Countries and Concepts : Politics, Geography, Culture

by Roskin, Michael G.

• ISBN13: 9780132432559
• ISBN10: 0132432552
• Edition: 9th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2009-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

Eminently readable and written with candor and spirit, this 9th edition ofCountries and Conceptssimply observes that politics is composed of human conflicts or quarrels, forming patterns that can be studied.Analyzing four European nations and Japan at some length and four developing nations more briefly, this text studies the history, institutions, and political culture of each.For political analysts or those in international business that need to grasp the political culture of the country(ies) they're dealing with.

Table of Contents

FEATURE BOXES	xix
A NOTE TO INSTRUCTORS	xxxi
CHAPTER 1 THE CONCEPT OF COUNTRY	1	(15)
The Modern State	2	(1)
The Rise of Nationalism	3	(1)
Looking for Quarrels	4	(1)
The Impact of the Past	5	(2)
The Key Institutions	7	(1)
Political Culture	8	(1)
Patterns of Interaction	9	(3)
What People Quarrel About	12	(2)
Key Terms	14	(1)
Key Web Sites	14	(1)
Further Reference	15	(1)
Part I Great Britain	16	(68)
CHAPTER 2 BRITAIN: THE IMPACT OF THE PAST	18	(12)
Magna Carta	20	(1)
The Rise of Parliament	21	(1)
Henry VIII	22	(1)
Parliament versus King	23	(1)
Cromwell's Commonwealth	24	(1)
The "Glorious Revolution"	24	(1)
The Rise of the Prime Minister	25	(1)
The Democratization of Parliament	25	(3)
The Rise of the Welfare State	28	(1)
Key Terms	28	(1)
Further Reference	29	(1)
CHAPTER 3 BRITAIN: THE KEY INSTITUTIONS	30	(16)
The Monarch	31	(2)
The Cabinet	33	(3)
The Prime Minister	36	(3)
Commons	39	(2)
How Commons Works	41	(1)
Peerless Lords	42	(2)
The Parties	44	(1)
Key Terms	44	(1)
Further Reference	45	(1)
CHAPTER 4 BRITISH POUTICAL CULTURE	46	(12)
"Public" Schools	48	(1)
"Oxbridge"	49	(1)
Class and Voting	49	(1)
The Deferential British?	50	(1)
British Civility	50	(2)
Pragmatism	52	(1)
Traditions and Symbols	53	(1)
Legitimacy and Authority	54	(1)
The Ulster Ulcer	54	(2)
A Changing Political Culture	56	(1)
Key Terms	57	(1)
Further Reference	57	(1)
CHAPTER 5 BRITAIN: PATTERNS OF INTERACTION	58	(12)
National and Local Party	60	(1)
Politics within the Parties	60	(4)
Parties and Interest Groups	64	(1)
The Parties Face Each Other	65	(1)
The Cabinet and the Civil Servants	66	(1)
The Civil Service and Interest Groups	67	(2)
Key Terms	69	(1)
Further Reference	69	(1)
CHAPTER 6 WHAT BRITONS QUARREL ABOUT	70	(14)
The "British Disease"	71	(1)
The Thatcher Cure	72	(4)
The Trouble with National Health	76	(1)
Is Northern Ireland Settled?	77	(1)
Britain's Race Problem	77	(3)
Britain and Europe	80	(2)
Great Britain or Little England?	82	(1)
Key Terms	82	(1)
Further Reference	83	(1)
Part II France	84	(76)
CHAPTER 7 FRANCE THE IMPACT OF THE PAST	86	(14)
The Roman Influence	87	(1)
The Rise of French Absolutism	88	(2)
Louis XIV: The High Point of Absolutism	90	(2)
Why the French Revolution?	92	(2)
From Freedom to Tyranny	94	(1)
The Bourbon Restoration	94	(2)
The Third Republic	96	(1)
Vichy: France Splits Again	97	(1)
The Fourth Republic	98	(1)
Key Terms	99	(1)
Further Reference	99	(1)
CHAPTER 8 FRANCE: THE KEY INSTITUTIONS	100	(16)
A Semipresidential System	101	(3)
Premier and Cabinet	104	(4)
The National Assembly	108	(2)
