Constructivist Methods for the Secondary Classroom Engaged Minds

by Gabler, Ina Claire; Schroeder, Michael

• ISBN13: 9780205360574
• ISBN10: 0205360572
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-10-01
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

This comprehensive, yet concise, book provides a practical pre-service training program across all secondary subjects by grounding a constructivist approach in seven discrete instructional areas.This groundbreaking book is the only teacher education text with components that shift the focus from a teacher-centered to a student-centered context-while infusing a key component of successful active student learning. Engaged Minds provides strategies with specific examples for moving through lower levels of concrete information and applications to the higher, more abstract, levels of synthesis and evaluation. This dynamic book takes a roll-up-your-sleeves approach-yet constructivist ideology permeates this rigorous, accessible and imaginative training program.For teachers of secondary education.

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
Acknowledgments	xx
About the Authors	xxi
Section A Constructivist Ideology	1	(32)
Introduction	1	(2)
The Nature of Teaching and Learning	3	(30)
Overview	4	(1)
Goals	4	(2)
Focal Points and Discussions
The Impact of Didactic Teaching on Students	6	(4)
The Potential Impact of Educational Research	10	(5)
Toward a Constructivist Learning Perspective	15	(3)
The Potentially Transformative Role of Technology in a Constructivist Classroom	18	(1)
A Primary Goal of Constructivist Teaching: Challenging Students to Think Critically	18	(10)
Roundup	28	(1)
Endnotes	29	(1)
References	30	(3)
Section B How-To's	33	(3)
Introduction	33	(2)
Prelude to Lesson Planning	35	(1)
PART 1: The Cognitive Ladder of Facts, Concepts, Principles, and Themes	36	(19)
Overview and Goals	36	(1)
Focal Points and Discussions
Two Broad Views of the Cognitive Ladder	36	(2)
A Fact	38	(3)
A Concept	41	(4)
A Principle	45	(3)
A Theme	48	(3)
Roundup	51	(3)
Hands-On Practice	54	(1)
Endnotes	54	(1)
Suggested Readings	54	(1)
PART 2: Deductive and Inductive Frameworks	55	(15)
Overview	55	(1)
Goals	55	(1)
Focal Points and Discussions
Bloom's Taxonomy	55	(2)
Cognitive Frameworks/Deduction and Induction with Bloom's Taxonomy	57	(7)
Roundup	64	(1)
Hands-on Practice	65	(2)
References	67	(1)
Suggested Reading	68	(1)
Planning Professional Lessons	69	(1)
PART 1: Core Components	70	(27)
Overview	70	(1)
Goals	70	(1)
Discussion	70	(2)
Focal Points and Discussions
Lesson Structure with Core Components	72	(1)
Rationale	73	(4)
Performance Objective	77	(4)
Materials	81	(2)
The Hook	83	(2)
The Aim	85	(1)
Development with Method and Method Markers	86	(1)
The Culmination	87	(1)
Assessment and Evaluation	88	(1)
Form versus Function	89	(1)
Building a Lesson Plan	90	(2)
Roundup	92	(1)
Hands-on Practice	93	(2)
Endnotes	95	(1)
References	95	(1)
Suggested Readings	95	(2)
PART 2: Techniques versus Tools	97	(18)
Overview	97	(1)
Goals	98	(1)
Discussion	98	(1)
Focal Points and Discussions
Techniques	98	(8)
Tools	106	(4)
Roundup	110	(1)
Hands-On Practice	110	(2)
Endnotes	112	(1)
Suggested Readings	112	(2)
Questioning Skills	114	(1)
PART 1: Promoting Effective Questioning	115	(14)
Overview	115	(1)
Goals	116	(1)
Focal Points and Discussions
The Importance of Varying Question Cognitive Level	116	(5)
The Powerful Impact of Wait Time I and II	121	(2)
While Your Students Answer Questions	123	(1)
Asking Effective Follow-Up Questions	124	(1)
What Else Should Teachers Do (or Not Do) to Question Students Effectively?	125	(2)
Roundup	127	(1)
References	127	(2)
PART 2: Do's, Don'ts, and Tips	129	(12)
Overview	129	(1)
Goals	129	(1)
Discussion	129	(1)
Focal Points and Discussions
Designing Individual Questions	130	(2)
Trigger, Probe, and Redirected Questions	132	(2)
Question Patterns	134	(1)
Designing Question Clusters	135	(4)
Wait Time	139	(1)
Roundup	140	(1)
References	140	(1)
Suggested Readings	140	(1)
PART 3: Designing Questions: In-Class Hands-On Practice	141	(6)
Overview	141	(1)
Goals	141	(1)
