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Joy Dark has worked in the healthcare IT field in several capacities. She first worked as a help desk technician providing first-level support at a company that supports more than 130 hospitals in 29 states. Later she focused on providing second-level support for clinical information systems, specializing in perioperative information systems and the emergency department information systems. Next she switched gears to become a support operations specialist, helping to design support protocols and structures as well as managing the transition of support when hospitals converted information systems. Now she has authored the CompTIA Healthcare IT Technician HIT-001 Cert Guide and contributes in writing other technical books. Before healthcare IT, Joy was an elementary school teacher in both the United States and in South America. She lives in Dalton, Georgia, with her sister and Doberman dog. She has two sisters who are physicians (anesthesiology and emergency medicine) who have shared plenty of stories, facts, and opinions about the healthcare environment that have helped to shape the content in this book.
Jean Andrews, Ph.D., has more than 30 years of experience in the computer industry, including more than 13 years in the college classroom. She has worked in a wide variety of businesses and corporations designing, writing, and supporting applications software; managing a PC repair help desk; and troubleshooting wide area networks. She has written a variety of books on software, hardware, and the Internet. She lives in northeast Georgia.
Introduction xxxix
Chapter 1 Introducing Healthcare IT 2
The Importance of the HITECH Act 3
Getting to Know Healthcare 5
Types of Healthcare Facilities 6
Focus on Hospitals 7
Departments in the Hospital 8
Patient Flow Through a Hospital Stay 9
Inpatient Admittance 9
Outpatient Admittance 11
Emergency Department Patient 12
The Goals of Healthcare IT 15
Why Have IT in Healthcare? 15
Prepare for a Career in Healthcare IT 16
Chapter Summary 19
The Importance of the HITECH Act 19
Getting to Know Healthcare 19
Goals of Healthcare IT 20
Key Terms 20
Acronym Drill 21
Review Questions 22
Practical Application 23
Chapter 2 Introducing Data Flow in HIT 24
Learning Support Flow 25
Getting to Know Information Systems 27
Getting to Know HIS 28
Functions of an HIS 29
Getting to Know the Interface 33
The Message 34
The Message Path 36
Following the Data Flow 38
Three IS Sources of an ADT Message 39
HIS-originated ADT Data Flow 39
EDIS ADT Data Flow 40
Perioperative IS Data Flow 42
Data Flow Other Than ADT 44
Pharmacy IS Data Flow 44
RIS Data Flow 48
LIS Data Flow 49
EDIS Data Flow 52
Chapter Summary 54
Learning Support Flow 54
Getting to Know Information Systems 54
Getting to Know HIS 54
Getting to Know the Interface 55
Following the Data Flow 55
Key Terms 56
Acronym Drill 57
Review Questions 58
Practical Application 60
Chapter 3 Regulatory Requirements 64
Identifying Standard Agencies, Laws, and Regulations 65
Agencies Governing Healthcare 65
Department of Health and Human Services 66
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 72
Healthcare Programs 74
Healthcare Laws 76
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) 76
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) 77
Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act 78
Regulations of Healthcare Laws 79
Learning HIPAA Controls and Compliance Issues 80
Learning Rules of Record Retention and Disposal 83
Types of Health Records 83
Record Retention 85
Record Disposal 85
Learning Legal Best Practices and Documentation 86
Chapter Summary 90
Identifying Standard Agencies, Laws, and Regulations 90
Learning HIPAA Controls and Compliance Issues 91
Learning Rules of Record Retention and Disposal 91
Learning Legal Best Practices and Documentation 92
Key Terms 92
Acronym Drill 93
Review Questions 93
Practical Application 94
Chapter 4 Organizational Behavior 96
Handling PHI 97
Physical Safeguards 98
Technical Safeguards 103
Applying Proper Communication Methods 105
E-Mail 106
IM Versus Secure Chat 106
EMR/EHR System 107
Fax 108
Secure FTP 108
Phone 109
VoIP 111
Identifying EHR/EMR Access Roles and Responsibilities 113
Medical and Medical Support Roles 114
Technical Roles 119
System Administrator 119
Security Administrator 120
Network Administrator 121
Database Administrator 122
Desktop Support Technician 123
Third-Party Access 123
Role-Based Access and Exceptions 124
Access Based on Sensitive Patient Data 126
Levels of Access and Audit Trails 126
