Counseling in Schools: Essential Services and Comprehensive Programs

by Schmidt, John J.

• ISBN13: 9780205340569
• ISBN10: 0205340563
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

The latest revision of this popular school counseling book will help readers understand the components and services that comprise comprehensive school counseling programs in the context of the 21st Century. This edition retains the important historical foundations of the school counseling profession while adding new information about how technology will influence future services for students, parents, and teachers. It also discusses the important role school counselors must assume in developing programs and services for diverse student populations. Diagrams, sample forms, photographs, and other illustrations throughout the book clarify points of information, provide practical examples, and offer opportunities for discussion. For anyone interested in school counseling and/or counselor education.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
The School Counseling Profession	1	(26)
Counseling as a Profession	2	(4)
Development of School Counseling	6	(14)
Emergence of Guidance and Counseling in Schools	8	(6)
Expansion of School Counseling	14	(6)
The Twenty-First Century: A Search for Professional Identity	20	(5)
Additional Readings and Web Sites	25	(1)
Exercises	26	(1)
The School Counselor	27	(34)
Defining School Counseling	28	(3)
Varying Roles of School Counselors	31	(16)
The Elementary School Counselor	32	(6)
The Middle School Counselor	38	(5)
The High School Counselor	43	(4)
Preparation of School Counselors	47	(6)
The Helping Relationship	47	(2)
Human Development	49	(1)
Group Processes	49	(1)
Student Appraisal	50	(1)
Career Development Theory and Information	51	(1)
Educational Research	51	(1)
Social and Cultural Foundations	51	(1)
Ethical and Legal Issues	52	(1)
The School Setting	52	(1)
Technology and the School Counselor	53	(5)
Information Managing and Data Processing	54	(1)
Assessment	55	(1)
Interactive Guidance and Counseling	55	(1)
The Internet	55	(3)
Credentials of School Counselors	58	(2)
State Certification	58	(1)
National Certification	59	(1)
Additional Readings and Web Sites	60	(1)
Exercises	60	(1)
Comprehensive School Counseling Programs	61	(18)
The Purpose of School Counseling Programs	61	(6)
Educational Development	63	(1)
Career Development	64	(1)
Personal and Social Development	65	(2)
A Comprehensive Program	67	(2)
Facilities and Resources	69	(9)
The Counseling Center	69	(5)
Materials and Equipment	74	(1)
Budget	75	(1)
Personnel	76	(2)
Additional Readings and Web Sites	78	(1)
Exercises	78	(1)
Essential Services	79	(30)
Counseling	79	(4)
Individual Counseling	80	(1)
Group Counseling	81	(1)
Student Counseling	82	(1)
Parent and Teacher Counseling	83	(1)
Consulting	83	(11)
Information Services	84	(3)
Instructional Services	87	(1)
Problem-Solving Services	88	(3)
Other School Services	91	(3)
Coordinating	94	(7)
Data Collection and Sharing	94	(3)
Referrals and Follow-Up	97	(2)
Schoolwide Events	99	(2)
Appraising	101	(5)
Student Evaluation	101	(3)
Environmental Evaluation	104	(2)
Additional Readings and Web Sites	106	(1)
Exercises	107	(2)
Developing a Program	109	(26)
Planning	110	(5)
Assessing the Current Program	110	(1)
Seeking Input and Support for Change	111	(1)
Assessing Students', Parents', and Teachers' Needs	112	(2)
Determining Resources	114	(1)
Organizing	115	(5)
Setting Goals	115	(2)
Assigning Responsibilities	117	(2)
Marketing the Program	119	(1)
Implementing	120	(11)
Scheduling Services and Setting Priorities	120	(2)
Balancing Time	122	(1)
Counseling	123	(6)
Consulting	129	(1)
Coordinating	130	(1)
Appraising	130	(1)
Evaluating	131	(1)
Additional Readings and Web Sites	132	(1)
Exercises	133	(2)
Individual Counseling and Group Procedures	135	(28)
What Is Counseling?	135	(2)
Who Needs Counseling?	137	(2)
Goals of Counseling	139	(2)
Individual Counseling in Schools	141	(3)
Establishing a Relationship	141	(1)
Exploring Concerns	142	(1)
Taking Action	142	(1)