Sample Text: John Henry, Traditional American Folk Song	141	(2)
Designing Questions	143	(2)
Activity Sheet	143	(1)
John Henry
Self-Instruct Planner	144	(1)
John Henry
Roundup	145	(1)
Peer-Group Learning	146	(1)
PART 1: Peer-Group Learning Techniques	147	(13)
Overview	147	(1)
Goals	148	(1)
Focal Points With Discussions
Why Should Teachers Use Peer-Group Learning Techniques?	148	(2)
What Should Teachers Do to Make Peer-Group Learning Experiences Worthwhile?	150	(4)
What Peer-Group and Cooperative Learning Techniques Have Been Shown to Be Effective in the Classroom?	154	(3)
Roundup	157	(1)
Hands-On Practice	157	(1)
References	158	(2)
PART 2: Activity Sheets	160	(55)
Overview	160	(1)
Goals	160	(1)
Discussion	160	(1)
Focal Points and Discussion
Varied Quality of Handouts with Analysis	161	(1)
Activity Sheets for Peer-Group Learning	161	(12)
Roundup	173	(1)
Hands-On Practice	173	(1)
Suggested Readings	174	(1)
Technology in Your Practice	175	(40)
Overview	176	(2)
Goals	178	(1)
Discussion	179	(1)
Focal Points and Discussions
Technology Viewed as Learning Media	180	(1)
Technology in the Fast Lane	181	(4)
How Can Digital Media Transform Learning?	185	(6)
Taxonomy of Learning Media	191	(18)
Roundup	209	(1)
References	209	(6)
Section C Constructivist Methods	215	(27)
Introduction	215	(5)
Investigating Learners' Previous Experiences (ILPE) Method	220	(21)
Overview: Scenario Depicting An ILPE Method	221	(1)
Focal Points and Discussions
What Makes the ILPE Method Distinctive?	222	(1)
ILPE Method Markers	223	(1)
ILPE Template	224	(1)
Up Close: Planning and Conducting an ILPE Lesson	224	(9)
When Should You Use the ILPE Method in Your Classroom?	233	(1)
Tips for Technology Integration	234	(1)
Roundup	234	(2)
ILPE Sample Lesson Plan	236	(3)
Hands-On Practice	239	(1)
Endnotes	240	(1)
Teaching Concepts	241	(1)
PART 1: The Deductive Concept Method	242	(19)
Overview: Scenario Depicting a Deductive Concept Lesson	242	(1)
Focal Points and Discussions
What Makes the Deductive Concept Method Distinctive?	243	(1)
Template for a Deductive Concept Lesson	244	(1)
Initial Planning: Choosing and Articulating the Concept	245	(4)
Deductive Concept Method Markers	249	(1)
Up Close: Planning and Conducting a Deductive Concept Lesson	250	(4)
When Should You Use the Deductive Concept Method in Your Classroom?	254	(1)
Tip for Technology Integration	255	(1)
Roundup	255	(1)
Deductive Concept Sample Lesson Plan	256	(3)
Hands-On Practice	259	(2)
PART 2: The Inductive Concept Method	261	(100)
Overview: Scenario Depicting an Inductive Concept Lesson
Focal Points and Discussions	261	(11)
What Makes the Inductive Concept Method Distinctive?	263	(1)
Inductive Concept Method Markers	264	(1)
Template for an Inductive Concept Lesson	265	(1)
Up Close: Planning and Conducting an Inductive Concept Lesson	266	(5)
When Should You Use the Inductive Concept Method in Your Classroom?	271	(1)
Tip for Technology Integration	272	(1)
Roundup	272	(1)
Inductive Concept Sample Lesson Plan	273	(3)
Hands-On Practice	276	(1)
Endnotes	277	(1)
References	278	(1)
Introduction to Classroom Discussions	279	(6)
The Directed Discussion Method	285	(19)
Overview: Scenario Depicting a Directed Discussion	286	(1)
Focal Points and Discussions
What Makes the Directed Discussion Method Distinctive?	287	(1)
Directed Discussion Method Markers	288	(1)
Template for a Directed Discussion Lesson	289	(1)
Up Close: Planning and Conducting a Directed Discussion	289	(8)
When Should You Use the Directed Discussion Method in Your Classroom?	297	(1)
Tip for Technology Integration	298	(1)
Roundup	298	(2)
Directed Discussion Sample Lesson Plan	300	(2)
Hands-On Practice	302	(1)
Endnotes	303	(1)
The Exploratory Discussion Method	304	(18)
Overview: Scenario Depicting an Exploratory Discussion	305	(1)
Focal Points and Discussions
What Makes the Exploratory Discussion Method Distinctive?	306	(1)
Template for an Exploratory Discussion Lesson	307	(1)
Exploratory Discussion Method Markers	308	(1)
Up Close: Planning and Conducting an Exploratory Discussion	308	(7)
When Should You Use the Exploratory Discussion Method in Your Classroom?	315	(1)
Tip for Technology Integration	316	(1)
