Counseling Children (with InfoTrac)

by Thompson, Charles L.; Rudolph, Linda B.; Henderson, Donna A.

• ISBN13: 9780534556853
• ISBN10: 053455685X
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-07-02
• Publisher: Thomson-Wadsworth

Summary

PART I. INTRODUCTION TO COUNSELING CHILDREN. 1. Introduction to a Child's World. 2. The Counseling Process. PART II. COUNSELING THEORIES AND TECHNIQUES. 3. Psychoanalytic Counseling. 4. Reality Therapy. 5. Brief Counseling: Solution-Focused and Paradoxical Counseling Strategies. 6. Person-Centered Counseling. 7. Gestalt Therapy. 8. Rational-Emotive-Behavior Therapy and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 9. Behavioral Counseling. 10. Transactional Analysis. 11. Individual Psychology. 12. Family Counseling. 13. Personality Types. PART III. COUNSELING WITH CHILDREN: SPECIAL TOPICS. 14. Play Therapy. 15. Children from Different Cultures. 16. Consultation, Collaboration, Teamwork. 17. Group Counseling With Children. 18. Counseling Children with Special Concerns. 19. Counseling with Exceptional Children. 20. Legal and Ethical Issues.

Table of Contents

Part One Introduction to Counseling Children	1	(72)
Chapter 1 Introduction to a Child's World	3	(28)
Indicators of Well-Being	4	(2)
What Causes Our Children's Problems?	5	(1)
A Changing World	6	(3)
The American Home	7	(1)
Societal Crises	7	(1)
Changing Values	8	(1)
Summary of Children's Difficulties	8	(1)
The Personal World of the Child	9	(2)
Child Development	11	(1)
A Child's Cognitive World	12	(3)
The Child's World of Social Development	15	(6)
Resilience	19	(2)
What is Counseling?	21	(1)
How Does Counseling Differ from Psychotherapy?	21	(1)
What Is an Appropriate Working Definition of Counseling?	21	(1)
What Counseling Can Do	22	(3)
What Specific Types of Assistance Can Be Expected from the Counseling Session?	23	(2)
Who Are the Mental Health Professionals?	25	(3)
Websites for Understanding a Child's World	28	(1)
References	28	(3)
Chapter 2 The Counseling Process	31	(42)
Which Approaches to Counseling Are Effective?	31	(2)
Classifying Counseling Theories	33	(3)
Preparing for the Interview	36	(1)
What Are Some Things to Consider During the First Interview?	37	(5)
Children's Resistance to Counseling	37	(5)
A General Model for Counseling	42	(2)
Step 1: Defining the Problem Through Active Listening	42	(1)
Step 2: Clarifying the Child's Expectations	42	(1)
Step 3: Exploring Whit Has Been Done to Solve the Problem	43	(1)
Step 4: Exploring What New Things Could Be Done to Solve the Problem	43	(1)
Step 5: Obtaining a Commitment to Try One of the Problem Solving Ideas	44	(1)
Step 6: Closing the Counseling Interview	44	(1)
Questions Counselors Ask	44	(11)
What Does the Counselor Need to Know About Counseling Records?	44	(1)
How Much Self Disclosure Is Appropriate for the Counselor?	45	(1)
What Types of Questions Should the Counselor Use?	46	(3)
How Can Silences Be Used in Counseling?	49	(1)
Should Counselors Give Advice?	49	(2)
Should Counselors Give Information?	51	(1)
How Does the Counselor Keep the Client on Task During the Counseling Session?	51	(1)
What Limits Should Be Set in Counseling?	52	(1)
What About the Issue of Confidentiality?	53	(1)
Is This Child Telling Me the Truth?	53	(1)
What Can Be Done When the Interview Process Becomes Blocked?	54	(1)
When Should Counseling Be Terminated?	54	(1)
How Can Counseling Be Evaluated?	55	(5)
