A Coursebook on Scientific and Professional Writing for Speech-Language Pathology

by Hegde, M. N.

• ISBN13: 9781401818050
• ISBN10: 1401818056
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Spiral Bound
• Copyright: 2003-01-08
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Teaching and learning to write in technical and professional language is an important part of speech-language pathology education. A Coursebook on Scientific and Professional Writing for Speech-Language Pathology, 3e has a long-standing tradition as the only product that covers writing skills that are specific to the profession of speech-language pathology. This product includes guidelines of scientific and professional writing based on the fifth edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) and provides new rules of usage and their correct and incorrect exemplars. A Coursebook on Scientific and Professional Writing for Speech-Language Pathology is divided into three parts covering basic writing skills that are the foundation of good writing, scientific writing in accordance with the fifth edition of APA, and writing assessment reports, treatment plan, progress reports, and professional correspondence.

Table of Contents

Preface to the Third Edition	xv
Introduction	1	(4)
PART A FOUNDATIONS OF SCIENTIFIC AND PROFESSIONAL WRITING	5	(128)
Basic Rules of Usage	6	(40)
Ampersand
Use the Ampersand Correctly	6	(1)
Apostrophe
Do Not Turn a Possessive Into a Plural	6	(2)
Do Not Turn a Plural Into a Possessive	8	(2)
Use the Correct Forms of Possessive Nouns	10	(6)
Use the Possessive Forms of Pronouns Correctly	16	(1)
Distinguish Contractions From Possessives	16	(2)
Unusual Plurals
Use Unusual Singulars and Plurals Correctly	18	(4)
Comma
Use a Serial Comma	22	(1)
Do Not Use a Serial Comma When You Write Only Two Parallel Terms and Connect Them With a Conjunction	22	(2)
Use a Comma to Separate Parenthetic Expressions When You Do Not Use Parentheses	24	(1)
Place a Comma Before a Conjunction Introducing an Independent Clause	24	(1)
Do Not Use a Comma Before a Conjunction That Is Followed by a Dependent Clause	24	(2)
Dash
Prefer a Dash to a Comma to Set Off an Abrupt Break or Interruption	26	(1)
Join Independent Clauses With a Semicolon When the Clauses Are Not Joined by a Conjunction	26	(2)
Agreement
Follow the Rules of Agreement	28	(8)
Modifiers
Use Modifiers Correctly	36	(2)
Pronouns
Clarify the Referents of Pronouns	38	(1)
Let the Pronoun Agree in Number With Its Antecedent	38	(1)
Use the Proper Case of Pronoun	38	(2)
Sentence Fragments
Do Not Break a Sentence Into Two	40	(1)
Do Not Write Sentence Fragments as a Series of Declarative Statements	40	(1)
Do Not Punctuate Appositives	40	(2)
Nouns and Adjectives
Use Certain Terms Only in Their Adjectival Forms	42	(1)
Do Not Turn a Noun Into a Verb	42	(2)
Participal Phrase
Let a Participial Phrase at the Beginning of a Sentence Refer to the Grammatical Subject	44	(2)
Basic Rules of Composition	46	(70)
Structure of Research Papers
Design a Broad Outline of Your Paper	46	(2)
Design Headings and Subheadings of Your Paper	48	(2)
Composing Paragraphs
Write Paragraphs That Express Related Ideas	50	(2)
Do Not Write Paragraphs That Are Too Long	52	(2)
Do Not Write One-Sentence Paragraphs	54	(2)
Begin and End Most Paragraphs With Transitionary Sentences	56	(2)
Concise and Direct Writing
Prefer the Shorter to the Longer Sentences	58	(1)
Use the Active Voice	58	(2)
Say What It Is, Instead of What It Is Not	60	(1)
Avoid Too Many Qualifications	60	(2)
Use Definite, Specific, and Concrete Language	62	(2)
Eliminate or Replace Unnecessary Phrases	64	(8)
Avoid Redundant Phrases	72	(6)
Avoid Wordiness	78	(2)
Avoid Jargon	80	(2)
