Concrete

by Mindess, Sidney; Young, J. Francis; Darwin, David

• ISBN13: 9780130646323
• ISBN10: 0130646326
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-08-20
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

This book presents a unified view of concrete behavior in light of a body of chemical and physical principles. It provides the most up-to-date information available on new concrete materials.The most up-to-date information on new concrete materials. SI units used as primary system, keeping readers current to the unit system being adopted in the United States. Latest ASTM specifications are included. Exercises at the end of each chapter. An excellent resource for professionals in this industry.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Concrete as a Material	1	(6)
The Nature of Concrete	1	(2)
Advantages of Concrete	3	(3)
Limitations of Concrete	6	(1)
Bibliography	6	(1)
Historical Development of Cement and Concrete	7	(8)
Nonhydraulic Cements	7	(2)
Hydraulic Limes	9	(1)
Development of Portland Cement	9	(4)
Concrete Admixtures	13	(1)
Summary	13	(2)
Bibliography	14	(1)
Cements	15	(42)
Manufacture of Portland Cement	15	(6)
Composition of Portland Cement	21	(10)
Modified Portland Cements	31	(10)
Non-Portland Inorganic Cements	41	(3)
Specifications and Tests of Portland Cement	44	(13)
Bibliography	54	(1)
Problems	55	(2)
Hydration of Portland Cement	57	(36)
Chemistry of Hydration	57	(8)
Properties of the Hydration Products	65	(4)
Microstructure of Hydrated Cement Pastes	69	(11)
Properties of Hydrated Cement Pastes	80	(13)
Bibliography	90	(1)
Problems	91	(2)
Mineral Admixtures and Blended Cements	93	(22)
Pozzolanic Materials	94	(8)
Blast Furnace Slag	102	(2)
Blended Cements	104	(2)
Proportioning with Mineral Admixtures	106	(1)
Effects on Properties of Fresh and Hardening Concrete	107	(8)
Bibliography	113	(1)
Problems	114	(1)
Water	115	(6)
Water as a Material	115	(2)
Water Quality	117	(4)
Bibliography	120	(1)
Problems	120	(1)
Aggregates	121	(44)
Properties Required for Mix Design	122	(18)
Durability of Aggregates	140	(15)
Nonstandard Aggregates	155	(10)
Chapter Appendix	161	(1)
Bibliography	162	(1)
Problems	163	(2)
Chemical Admixtures	165	(28)
Definitions and Classifications	165	(1)
Use of Admixtures	166	(2)
Air-Entraining Admixtures	168	(8)
Water-Reducing Admixtures	176	(6)
Admixtures for Set Control	182	(5)
Miscellaneous Admixtures	187	(6)
Bibliography	190	(1)
Problems	191	(2)
Fresh Concrete	193	(28)
Workability	194	(8)
Measurement of Workability	202	(8)
Setting of Concrete	210	(3)
Tests of Fresh Concrete	213	(8)
Bibliography	219	(1)
Problems	219	(2)
Proportioning Concrete Mixes	221	(22)
Basic Considerations	221	(1)
Fundamentals of Mix Design	222	(4)
ACI Method of Mix Design	226	(17)
Bibliography	240	(1)
Problems	241	(2)
Concrete Construction Practices	243	(44)
Batching and Mixing	243	(7)
Transportation	250	(6)
Placement of Concrete	256	(20)
Finishing Concrete	276	(3)
Special Aspects of Handling Concrete	279	(8)
Bibliography	284	(2)
Problems	286	(1)
Curing	287	(16)
Curing at Ambient Temperatures	287	(8)
Curing at Elevated Temperatures	295	(8)
Bibliography	300	(1)
Problems	301	(2)
Response of Concrete to Stress	303	(60)
Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ)	304	(2)
Modulus of Elasticity	306	(9)
Tension and Fracture	315	(12)
Compression	327	(11)
Cyclic Loading	338	(8)
Multiaxial States of Stress	346	(4)
Factors Affecting Strength	350	(13)
Bibliography	359	(2)
Problems	361	(2)
Testing of Hardened Concrete	363	(38)
Need for ``Standard'' Tests	363	(1)
Significance of Tests	364	(2)
Tests for Compressive Strength	366	(9)
Other Concrete Tests	375	(9)
Assessment of Concrete Quality	384	(17)
Bibliography	398	(1)
Problems	399	(2)
Quality Control	401	(16)
Measurement of Variability	402	(7)
Quality-Control Charts	409	(3)
Failure to Meet Specified Requirements	412	(5)
Bibliography	414	(1)
Problems	415	(2)
Time-Dependent Deformation	417	(42)
Plastic Shrinkage	417	(1)
Drying Shrinkage	418	(14)
Strain-Rate Effects	432	(8)
Creep of Concrete	440	(13)
Prediction of Shrinkage and Creep	453	(6)
Bibliography	456	(1)
Problems	457	(2)
Other Properties of Concrete	459	(18)
Thermal Properties	459	(11)
Resistance to Wear	470	(3)
Other properties	473	(4)
Bibliography	476	(1)
Problems	476	(1)
Durability	477	(40)
Permeability of Concrete	477	(6)
Chemical Transport	483	(2)
Chemical Attack	485	(14)
Physical Attack	499	(6)
Cracking in Concrete	505	(4)
Repair and Maintenance of Concrete	509	(8)
Bibliography	513	(1)
Problems	514	(3)
High-Strength Concrete	517	(30)
Materials Selection and Proportioning	518	(16)
Construction	534	(1)
Properties	535	(12)
Bibliography	544	(1)
Problems	545	(2)
Concretes for Special Applications	547	(36)
Lightweight Concretes	547	(15)
Heavyweight Concretes	562	(2)
Architectural Concretes	564	(12)
Other Types of Concretes	576	(7)
Bibliography	581	(1)
Problems	582	(1)
Cement-Polymer Composites	583	(16)
Latex-Modified Concrete	584	(5)
Polymer-Impregnated Concrete	589	(6)
Organoceramics	595	(4)
Bibliography	598	(1)
Problems	598	(1)
Fiber Reinforced Concrete	599	(20)
Definitions	602	(1)
Fiber-Matrix Bond	603	(1)
Mechanics of Fiber Reinforcement	604	(2)
Fabrication of FRC	606	(1)
Properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete	607	(9)
Applications of FRC	616	(3)
Bibliography	617	(1)
Problems	617	(2)
Appendix---Tests and Specifications for Concrete and Its Constituents	619	(6)
Solutions to Numerical Problems	625	(4)
Index	629