Identifying Organizational Structures and Different Methods of Operation 127
Hospitals 127
Private Practices 129
Nursing Homes 130
Assisted Living Facilities 130
Surgical Centers 131
Home Healthcare 131
Hospice 131
Executing Daily Activities 132
Communication 132
IT Functions in a Healthcare Environment 133
HIT Technician Presence in the Hospital 134
Chapter Summary 139
Handling PHI 139
Applying Proper Communication Methods 139
Identifying EHR/EMR Access Roles and Responsibilities 139
Identifying Organizational Structures and Different Methods of Operation 141
Executing Daily Activities 141
Key Terms 142
Acronym Drill 144
Review Questions 144
Practical Application 146
Chapter 5 IT Operations 148
How the Internet or an Intranet Works 149
The OSI Model 151
Application, Presentation, and Session Layer Protocols 153
Transport and Network Layers 156
Data Link and Physical Layers 159
Servers on the Network 160
Cloud Computing and Virtualization 163
Programming Languages 168
How a Network Works 172
Basic Network Devices and Hardware 175
Wireless Access Point 175
Router 177
Switch 182
Internet Modem 183
Network Tools 184
ipconfig Command 184
ping Command 185
tracert Command 186
Solving Network Problems 188
Duplicate IP Address 189
Broken Cables and Crosstalk 190
Interference with Wireless Networks 190
Poor AP Placement 190
Lost Connectivity to the ISP 191
Power Failure, Blackouts, and Brownouts 191
Managing Network Resources 192
Locally Hosted or Remote EHR and EMR Information Systems 193
Considerations for Servers on a Network 194
Security Risks 195
High Traffic and Load Balancing 196
Hardware and Software Specifications Required by Vendors 196
Purging Old Logs 196
Maintain Backups and Downtime Procedures 196
Configuring a Workstation and Peripherals 198
Deploy a Workstation 198
Maintain Operating System Updates 203
Troubleshoot Common Problems 204
Problems with a Mouse 204
Problems with a Monitor 205
Problems with a Printer 205
Power Problems 206
Software Patches, Hotfixes, and Updates 206
Peripheral Devices 207
Mobile Storage 211
Flash Drives and External Hard Drives 211
DVDs and CDs 212
SD Cards 212
Tapes 212
Mobile Computing Devices 213
Chapter Summary 215
How the Internet or an Intranet Works 215
How a Network Works 215
Managing Network Resources 216
Configuring a Workstation and Peripherals 216
Key Terms 217
Acronym Drill 219
Review Questions 220
Practical Application 224
Chapter 6 Medical Business Operations 226
Understanding the Clinical Environment 227
Medical Terms, Imaging, and Tests 228
Medical Terms 228
Medical Imaging 232
Medical Tests 236
Medical Departments 240
Clinical Environment 242
Supporting Software Used in Healthcare Facilities 245
Clinical Software and Modules 246
Scheduling Software 246
Patient Tracking Software 247
Order Entry Software 248
Practice Management Software 249
Billing and Coding Software 250
Tracking and Auditing Software 252
Document Imaging 253
Medical Images of the Human Body 253
Digital Images of Patient Records 255
Change Control 256
Support Requests 258
How a Healthcare Interface Works 259
HL7 Message 260
Typical Interface Issues 262
Chapter Summary 266
Understanding the Clinical Environment 266
Supporting Software Used in Healthcare Facilities 267
How a Healthcare Interface Works 269
Key Terms 270
Acronym Drill 271
Review Questions 272
Practical Application 275
Chapter 7 Security 280
What Are We Up Against? 281
Social Engineering 281
Electronic Attacks 282
Understanding Permission Levels 283
Understanding Physical Security 285
Location and Access 286
Servers 286
Network Hardware 287
Printers, Scanners, and Copiers 289
Accessing Secured Resources 290
Environmental Security 293
Using Password Best Practices 294
Understanding Encryption Types 296
Types of Encryption 296
Communication 298
Storage 299
Dissemination of PHI 301
How to Secure Wireless Networks 302
How to Remotely Access the Facility’s Network 303
Securing Backups 306
Disposing of PHI 307
Chapter Summary 310
What Are We Up Against? 310
Understanding Permission Levels 310
Understanding Physical Security 311
Using Password Best Practices 311
Understanding Encryption Types 312
How to Secure Wireless Networks 312
How to Remotely Access the Facility’s Network 313
Securing Backups 313
Disposing of PHI 314
Key Terms 314
Acronym Drill 315
Review Questions 317
Practical Application 318
Appendix A Answers to Acronym Drills, Review Questions, and Practical Application Exercises 320
Appendix B CompTIA Healthcare IT Technician ACRONYMS 336
Key Terms Glossary 342
TOC, 9780789749291, 5/24/2012
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