Ending the Relationship	143	(1)
Brief Counseling	144	(2)
Crisis Counseling	146	(1)
Counseling Approaches	146	(1)
Group Procedures	147	(8)
A Rationale for Group Process	147	(1)
Group Counseling and Group Guidance	148	(1)
Purpose and Nature of Groups	149	(3)
Leading Groups	152	(1)
Advantages of Group Counseling	153	(1)
Limitations of Group Counseling	153	(1)
Advantages of Group Guidance	154	(1)
Limitations of Group Guidance	154	(1)
Research on Counseling	155	(1)
Research on Groups	156	(4)
Group Guidance Research	156	(2)
Group Counseling Research	158	(2)
Additional Readings and Web Sites	160	(1)
Exercises	161	(2)
Collaboration and Consultation	163	(26)
School Services	164	(8)
Parents and Guardians	165	(3)
Teachers	168	(2)
Principals	170	(1)
Nurses, Psychologists, and Social Workers	171	(1)
Community Agencies	172	(3)
Health Departments	172	(1)
Mental-Health Centers	172	(1)
Social Services	173	(1)
Family Services	173	(2)
Private Practitioners	175	(1)
Counselors as Consultants	175	(8)
Consulting Processes	176	(7)
Research on Consulting	183	(3)
Additional Readings and Web Sites	186	(1)
Exercises	187	(2)
Student Appraisal	189	(30)
Standardized Testing	190	(8)
Standardization	192	(3)
Selection of Tests	195	(1)
Validity and Reliability	196	(2)
Determining Test Usefulness	198	(1)
Using Standardized Tests	198	(4)
Test Security	199	(1)
Administration	199	(1)
Interpretation	199	(3)
Types of Assessment Instruments	202	(5)
Achievement Tests	204	(1)
Aptitude Tests	204	(1)
Interest Inventories	205	(1)
Personality Inventories and Tests	206	(1)
Other Assessment Techniques	207	(8)
Observations	207	(4)
Interviews	211	(1)
Sociometric Methods	212	(2)
Child Study Conferences	214	(1)
Biographical and Self Expression Techniques	214	(1)
The DSM-IV-TR and the School Counselor	215	(1)
Additional Readings and Web Sites	216	(1)
Exercises	217	(2)
Educational Planning and Career Development	219	(22)
Primary Purpose of School Counseling	219	(3)
Educational Planning for All Students	222	(5)
Student Advocacy	224	(1)
Lifelong Learning	225	(2)
Career Planning and Decision Making	227	(8)
Student Awareness	230	(3)
Exploration	233	(1)
Decision Making	234	(1)
Case Study of Johnny	235	(1)
Case Study of Gertrude	236	(2)
Additional Readings and Web Sites	238	(1)
Exercises	239	(2)
Evaluation of a School Counseling Program	241	(28)
Types of Program Evaluation	244	(10)
Goal Attainment	245	(3)
Student Outcomes	248	(1)
Consumer Satisfaction	249	(2)
Expert Assessment	251	(3)
School Counselor Evaluation	254	(9)
What Will Be Evaluated?	256	(1)
How Will Evaluation Be Done?	257	(4)
Who Will Evaluate?	261	(2)
Performance Appraisal Processes and Instruments	263	(4)
Additional Readings and Web Sites	267	(1)
Exercises	267	(2)
Professional Ethics and Legal Issues	269	(24)
Ethical Standards for School Counselors	270	(9)
Responsibilities to Students	271	(2)
Responsibilities to Parents	273	(1)
Responsibilities to Colleagues and Professional Associates	274	(1)
Responsibilities to the School and Community	275	(1)
Responsibilities to Self	276	(1)
Responsibilities to the Profession	277	(1)
Maintenance of Standards	278	(1)
The Nature of Law	279	(3)
The Law and Schools	279	(2)
The Courts	281	(1)
School Board Policies	282	(1)
Legal Issues for School Counselors	282	(10)
Students' Rights	283	(2)
Parents' Rights	285	(1)
The Buckley Amendment	286	(1)
Public Law 94-142	287	(1)
Child Abuse	288	(1)
Counselor Liability	288	(3)
Title IX	291	(1)
Additional Readings and Web Sites	292	(1)
Exercises	292	(1)
School Counseling Today and Tomorrow	293	(18)
Students of Tomorrow	294	(7)
Remedial Concerns	295	(1)
Preventive Issues	296	(1)
Developmental Needs	297	(1)
Poverty	298	(1)
Diversity	299	(2)
Schools of Tomorrow	301	(6)
Technology	303	(1)
Parental Involvement	304	(1)
Teacher Collaboration	305	(1)
School-Based Services	305	(1)
Youth Service	306	(1)
The Future of School Counseling	307	(1)
Additional Readings and Web Sites	308	(1)
Exercises	309	(2)
Appendix A: Ethical Standards	311	(8)
References	319	(16)
Author Index	335	(6)
Subject Index	341