How Do Professional Counselors Work With Managed Health Care?	60	(8)
Step 1: Problem Identification	66	(1)
Step 2: Problem Definition	66	(1)
Step 3: Goal Development	66	(1)
Step 4: Measurable Objectives	66	(1)
Step 5: Creating Interventions	67	(1)
Step 6: Diagnosing	67	(1)
Websites for the Counseling Process	68	(1)
Websites for Information on Managed Care	69	(6)
References	69	(4)
Part Two Counseling Theories and Techniques: Adaptations for Children	73	(332)
Chapter 3 Psychoanalytic Counseling	75	(35)
Sigmund Freud	75	(2)
The Nature of People	77	(2)
Theory of Counseling	79	(13)
Structural Concepts	80	(1)
Dynamic Concepts	81	(1)
Developmental Concepts	82	(3)
Psychosexual Stages	85	(2)
Psychoanalytic Counseling and Development of Self Esteem	87	(3)
Object Relations Theory	90	(2)
Counseling Methods	92	(9)
Catharsis	93	(1)
Free Association	93	(1)
Interpretation	94	(1)
Analysis of Transference	95	(1)
Analysis of Resistance	96	(1)
Analysis of Incomplete Sentences	96	(1)
Bibliocounseling	97	(1)
Storytelling	97	(1)
Psychoanalytic Play Therapy and the Expressive Arts	98	(3)
Case Studies	101	(5)
Cross-Cultural Applications of Psychoanalytic Counseling	106	(1)
Psychoanalytic Counseling and Managed Health Care	106	(1)
Summary	107	(1)
Websites for Psychoanalytic Counseling	107	(3)
References	108	(2)
Chapter 4 Reality Therapy	110	(23)
William Glasser	110	(1)
The Nature of People	111	(5)
Choice Theory and the Nature of People	112	(4)
Theory of Counseling	116	(1)
Counseling Method	117	(6)
The Reality Therapy Process	121	(2)
Case Study	123	(3)
The 10-Step Reality Therapy Consultation Model	126	(3)
Cross-Cultural Applications of Reality Therapy	129	(1)
Reality Therapy and Managed Health Care	130	(1)
Summary	130	(1)
Websites for Reality Therapy	131	(2)
References	131	(2)
Chapter 5 Brief Counseling: Solution-Focused and Paradoxical Counseling Strategies	133	(25)
Background	133	(1)
Solution-Focused Brief Counseling	134	(8)
The Nature of People	134	(1)
Theory of Counseling	135	(2)
Counseling Method	137	(1)
Setting Counseling Goals	138	(2)
Using the Miracle Question to Formulate Goals	140	(2)
Case Study	142	(8)
Reviewing the Steps in Solution-Focused Brief Counseling	146	(4)
Erickson Play Therapy	150	(1)
Paradoxical Counseling Strategies	150	(3)
The Nature of People	150	(1)
Theory of Counseling	151	(1)
Counseling Method	152	(1)
Case Examples	152	(1)
Cross-Cultural Applications of Brief Counseling	153	(1)
Brief Counseling and Managed Health Care	154	(1)
Summary	155	(1)
Websites for Brief Counseling	156	(2)
References	156	(2)
Chapter 6 Person-Centered Counseling	158	(24)
Carl Rogers	158	(2)
The Nature of People	160	(1)
Theory of Counseling	160	(3)
Counseling Method	163	(6)
Case Study	169	(2)
Person-Centered Counseling and Development of Self Esteem	171	(3)
Integrating Self-Esteem-Building Activities with the Child's Life	172	(2)
Child-Centered Play Therapy	174	(1)
Cross-Cultural Applications of Person-Centered Counseling	175	(2)
Person-Centered Counseling and Managed Health Care	177	(1)
Summary	178	(2)
Websites for Person-Centered Counseling	180	(2)
References	180	(2)
Chapter 7 Gestalt Therapy	182	(23)
Fritz Perls	182	(2)
The Nature of People	184	(2)
Theory of Counseling	186	(1)
Counseling Method	187	(9)
Gestalt Techniques	188	(7)
Gestalt Play Therapy	195	(1)
Case Studies	196	(3)
Cross-Cultural Applications of Gestalt Therapy	199	(1)
Gestalt Therapy and Managed Health Care	200	(1)
Summary	201	(2)