Avoid Euphemism	82	(2)
Keep Related Words Together	84	(2)
Parallelism
Write in Parallel Terms	86	(2)
Maintain Parallelism in Numbered or Bulleted Lists	88	(2)
Misplaced or Dangling Modifiers
Avoid Dangling Modifiers	90	(1)
Avoid Misplaced Modifiers	90	(2)
Shifts Within and Between Sentences
Avoid Shifts Within and Between Sentences	92	(2)
Quotations
Make Quotations Count	94	(2)
Do Not Overuse Quotations	96	(2)
Do Not Include Islands of Quotations	98	(1)
Do Not Begin a Sentence With a Quotation	98	(2)
Use Quotation and Punctuation Marks Correctly	100	(1)
Do Not Misuse Quotation Marks	100	(2)
Give References for All Direct Quotations	102	(2)
Reproduce Quotations Exactly	104	(1)
Integrate Quotations of Fewer Than 40 Words With The Text	104	(2)
Arrange Quotations as a Block When They Have 40 Words or More	106	(2)
Show Correctly the Changes in Quotations	108	(2)
Precision in the Use of Scientific Terms
Use the Terms Ending in -ology Correctly	110	(2)
Use Certain Terms Ending in -ics Correctly	112	(2)
Use of Fresh Langauge
Avoid Cliches	114	(1)
Avoid Colloquial or Informal Expressions	114	(2)
Commonly Misused Words and Phrases	116	(17)
Accept and Except	116	(1)
Affect and Effect	116	(2)
Alternate and Alternative	118	(1)
Allusion and Illusion	118	(1)
And/Or	118	(2)
Baseline and Baserate	120	(1)
Effect and Impact	120	(2)
Elicit and Evoke	122	(1)
Elicit and Illicit	122	(2)
Farther and Further	124	(1)
Focus and Analysis (Study)	124	(2)
Incidence and Prevalence	126	(1)
Inter- and Intra-	126	(2)
Latter and Later	128	(1)
Proof and Support	128	(2)
Secondly and Thirdly	130	(1)
Since and Because	130	(1)
There and Their	130	(3)
PART B SCIENTIFIC WRITING	133	(71)
Introduction to Scientific Writing	135	(2)
Writing Without Bias	137	(9)
Write Without Gender Bias	138	(2)
Write Without Prejudicial Reference to Disabilities	140	(2)
Write Without Prejudicial Reference to Ethnic or Racial Background	142	(2)
Write Without Prejudicial Reference to People With Varied Sexual Orientation	144	(2)
Format of Scientific Writing	146	(14)
Margins
Leave Correct Margins	146	(1)
Title Page
Type Correctly the Title Page of a Paper For Publication	147	(1)
Type Correctly the Title Page of a Class (Term) Paper	148	(1)
Type the Manuscript Page Header and the Running Head Correctly	149	(1)
Abstract Page
Write an Abstract on the Second Page	150	(1)
Beginning of Text
Begin the Text (Untitled Introduction) on Page Three	151	(1)
Headings and Subheadings
Use the Headings Within the Text Consistently	152	(6)
Paper, Printer, and Type Faces
Use Acceptable Paper	158	(1)
Use Acceptable Computer Printers	158	(1)
Use Acceptable Type Faces and Size	158	(1)
Use Boldface Correctly	158	(1)
Page Numbers
Number the Pages Correctly	159	(1)
Reprint the Corrected Pages	159	(1)
Line Spacing
Use Appropriate Line Spacing	159	(1)
Selected Matters of Scientific Style	160	(44)
Capitalization
Capitalize the First Words	160	(1)
Capitalize the First and the Major Words	160	(1)
Capitalize the First and the Major Words in Most Headings	160	(1)
Capitalize Proper Nouns and Trade Names	161	(1)
Capitalize the Chapters and Sections the Reader is Referred to	161	(1)
Capitalize Nouns That Are Followed by a Number or Letter	161	(1)
Capitalize Both Words in Otherwise Capitalized Hyphenated Compound	161	(1)
Do Not Capitalize the Second Word of a Hyphenated Compound in Reference Lists	162	(1)
Italicization
Use Italics Correctly Within the Body of Text	162	(1)
Use Italics Correctly in the Reference List	163	(1)
Hyphenation
Use the Hyphen Correctly	163	(3)
Do Not Overuse the Hyphen	166	(1)
Do Not Misuse the Hyphen	166	(2)
Indentation
Use Correct Indentation	168	(1)
Space After Punctuation
Give Correct Space or No Space After Punctuation	168	(2)