A Senate That Fights Back	110	(1)
The French Multiparty System	110	(2)
France's Electoral System	112	(2)
The Constitutional Council	114	(1)
Key Terms	114	(1)
Further Reference	115	(1)
CHAPTER 9 FRENCH POLITICAL CULTURE	116	(16)
Historical Roots of French Attitudes	118	(1)
A Climate of Mistrust	119	(1)
The Nasty Split	120	(2)
School for Grinds	122	(1)
The "Great Schools"	123	(2)
The Fear of "Face to Face"	125	(1)
Freedom or Authority?	126	(1)
Social Class	127	(1)
The Great Calming Down	128	(2)
Key Terms	130	(1)
Further Reference	130	(2)
CHAPTER 10 FRANCE: PATTERNS OF INTERACTION	132	(14)
The Emerging Party System	134	(1)
The Demise of the French Communists	135	(1)
The Fractured Right	136	(1)
The Stalemate Cycle	137	(2)
Referendum Madness	139	(2)
Fragmented Labor Unions	141	(1)
Business and the Bureaucracy	141	(2)
The Eternal Bureaucracy	143	(1)
Government by Bureaucracy	144	(1)
Key Terms	145	(1)
Further Reference	145	(1)
CHAPTER 11 WHAT THE FRENCH QUARREL ABOUT	146	(14)
Big Guys versus Little Guys	148	(2)
The Privatization Question	150	(2)
Unemployment: The Giant Problem	152	(2)
France's Racial Problem	154	(3)
France's Education Problems	157	(1)
France and Europe	157	(1)
Key Terms	158	(1)
Further Reference	158	(2)
Part III Germany	160	(100)
CHAPTER 12 GERMANY: THE IMPACT OF THE PAST	162	(18)
Who Are the Germans?	163	(2)
The Fragmented Nation	165	(3)
The Rise of Prussia	168	(1)
German Nationalism	168	(2)
The Second Reich	170	(2)
The Catastrophe: World War 1	172	(1)
Republic without Democrats	173	(1)
The Third Reich	174	(2)
The Occupation	176	(2)
Key Terms	178	(1)
Further Reference	178	(2)
CHAPTER 13 GERMANY: THE KEY INSTITUTIONS	180	(16)
The President	182	(1)
The Chancellor	183	(2)
The Cabinet	185	(2)
The Bundestag	187	(1)
The Constitutional Court	188	(1)
From "Two-Plus" to Multiparty System?	189	(2)
The Bundesrat	191	(1)
A Split Electoral System	191	(4)
Key Terms	195	(1)
Further Reference	195	(1)
CHAPTER 14 GERMAN POLITICAL CULTURE	196	(14)
The Moral Vacuum	198	(1)
The Remembrance of Things Past	198	(3)
The Generation Gap	201	(1)
A Normal Germany?	202	(2)
The Disorienting Unification	204	(2)
The End of Shell Shock	206	(1)
The German Political Elite	207	(1)
The German Split Personality	208	(1)
Key Terms	208	(1)
Further Reference	209	(1)
CHAPTER 15 GERMANY: PATTERNS OF INTERACTION	210	(16)
Parties and the Electorate	211	(3)
The Chancellor and the Electorate	214	(2)
German Dealignment?	216	(2)
The Bundestag and the Citizen	218	(1)
The Union-Party Linkup	219	(1)
The Linder and Berlin	220	(1)
German Voting Patterns	221	(3)
Key Terms	224	(1)
Further Reference	224	(2)
CHAPTER 16 WHAT GERMANS QUARREL ABOUT	226	(14)
The End of the Miracle	228	(3)
How to Merge Two Economies	231	(2)
How Much Welfare?	233	(1)
The Flood of Foreigners	234	(2)
Is Berlin Weimar?	236	(2)
Key Terms	238	(1)
Further Reference	238	(2)
CHAPTER 17 THE EUROPEAN UNION	240	(20)
Impact of the Past	242	(5)
A History of Wishful Thinking	242	(4)
"Ever Closer Union"	246	(1)
The Key Institutions	247	(3)
Democratic Deficit	249	(1)
The Political Culture of the EU	250	(1)
Patterns of Interaction	251	(4)
An Elite Thing	251	(1)
Attack of the Polish Plumbers	252	(3)
What Europeans Quarrel About	255	(3)
Liberal Europe versus Social Europe	255	(1)
Europe's Budget Battles	255	(2)
What Next?	257	(1)
Key Terms	258	(1)