Websites for Gestalt Therapy	203	(2)
References	203	(2)
Chapter 8 Rational-Emotive-Behavior Therapy and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy	205	(30)
Albert Ellis	205	(1)
The Nature of People	206	(2)
Theory of Counseling	208	(4)
Counseling Method	212	(6)
Rational-Emotive-Behavior Education	217	(1)
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy	218	(3)
Case Study	221	(7)
Applications of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy	224	(3)
Cognitive-Behavioral Play Therapy	227	(1)
Cross-Cultural Applications of REBT and CBT	228	(1)
REBT, CBT, and Managed Health Care	229	(1)
Summary	230	(1)
Websites for Rational-Emotive-Behavior Therapy	231	(4)
References	232	(3)
Chapter 9 Behavioral Counseling	235	(30)
B. F. Skinner	235	(1)
The Nature of People	236	(1)
Theory of Counseling	237	(5)
Behavior Analysis	238	(1)
Steps in Behavior Analysis	239	(2)
Schedules of Reinforcement	241	(1)
Counseling Goals	242	(1)
Counseling Methods	242	(8)
Contingency Contracts	243	(1)
Self Management	244	(1)
Shaping	245	(1)
Behavioral Momentum	245	(1)
Biofeedback	246	(1)
Modeling	246	(1)
Token Economics	247	(1)
Behavior-Practice Groups	247	(1)
Role-Playing	248	(1)
Counseling Homework Assignments	249	(1)
Assertiveness Training	250	(1)
Classical Conditioning Methods	250	(6)
Ivan Pavlov	250	(1)
Systematic Desensitization	251	(3)
Flooding	254	(1)
Hypnosis	255	(1)
Counterconditioning	255	(1)
Aversive Conditioning	255	(1)
Case Study	256	(3)
Applications of Behavioral Counseling	259	(2)
Response Cost	260	(1)
Eating Disorders	260	(1)
Multimodal Approaches	261	(1)
Cross-Cultural Applications of Behavioral Counseling	261	(1)
Behavioral Counseling and Managed Health Care	262	(1)
Summary	262	(1)
Websites for Behavioral Counseling	263	(2)
References	263	(2)
Chapter 10 Transactional Analysis	265	(29)
Eric Berne	265	(1)
The Nature of People and Theory of Counseling	266	(13)
Structural Analysis	267	(2)
Transactional Analysis	269	(1)
Script Analysis	270	(2)
Game Analysis	272	(1)
Life Positions	272	(2)
Games Clients Play	274	(2)
The Pursuit of Strokes	276	(3)
Rackets	279	(1)
Counseling Method	279	(9)
Case Studies	288	(2)
Cross-Cultural Applications of Transactional Analysis	290	(1)
Transactional Analysis and Managed Health Care	291	(1)
Summary	292	(1)
Websites for Transactional Analysis	292	(2)
References	292	(2)
Chapter 11 Individual Psychology	294	(36)
Alfred Adler	294	(1)
The Nature of People	295	(9)
The Need for Success	297	(1)
Goals of Behavior	297	(1)
Lifestyle	297	(1)
Social Interest	298	(1)
Family Environment	299	(1)
The Family Constellation	299	(3)
The Family Atmosphere	302	(2)
Theory of Counseling	304	(5)
Goals of Misbehavior	306	(1)
Attention	306	(1)
Power	307	(1)
Revenge	307	(1)
Inadequacy or Withdrawal	308	(1)
Counseling Method	309	(10)
Early Recollections	312	(2)
Interventions for the Four Goals of Misbehavior	314	(4)
Natural and Logical Consequences	318	(1)
Case Study	319	(3)
Adlerian Play Therapy	322	(1)
Adlerian Family Counseling	323	(2)
Cross-Cultural Applications of Individual Psychology	325	(1)
Individual Psychology and Managed Health Care	326	(1)
Websites for Individual Psychology	327	(3)
References	327	(3)
Chapter 12 Family Counseling	330	(48)
Flow Does Family Counseling Differ from Individual Counseling?	330	(1)
What Defines a Family?	331	(1)
How Does General Systems Theory Relate to Families?	331	(1)
The Systems Approach to Family Therapy	332	(8)