Excerpts

Portland cement concrete is foremost among the construction materials used in civil engineering projects around the world. The reasons for concrete's preeminence are varied, but among the more important are the economic and widespread availability of its constituents; its versatility and adaptability, as evidenced by the many types of construction in which it is used; and the minimal maintenance requirements during service. As is the case with any material, its successful use depends upon an intelligent application of its properties in design and the supply of a uniform, high quality product. Concrete is unique among major construction materials in that it is generally designed specifically for a particular project using locally available materials. Therefore, the project engineer has full control and responsibility over the final material used in construction. If concrete is not properly designed for the service conditions and is not properly handled and cured, it will result in substandard performance. For example, when concrete bridge decks and pavements commonly require extensive maintenance 5-10 years after placement, it is a clear indication that the material is not being used to its full potential. It is thus essential that engineers acquire a thorough understanding of the material properties of concretes and the procedures that are essential to providing a material of the required quality and durability.In the past, concrete technology has been taught largely as an empirical science. However, there is a body of chemical and physical principles underlying the behavior of concrete that are now relatively well understood. As with the first edition, it is the aim of this text to present a unified view of concrete behavior in light of these principles, rather than as a series of more or less unrelated facts. For instance, the material on the workability of concrete is prefaced by a general discussion of the principles of rheology; mechanical properties are discussed from the point of view of concrete as a composite (or multiphase) material; and the underlying chemistry of hydration and microstructure of the hardened cement paste are emphasized.This book is designed primarily for use at the undergraduate level, but it should also serve as a guide for the professional engineer who did not take a formal course on concrete in college. The text is based on the authors' considerable experience in teaching the principles of concrete at the undergraduate level. It includes the most up-to-date information available on new concrete materials, and considerable attention is given to the role of specifications for concrete and concrete materials and the use of test methods for determining concrete properties.To provide a comprehensive treatment, more material is included than can be covered in detail in one semester. Therefore, the instructor will have to choose to omit certain topics. Chapter 4 contains more chemistry than might be considered desirable for an undergraduate course and could be treated in less detail by concentrating only on the reactions of the principal cement compounds. Also, those sections in Chapter 16 dealing with mechanisms of shrinkage, strain-rate dependence, and creep could be omitted if desired, although they contribute to a more basic understanding of the material. Chapters 21 and 22 could be passed over without loss of continuity, while parts of Chapters 15,18 and 20 could also be omitted, depending on the instructor's interests and the emphasis of the curriculum.The book is divided into three main parts: The properties of the constituent materials: cements, hardened cement paste, aggregates, water and admixtures. Proportioning of concrete mixes and construction practices: mixing, transporting, placing and consolidating, and curing. The properties of hardened concrete: strength and fracture, fatigue, Creep and drying shrinkage, and durability.

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