Abbreviations
Write Out Abbreviations the First Time You Use the Term and Enclose the Abbreviations in Parentheses	170	(1)
Do Not Start a Sentence With a Lowercase Abbreviation	170	(2)
Use Latin Abbreviations Only in Parenthetical Constructions	172	(1)
Add the Lowercase Plural Morpheme s to Plural Abbreviations Without an Apostrophe	172	(2)
With Abbreviations, Use the Period Correctly	174	(1)
Abbreviate Units of Measurement When a Number Is Specified	174	(2)
Numbers in Words or Numerals
Write Out Units of Measurement When a Number Is Not Specified	176	(1)
Use Roman Numerals Only When It Is an Established Practice	176	(1)
Use Arabic Numerals For Numbers 10 and Above	176	(2)
Use Numerals for Numbers Below 10 in Specified Contexts	178	(2)
Write Out in Words Numbers Below 10 in Specified Contexts	180	(2)
Write Out in Words Any Number That Begins a Sentence	182	(1)
Combine Words and Numerals in Specified Contexts	182	(2)
Reference Citations Within the Text
Cite the Author's Last Name and Year of Publication in the Text	184	(1)
Cite Both Names in the Text When a Work Has Two Authors	184	(2)
Cite Works With Three to Five Authors Using All the Authors' Names Only the First Time	186	(1)
Cite Works of Six or More Authors by Only the First Author	186	(2)
Distinguish Works of Multiple Authors Published in the Same Year	188	(2)
Join Multiple Names With and or &	190	(1)
Cite Multiple Authors With the Same Last Name With Their Initials Every Time They Are Cited	190	(2)
Cite Multiple Works of the Same Author in a Temporally Ascending Order	192	(1)
Attach Alphabetical Suffixes to the Same Author's Multiple Publications in the Same Year	192	(2)
Within Parentheses, Arrange the Last Names of Multiple Authors in Alphabetical Order	194	(1)
Cite Secondary Sources Sparingly and Correctly	194	(2)
Reference List
Distinguish Between a Reference List and a Bibliography	196	(1)
Begin the Reference List on a New Page With a Centered, Uppercase, and Lowercase Heading	196	(2)
In the Reference List, Arrange References in Alphabetical Order	198	(1)
Arrange Multiple Works of the Same Single Author From the Earliest to the Latest Year	198	(2)
Alphabetize the Titles of Several Works of the Same Author, Each Published in the Same Year	200	(1)
Arrange the Multiple Works of the Same Author Published in a Different Year, in a Temporally Ascending Order	200	(1)
Alphabetize the Different Authors With the Same Last Name According to Their Initials	200	(2)
Format Each Entry in the Reference List With a Hanging Indent of 5 Spaces	202	(1)
Use the Specified Abbreviations in Reference Lists	202	(2)
SELECTED EXAMPLES OF REFERENCES	204	(31)
Journal Articles
Journal Articles in Reference Lists	204	(2)
Arrange Correctly the Articles With Multiple Authors	206	(1)
Reference Correctly the Different Forms of Journal Publications	206	(2)
Magazines and Newspaper Articles
Reference Correctly the Publications From Magazines and Newspapers	208	(1)
Abstracts
Reference Correctly the ARticle Abstracts Used as the Primary Source	208	(2)
Books and Book Chapters
Books in Reference Lists	210	(2)
Edited Books and Chapters in Edited Books	212	(2)
Proceedings, Presentations, and Reports
Proceedings of Conferences and Symposia Published as a Book	214	(1)
Unpublished Convention Presentations	214	(1)
Unpublished Poster Session Presentations	214	(2)
Reports From Organizations and Government Agencies	216	(2)
Dissertations and Theses
Unpublished Articles, Theses, or Dissertations	218	(1)
Theses and Dissertations in Abstracts International	218	(2)
Electronic Sources in the Reference List
Reference the Electronic Sources Correctly	220	(1)
Reference Correctly an Article From a Journal Available on the Internet	221	(1)