Murray Bowen	332	(1)
The Spousal Relationship	333	(1)
Differentiation of Self	333	(1)
Detriangulation of Self from the Family Emotional System	334	(1)
Nuclear Family Emotional Process	334	(1)
Family Projection Process	335	(1)
Multigenerational Transmission Process	335	(1)
Sibling Position	335	(1)
Emotional Cutoff	336	(1)
Emotional Process in Society	336	(4)
Emotional Systems of the Family	340	(1)
Modeling Differentiation	340	(1)
Structural Family Therapy	340	(5)
Salvador Minuchin's Contributions to Structural Family Therapy	342	(3)
Strategic Family Therapy	345	(6)
Paradoxical Interventions	346	(1)
Contributions of Milton Erickson, Jay Haley, and Cloé Madanes to Strategic Family Therapy	347	(4)
The Communications Approach to Family Therapy	351	(2)
John Gottman's Behavioral Interview Method	351	(2)
Virginia Satir's Conjoint Family Therapy	353	(14)
The Nature of People	354	(3)
Theory of Counseling	357	(4)
Counseling Method	361	(1)
An Example of Satir's Method	362	(1)
The Importance of Including Children	362	(2)
Three Keys to Satir's System	364	(1)
Satir's Technique	364	(3)
The Counselor's Role	367	(1)
Case Studies	367	(2)
Play Therapy with Families	369	(3)
Dynamic Family Play Therapy	370	(1)
Filial Therapy	370	(1)
Strategic Family Play Therapy	371	(1)
Theraplay	372	(1)
Cross-Cultural Applications of Family Counseling	372	(1)
Family Counseling and Managed Health Care	373	(1)
Summary	374	(1)
Websites for Family Therapy	375	(1)
Websites for Parenting	375	(3)
References	375	(3)
Chapter 13 Personality Type	378	(27)
Carl Jung	378	(2)
The Nature of People	380	(1)
Theory of Counseling	380	(18)
Psyche	380	(1)
Psychic Energy	381	(1)
Consciousness	381	(1)
The Personal Unconscious	381	(1)
The Ego	381	(1)
The Ego Gatekeeper	382	(1)
Complexes	383	(1)
Individuation	384	(1)
Dreams	384	(1)
Progression and Regression	384	(1)
The Collective Unconscious	385	(1)
Archetypes	385	(2)
Word Association	387	(1)
Psychological Types	387	(7)
The Type Table	394	(1)
Dominance	395	(1)
Temperament	395	(1)
Usefulness in Counseling	395	(1)
Psychological Diversity in Children	396	(1)
Theory of Type Development	397	(1)
Counseling Method	398	(2)
Case Study	400	(3)
Cross-Cultural Applications of Jung	403	(1)
Summary	403	(1)
Websites for Personality Type	403	(4)
References	404	(1)
Part Three Counseling with Children: Special Topics	405	(204)
Chapter 14 Play Therapy	407	(27)
Defining Play Therapy	407	(1)
Advantages of Play Therapy	408	(1)
Cross-Cultural Applications of Play Therapy	409	(2)
Personal Qualities of a Play Therapist	411	(1)
Theories of Play Therapy	411	(2)
Ecosystemic Play Therapy	411	(1)
Jungian Play Therapy	412	(1)
Group Play Therapy	413	(1)
Prescriptive Play Therapy	414	(1)
Play Therapy With Families	414	(3)
Dynamic Family Play Therapy	414	(1)
Filial Therapy	415	(1)
Strategic Family Play Therapy	416	(1)
Theraplay	416	(1)
Considerations in Play Therapy	417	(3)
Therapist	417	(1)
Appropriate Clients	417	(1)
Effectiveness of Play Therapy	418	(1)
Play Stages	418	(2)
Play Therapy and Managed Health Care	420	(1)
Play Therapy Media and Strategies	420	(6)
Art	421	(2)
Puppets	423	(1)
Sand	424	(2)
Case Study	426	(2)
Summary	428	(1)
Websites for Play Therapy	429	(5)
References	429	(5)
Chapter 15 Counseling with Children from Different Cultures	434	(25)
Introduction	434	(1)
Competence	435	(8)
Multicultural Counseling Competencies	437	(4)
Skills	441	(2)
Children	443	(10)
African American Children	445	(2)
