post-Soviet Interests	210	(3)
Yeltsin and the Design of Post-Soviet Institutions	213	(8)
Institutions, Interests, and the Search for a New Russian Identity	221	(1)
Key Phrases in Russian Development	222	(1)
Bibliography	223	(1)
Important Terms	224	(3)
Study Questions	227	(2)
China	229	(42)
Yu Shan Wu
Introduction	230	(2)
Historical Background	232	(5)
Developmental Stages of the Communist Regime	237	(1)
The Maoist Period: High Totalitarianism	238	(5)
Deng Unleashes Reform	243	(4)
Jiang Zemin and Neoconservatism	247	(4)
Will China Become Democratic?	251	(2)
Bibliography	253	(3)
Key Phases in Chinese Development	256	(1)
Important Terms	257	(6)
Study Questions	263	(2)
Stop and Compare
Early, Middle, and Late Developers	265	(1)
Late Developers: Russia and China	265	(6)
PART FOUR. EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPERS
Cases
Mexico	271	(36)
Anthony Gill
Introduction	272	(2)
Historical, Social, and Ideological Origins	274	(1)
The Colonial Period	274	(2)
Independence and the Era of the Caudillos	276	(3)
The Ascendancy of Liberalism	279	(3)
The Porfiriato	281	(1)
The Mexican Revolution	282	(2)
The Revolution Institutionalized	284	(4)
The Contemporary Political Landscape: The End of Corporatism?	288	(4)
Origins of the Crisis	288	(4)
Post-1988 Mexico: Interests, Identities, and Institutions	292	(6)
Conclusion	298	(2)
Bibliography	300	(1)
Key Phases in Mexican Development	301	(1)
Important Terms	302	(2)
Study Questions	304	(3)
India	307	(41)
Rudra Sil
Introduction	308	(1)
Pre-Independence India: Civilizations, Empires, and the Encounter with the West	309	(1)
South Asian Civilization: The Sources of Identity and Unity	310	(8)
The Impact of the West: British Colonialism and Its Consequences	313	(3)
The Indian Nationalist Congress and the Movement for Independence	316	(2)
The ``Third Way'': Political and Economic Development in the Era of Congress Dominance	318	(11)
The Making of a Secular Nation: Political and Legal Institutions	319	(2)
Center-Periphery Relations: Federal or Unitary?	321	(2)
Nehru's ``Mixed'' Strategy of Economic Development	323	(2)
The Indira Gandhi Era: Populism, the ``Emergency,'' and the Janata Interregnum	325	(3)
Mrs. Gandhi's Economic Programs: Variations on the Nehruvian Model	328	(1)
India in the Post-Cold War Era: The Clash of Global and Communal Forces	329	(19)
Tackling Inefficiency and Corruption: Toward Economic Liberalization	330	(2)
Social Forces in a Global Economy: Business, Labor, Women, and Environmental Groups	332	(3)
Traditional Identities in a Global Age: The Politics of Caste in Contemporary India	335	(2)
Religious Fundamentalism and the Rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	337	(4)
Conclusion: Identities, Interests, and the Future of India's Secular Institutions	341	(2)
Bibliography	343	(1)
Important Terms	344	(3)
Study Questions	347	(1)
Iran	348	(33)
Vali Nasr
Introduction	349	(1)
The Global Context and the Rise of the Modern State	350	(1)
Reza Shah Period and the Beginnings of Development (1921-1941)	351	(4)
The Democratic Interregnum (1941-1954)	355	(2)
Resurrection of the Pahlavi State (1954-1963)	357	(1)
Economic Growth and Authoritarianism (1963-1979)	358	(5)
The Revolutionary Era (1979-1988)	363	(5)
The Post-Khomeini Era (1988-Present)	368	(4)
The Presidential Elections of 1997	372	(3)
Conclusion	375	(1)
Bibliography	376	(1)
Important Terms	377	(2)
Study Questions	379	(2)
South Africa	381	(36)
Michael Bratton
Introduction	382	(1)
The Global Historical Context	383	(2)
The Path of Development	385	(2)
The Apartheid Experiment	387	(3)
An Unexpected Transition	390	(3)
The Socioeconomic Structure	393	(2)
Contemporary Political Identities	395	(3)
Contemporary Political Interests	398	(3)
Democratic Political Institutions	401	(3)
Bureaucratic State Institutions	404	(3)
Conclusion: Consolidating Democracy?	407	(3)
Bibliography	410	(1)
Important Terms	410	(2)
Study Questions	412	(1)
Stop and Compare
Early Developers, Middle Developers, Late Developers, and Experimental Developers	413	(1)
Experimental Developers: Mexico, India, Iran, and South Africa	414	(3)
Index	417