Reference Correctly an Article or an Abstract Retrieved From an Aggregated Database	221	(1)
Reference Correctly an Electronic Version of a Daily Newspaper Article	222	(1)
Reference Correctly a Document or Report Available on a U.S. Government Web Site	222	(1)
Reference Correctly a Document or Report From a Private Organization Available on its Web Site	222	(1)
Reference Correctly Computer Software Programs	223	(2)
Writing Sections of Research Papers and Proposals	225	(10)
Completed Empirical Studies
Sections of a Research Paper	225	(5)
Writing the Different Sections of a Reearch Paper
Write the Review, the Methods, and the Results Sections of a Completed Study in the Past Tense	230	(1)
Write the Discussion Section of a Completed Study in the Present Tense	230	(1)
Writing a Research Proposal
Write the Review Section of a Research Proposal in the Past Tense	230	(2)
Write the Methods and Expected Results Sections of a Research Proposal in the Future Tense	232	(3)
PART C PROFESSIONAL WRITING	235	(198)
Introduction to Professional Writing	236	(1)
Formats of Diagnostic Reports	237	(12)
Outline of a Typical Diagnostic Report on a Child Client	238	(2)
Outline of a Typical Diagnostic Report on an Adult Client	240	(2)
Anatomy of an Assessment Report	242	(7)
Sample Diagnostic Reports	249	(14)
Sample Diagnostic Report: Articulation Disorder	250	(3)
Sample Diagnostic Report: Voice Disorder	253	(3)
Sample Diagnostic Report: Aphasia and Apraxia	256	(4)
Sample Diagnostic Report: Stuttering	260	(3)
Practice in Clinical Report Writing	263	(58)
Assessment Report: Articulation Disorder	264	(14)
Assessment Report: Child Language Disorder	278	(14)
Assessment Report: Stuttering	292	(14)
Assessment Report: Voice Disorder	306	(15)
Reports Written As Letters	321	(6)
Letter 1: Laryngectomy Speech-Language Evaluation	322	(2)
Letter 2: Adult Voice Evaluation	324	(3)
Practice in Writing Reports As Letters	327	(6)
Assessment Report as a Letter: Articulation Disorder	328	(5)
Comprehensive Treatment Plans	333	(4)
Comprehensive Treatment Plan: Articulation Disorder	334	(3)
Brief Treatment Plans	337	(10)
Brief Treatment Plan: Fluency Disorder	338	(2)
Brief Treatment Plan: Articulation Disorder	340	(2)
Brief Treatment Plan: Child Language Disorder	342	(2)
Brief Treatment Plan: Voice Disorder	344	(3)
Individualized Educational Programs	347	(6)
IEP: Treatment of Child Language Disorder	348	(1)
IEP: Treatment of Articulation Disorder	349	(1)
IEP: Treatment of Voice Disorder	350	(1)
IEP: Treatment of Fluency Disorder	351	(2)
Practice in Writing Treatment Plans	353	(26)
Comprehensive Treatment Plan: Child Language Disorder	354	(8)
Brief Treatment Plan: Fluency Disorder	362	(4)
Brief Treatment Plan: Articulation Disorder	366	(4)
Brief Treatment Plan: Child Language Disorder	370	(4)
Brief Treatment Plan: Voice Disorder	374	(5)
Progress Reports	379	(16)
Progress Report: Treatment of Stuttering	380	(3)
Progress Report: Treatment of Articulation Disorder	383	(2)
Progress Report: Treatment of Child Language Disorder	385	(2)
Progress Report: Treatment of Voice Disorder	387	(3)
Progress Report: Written as a Letter	390	(5)
Practice in Writing Progress Reports	395	(28)
Progress Report: Treatment of Stuttering	396	(6)
Progress Report: Treatment of Articulation Disorder	402	(6)
Progress Report: Treatment of Child Language Disorder	408	(6)
Progress Report: Treatment of Voice Disorder	414	(6)
Progress Report: Written as a Letter	420	(3)
Professional Letters	423	(4)
A Thank You Letter	424	(1)
A Referral Letter	425	(2)
Practice in Writing Professional Letters	427	(6)
A Thank You Letter	428	(2)
A Referral Letter	430	(3)
Appendix A Selected References	433	(4)
Appendix B Glossary	437	(8)
Index	445