Native American Children	447	(2)
Asian American Children	449	(2)
Latino Children	451	(2)
Biracial Children	453	(1)
Summary	453	(1)
Websites for Counseling with Children from Different Cultures	454	(5)
References	454	(5)
Chapter 16 Consultation, Collaboration, Teamwork	459	(25)
Consultation	459	(9)
Models of Consultation	460	(5)
Consulting Process	465	(3)
Collaboration	468	(2)
Teamwork	470	(2)
Combinations	472	(1)
Consultation Interventions	473	(4)
Role Shift	473	(1)
Listing of Behaviors	474	(1)
Logical Consequences	474	(1)
Isolation Techniques	474	(1)
Assessment as a Consulting and Counseling Intervention	475	(2)
Case Histories	477	(3)
Summary	480	(1)
Websites for Consultation, Collaboration, Teamwork	480	(4)
References	481	(3)
Chapter 17 Group Counseling with Children	484	(24)
Definition of Group	484	(1)
Types of Groups	485	(1)
Theoretically Oriented Group Counseling	486	(2)
Group Leadership Skills	488	(1)
Getting Started	489	(6)
Group Focus	489	(2)
Selecting Group Members	491	(1)
Forming a Group	492	(1)
Screening Interview	493	(1)
Size of Group	493	(1)
The Group Setting	494	(1)
Group Stages	494	(1)
The Group Counseling Process	495	(7)
The First Session	495	(1)
Guidelines for the Remaining Sessions	496	(1)
Implications for Different Ages	497	(2)
Evaluation of Groups	499	(3)
Group Crisis Intervention	502	(2)
Summary	504	(4)
References	504	(4)
Chapter 18 Counseling Children with Special Concerns	508	(51)
Child Maltreatment	508	(7)
Psychological Maltreatment	510	(1)
Physical Abuse	511	(1)
Child Sexual Abuse	511	(4)
General Counseling Strategies for Working with Abused Children	515	(2)
Children's Memories of Abuse	517	(2)
Children of Alcoholics	519	(2)
Children in Cults	521	(2)
Death and Bereavement	523	(4)
Depression and Suicide	527	(5)
Family Structures	532	(13)
Children of Divorce	532	(6)
Children in Stepfamilies	538	(3)
Children in Single-Parent Homes	541	(1)
Homeless Children	542	(2)
Latchkey Children	544	(1)
Children and Violence	545	(4)
Gangs	549	(3)
Websites for Counseling Children with Special Concerns	552	(7)
References	553	(6)
Chapter 19 Counseling with Exceptional Children	559	(30)
The Situation of the Exceptional Child	559	(2)
History	561	(1)
Categories of Exceptionality	562	(7)
Methods for Counseling with Exceptional Children	569	(16)
The Gifted Child	570	(3)
Children with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders	573	(2)
The Child with a Learning Disability	575	(3)
Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Deficit Disorder	578	(3)
The Child with Mental Retardation	581	(2)
The Child with a Physical Disability	583	(1)
General Guidelines	584	(1)
Counseling with Parents of Exceptional Children	585	(1)
Summary	586	(1)
Websites for Counseling with Exceptional Children	587	(2)
References	587	(2)
Chapter 20 Legal and Ethical Considerations for Counselors	589	(20)
Competence	591	(1)
Parental Permission	591	(1)
Confidentiality	592	(5)
Confidentiality of Files	595	(1)
Breaching Confidentiality	596	(1)
Confidentiality in Groups	597	(1)
Child Abuse Reporting	597	(1)
Summary	598	(1)
Test Your Ethical Knowledge	598	(6)
Summary	604	(1)
Websites for Legal and Ethical Considerations for Counselors	605
References	605
Appendixes
Appendix A Children's Conflicts with Others: Alternatives for Intervention	609	(17)
Appendix B Children's Conflicts with Self	626	(16)
Appendix C Conversion Tables	642	(5)
Appendix D Questions for Licensing	647