Further Reference	258	(2)
Part IV Russia	260	(76)
CHAPTER 18 RUSSIA: THE IMPACT OF THE PAST	262	(16)
The Slavic People	263	(2)
Russian Autocracy	265	(1)
Absolutism or Anarchy?	265	(1)
Forced Modernization	266	(1)
Westernizers and Slavophiles	266	(1)
From Frustration to Revolution	267	(1)
Marxism Comes to Russia	267	(2)
Curtain Raiser: The 1905 Revolution	269	(1)
World War I and Collapse	270	(1)
The Revolution and Civil War	271	(1)
War Communism and NEP	272	(4)
Key Terms	276	(1)
Further Reference	276	(2)
CHAPTER 19 RUSSIA: THE KEY INSTITUTIONS	278	(16)
The Stalin System	279	(3)
A Centralized Federal System	282	(3)
The New System	285	(6)
A Party System under Construction	291	(1)
Key Terms	292	(1)
Further Reference	292	(2)
CHAPTER 20 RUSSIAN POLITICAL CULTURE	294	(14)
The Russian Difference	295	(1)
The Mask of Legitimacy	296	(3)
The Illusion of Ideology	299	(1)
The Rediscovery of Civil Society	300	(3)
Natural Egalitarians?	303	(1)
Russian Racism	304	(1)
A Culture of Insecurity	305	(1)
Russia: Paranoid or Normal?	306	(1)
Key Terms	307	(1)
Further Reference	307	(1)
CHAPTER 21 RUSSIA: PATTERNS OF INTERACTION	308	(14)
Reformers versus Conservatives	309	(3)
President versus Parliament	312	(2)
The Taming of the Oligarchs	314	(3)
The Mafia	317	(1)
The Army	317	(3)
Transition to What?	320	(1)
Key Terms	320	(1)
Further Reference	320	(2)
CHAPTER 22 WHAT RUSSIANS QUARREL ABOUT	322	(14)
Why the Soviet Union Collapsed	323	(1)
How to Reform?	324	(1)
From the Rubble of the Ruble	325	(3)
Recover the Lost Republics?	328	(4)
A Middle Way for Socialism?	332	(1)
Which Way Russia?	332	(2)
Key Terms	334	(1)
Further Reference	334	(2)
Part V Japan	336	(70)
CHAPTER 23 JAPAN: THE IMPACT OF THE PAST	338	(14)
Japanese Feudalism	340	(1)
The European Jolt	341	(1)
The Forced Entry	342	(1)
The 1868 Meiji Restoration	343	(2)
The Path to War	345	(1)
The Great Pacific War	346	(2)
Up from the Ashes	348	(2)
Key Terms	350	(1)
Further Reference	350	(2)
CHAPTER 24 JAPAN: THE KEY INSTITUTIONS	352	(14)
The Monarchy	353	(2)
The Prime Minister	355	(2)
The Diet	357	(1)
The Parties	358	(2)
Japan's Electoral System	360	(2)
The Ministries	362	(2)
Japanese Territorial Organization	364	(1)
Key Terms	364	(1)
Further Reference	364	(2)
CHAPTER 25 JAPANESE POLITICAL CULTURE	366	(14)
The Cult of the Group	369	(2)
Education for Grinds	371	(2)
Death of a Sarariman	373	(2)
Political Suicide	375	(1)
The "New Human Race"	376	(2)
Key Terms	378	(1)
Further Reference	379	(1)
CHAPTER 26 JAPAN? PATTERNS OF INTERACTION	380	(12)
Bureaucrats in Command	382	(3)
Corruption Scandals	385	(3)
No One in Charge?	388	(1)
No Losers	389	(1)
Reform without Change	390	(1)
Key Terms	391	(1)
Further Reference	391	(1)
CHAPTER 27 WHAT JAPANESE QUARREL ABOUT	392	(14)
The Japanese Economic Miracle	393	(1)
The Secret of Japan's Success	394	(3)
From Bubble to Burst	397	(1)
Should Japanese Live Better?	398	(3)
Should Japan Re-Arm?	401	(3)
A New Japan?	404	(1)
Key Terms	404	(1)
Further Reference	404	(2)
Part VI China	406	(72)
CHAPTER 28 CHINA: THE IMPACT OF THE PAST	408	(14)
The Bureaucratic Empire	409	(6)
The Long Collapse	415	(2)
From Empire to Republic	417	(1)
The Communist Triumph	418	(2)
Key Terms	420	(1)
Further Reference	420	(2)
CHAPTER 29 CHINA: THE KEY INISTITUTIONS	422	(14)
The Importance of the Party	423	(1)
The Soviet Parallel	424	(3)