Roundup	316	(1)
Exploratory Discussion Sample Lesson Plan	317	(3)
Hands-On Practice	320	(1)
Endnotes	321	(1)
The Reflective Discussion Method	322	(22)
Overview: Scenario Depicting A Reflective Discussion	323	(1)
Focal Points and Discussions
What Makes the Reflective Discussion Method Distinctive?	324	(1)
Template for a Reflective Discussion Lession	325	(1)
The Nature of Values and Beliefs	326	(1)
Reflective Discussion Method Markers	327	(1)
Up Close: Planning and Conducting a Reflective Discussion	328	(8)
When Should You Use the Reflective Discussion Method in Your Classroom?	336	(1)
Tip for Technology Integration	337	(1)
Roundup	337	(1)
Reflective Discussion Sample Lesson Plan	338	(4)
Hands-on Practice	342	(1)
Endnotes	343	(1)
The Interactive Presentation Method	344	(17)
Overview: Vignette Depicting an Interactive Presentation	345	(1)
Discussion	345	(1)
Focal Points and Discussions
What Makes the Interactive Presentation Method Distinctive?	346	(1)
Interactive Presentation Method Markers	346	(1)
Template for an Interactive Presentation Lesson	346	(3)
Integrating Core Components and Method Markers: A Template for the Interactive Presentation	349	(1)
When Do You Use the Interactive Presentation Method in Your Classroom?	349	(2)
Up Close: Planning and Conducting an Interactive Presentation Lesson	351	(4)
Tip for Technology Integration	355	(1)
Roundup	356	(1)
Hands-On Practice	357	(1)
Endnotes	358	(1)
Suggested Readings	358	(1)
Methods Finale: Integrating Methods	359	(2)
Section D Putting It All Together	361	(3)
Introduction	361	(2)
Unit Planning	363	(1)
PART 1: The Basics	364	(15)
Overview	364	(1)
Goals	364	(1)
Discussion	365	(1)
Focal Points and Discussions
A Global View	365	(1)
Unit Template with Unit Components	366	(4)
Writing Lesson Rationales	370	(2)
Assessment and Evaluation	372	(1)
Scope of Your Unit	372	(3)
Roundup	375	(1)
Hands-On Practice	375	(3)
Suggested Readings	378	(1)
PART 2: Advanced Level	379	(54)
Overview	379	(1)
Goals	379	(1)
Focal Points and Discussions
Types of Units	380	(1)
Template and Timetable for Extended Unit Planning with an Assessment/Evaluation Schedule	381	(2)
Assignment Template and Evaluation Rubric	383	(2)
Planning Procedures	385	(2)
Example of a Combo Unit Plan	387	(7)
Authentic Learning	394	(2)
Roundup	396	(1)
Hands-On Practice	396	(2)
Suggested Readings	398	(2)
Assessment in a Constructivist Classroom	400	(32)
Overview	401	(1)
Goals	401	(1)
Focal Points With Discussions
What Is Assessment?	402	(1)
Why Should We Assess Student Learning?	403	(2)
How Can You Implement an Authentic, Performance-Based Assessment Approach?	405	(6)
What Role Should Tests Play in a Constructivist Classroom?	411	(6)
What Special Role Should Student Projects and Research Play in a Constructivist Classroom?	417	(1)
What Characterizes Engaging Research Projects?	418	(9)
How Can You Utilize a Range of Assessment Techniques to Assign Grades in Your Classroom?	427	(3)
Roundup	430	(1)
Endnote	430	(1)
References	430	(2)
Resocializing	432	(1)
PART 1: The Importance of Change	433	(29)
Overview	433	(1)
Goals	434	(1)
Discussion	434	(1)
Focal Points and Discussions
Maslow's Needs Hierarchy	435	(3)
The Setting	438	(6)
Response	444	(2)
The Teacher Role	446	(5)
The Student Role	451	(1)
Materials versus Methods	451	(1)
Meta-awareness	452	(1)
Modeling Peer-Group Setting	453	(2)
Thinking Process: Designing Heuristics	455	(1)
Affect as the Gateway to Learning	456	(1)
Resocializing Yourself	457	(1)
Roundup	457	(1)
Hands-on Practice	458	(2)
References	460	(1)
Suggested Readings	461	(1)
PART 2: Constructivist Classroom Management	462	(10)
Overview	462	(1)
Goals	463	(1)
Focal Points with Discussions
How Can Effective Teaching Help Prevent Discipline Problems?	463	(4)
How Can You Involve Students in Establishing a Management System?	467	(2)
How Can Classroom Meetings Help Solve Problems?	469	(1)
How Can You Engage Parents as Learning Collaborators?	470	(1)
Roundup	471	(1)
References	471	(1)
Epilogue: On To Your Classroom	472	(2)
Glossary	474	(5)
Appendixes	479	(8)
Intasc Standards	479	(2)
Sample Unit Plan 1	481	(1)
Sample Unit Plan 2	482	(5)
Index	487