The Party	427	(4)
The Army	431	(2)
A Unitary System with Chinese Characteristics	433	(1)
Key Terms	434	(1)
Further Reference	434	(2)
CHAPTER 30 CHINESE POLITICAL CULTURE	436	(14)
Traditional Culture	437	(2)
Nationalism	439	(1)
Maoism	440	(3)
Crouching Anger, Hidden Dissent	443	(5)
Proud China	448	(1)
Key Terms	448	(1)
Further Reference	448	(2)
CHAPTER 31 CHINA: PATTERNS OF INTERACTION	450	(28)
Cycles of Upheaval	451	(1)
Chinese Liberal and Conservative Politics	452	(2)
Rule by Engineers	454	(2)
Emerging Pluralism?	456	(4)
Rice-Roots Democracy	460	(1)
Coercion in Reserve	461	(1)
Key Terms	462	(1)
Further Reference	462	(4)
It Only Looks Capitalist	466	(1)
Yuan and Dollars	467	(2)
A Market Economy for China?	469	(3)
A Middle Way for the Middle Kingdom?	472	(1)
Enraging the Dragon	473	(1)
China and the World	474	(2)
Key Terms	476	(1)
Further Reference	476	(2)
part VII The Third World	478	(99)
CHAPTER 33 MEXICO	482	(32)
The Impact of the Past	483	(10)
New Spain	483	(2)
Mexican Independence	485	(1)
Between Monarchy and Republic	486	(3)
The Mexican Revolution	489	(1)
The Revolution Institutionalized	489	(4)
The Key Institutions	493	(5)
The Six-Year Presidency	494	(1)
Mexico's Legislature	495	(1)
Mexico's Dominant-Party System	496	(1)
Mexican Federalism	497	(1)
Mexican Political Culture	498	(3)
Mexico's Indian Heritage	499	(1)
Imported Ideologies	500	(1)
Patterns of Interaction	501	(5)
Politics inside PRI	503	(1)
Mexican Catholicism	504	(1)
Crime and Politics	504	(2)
What Mexicans Quarrel About	506	(6)
Population and Jobs	506	(3)
The NAFTA Question	509	(1)
Drugs: A Mexican or U.S. Problem?	510	(1)
Illegal or Undocumented?	510	(1)
Modern Mexico?	511	(1)
Key Terms	512	(1)
Key Web Sites	512	(1)
Further Reference	513	(1)
CHAPTER 34 NIGERIA	514	(28)
The Impact of the Past	515	(8)
The Coming of the Europeans	516	(2)
The Scramble for Africa	518	(1)
The Colonial Interlude	519	(2)
Independence	521	(2)
The Key Institutions	523	(4)
From British to U.S. Model	524	(1)
The National Assembly	524	(1)
Nigeria's Parties	525	(2)
Nigerian Political Culture	527	(5)
Nigerian Fragmentation	527	(2)
The Igbo and Biafra	529	(2)
The Trouble with Nigeria	531	(1)
Democrats without Democracy	531	(1)
Patterns of Interaction	532	(2)
Count the Coups	532	(2)
What Nigerians Quarrel About	534	(6)
The Corruption Factor	536	(2)
Oil and Democracy	538	(2)
Key Terms	540	(1)
Key Web Sites	540	(1)
Further Reference	541	(1)
CHAPTER 35 IRAN	542	(30)
The Impact of the Past	543	(6)
The Arab Conquest	544	(2)
Western Penetration	546	(1)
The First Pahlavi	546	(2)
The Last Pahlavi	548	(1)
The Key Institutions	549	(4)
A Theocracy	549	(1)
Iran's Legislature	550	(3)
Emerging Parties?	553	(1)
An Unfree System	553	(1)
Iranian Political Culture	553	(5)
Islam as a Political Ideology	555	(1)
Democracy and Authority	556	(1)
Iranian Nationalism	557	(1)
Patterns of Interaction	558	(5)
Religion as a Political Tool	558	(1)
Moderates and Islamists in Iran	559	(3)
The Revolution Burns Out	562	(1)
What Iranians Quarrel About	563	(7)
Which Way for Iran's Economy	563	(2)
The Veiled Debate on Islam	565	(1)
What Kind of Foreign Policy?	565	(3)
Do Revolutions End Badly?	568	(2)
Key Terms	570	(1)
Key Web Sites	570	(1)
Further Reference	570	(2)
CHAPTER 36 LESSONS OF NINE COUNTRIES	572	(5)
GLOSSARY	577	(18)
PHOTO CREDITS	595	(1)
INDEX	596