A Coursebook on Scientific and Professional Writing in Speech-Language Pathology

by Hegde, M. N.

• ISBN13: 9781565938687
• ISBN10: 1565938682
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1998-01-01
• Publisher: Singular Pub Group

Summary

Coursebook to aid students in their technical writing skills. Reflects the writing style of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 4th ed. For instructors and students. Wire-spiral binding. DNLM: Writing.

Table of Contents

Preface to the Third Edition	p. xv
Introduction	p. 1
Foundations of Scientific and Professional Writing	p. 5
Basic Rules of Usage	p. 6
Ampersand
Use the Ampersand Correctly	p. 6
Apostrophe
Do Not Turn a Possessive Into a Plural	p. 6
Do Not Turn a Plural Into a Possessive	p. 8
Use the Correct Forms of Possessive Nouns	p. 10
Use the Possessive Forms of Pronouns Correctly	p. 16
Distinguish Contractions From Possessives	p. 16
Unusual Plurals
Use Unusual Singulars and Plurals Correctly	p. 18
Comma
Use a Serial Comma	p. 22
Do Not Use a Serial Comma When You Write Only Two Parallel Terms and Connect Them With a Conjunction	p. 22
Use a Comma to Separate Parenthetic Expressions When You Do Not Use Parentheses	p. 24
Place a Comma Before a Conjunction Introducing an Independent Clause	p. 24
Do Not Use a Comma Before a Conjunction That Is Followed by a Dependent Clause	p. 24
Dash
Prefer a Dash to a Comma to Set Off an Abrupt Break or Interruption	p. 26
Join Independent Clauses With a Semicolon When the Clauses Are Not Joined by a Conjunction	p. 26
Agreement
Follow the Rules of Agreement	p. 28
Modifiers
Use Modifiers Correctly	p. 36
Pronouns
Clarify the Referents of Pronouns	p. 38
Let the Pronoun Agree in Number With Its Antecedent	p. 38
Use the Proper Case of Pronoun	p. 38
Sentence Fragments
Do Not Break a Sentence Into Two	p. 40
Do Not Write Sentence Fragments as a Series of Declarative Statements	p. 40
Do Not Punctuate Appositives	p. 40
Nouns and Adjectives
Use Certain Terms Only in Their Adjectival Forms	p. 42
Do Not Turn a Noun Into a Verb	p. 42
Participal Phrase
Let a Participial Phrase at the Beginning of a Sentence Refer to the Grammatical Subject	p. 44
Basic Rules of Composition	p. 46
Structure of Research Papers
Design a Broad Outline of Your Paper	p. 46
Design Headings and Subheadings of Your Paper	p. 48
Composing Paragraphs
Write Paragraphs That Express Related Ideas	p. 50
Do Not Write Paragraphs That Are Too Long	p. 52
Do Not Write One-Sentence Paragraphs	p. 54
Begin and End Most Paragraphs With Transitionary Sentences	p. 56
Concise and Direct Writing
Prefer the Shorter to the Longer Sentences	p. 58
Use the Active Voice	p. 58
Say What It Is, Instead of What It Is Not	p. 60
Avoid Too Many Qualifications	p. 60
Use Definite, Specific, and Concrete Language	p. 62
Eliminate or Replace Unnecessary Phrases	p. 64
Avoid Redundant Phrases	p. 72
Avoid Wordiness	p. 78
Avoid Jargon	p. 80
Avoid Euphemism	p. 82
Keep Related Words Together	p. 84
Parallelism
Write in Parallel Terms	p. 86
Maintain Parallelism in Numbered or Bulleted Lists	p. 88
Misplaced or Dangling Modifiers
Avoid Dangling Modifiers	p. 90
Avoid Misplaced Modifiers	p. 90
Shifts Within and Between Sentences
Avoid Shifts Within and Between Sentences	p. 92
Quotations
Make Quotations Count	p. 94
Do Not Overuse Quotations	p. 96
Do Not Include Islands of Quotations	p. 98
Do Not Begin a Sentence With a Quotation	p. 98
Use Quotation and Punctuation Marks Correctly	p. 100
Do Not Misuse Quotation Marks	p. 100
Give References for All Direct Quotations	p. 102
Reproduce Quotations Exactly	p. 104
Integrate Quotations of Fewer Than 40 Words With The Text	p. 104
Arrange Quotations as a Block When They Have 40 Words or More	p. 106
Show Correctly the Changes in Quotations	p. 108
Precision in the Use of Scientific Terms
Use the Terms Ending in -ology Correctly	p. 110
Use Certain Terms Ending in -ics Correctly	p. 112
Use of Fresh Language
Avoid Cliches	p. 114
Avoid Colloquial or Informal Expressions	p. 114
Commonly Misused Words and Phrases	p. 116
Accept and Except	p. 116
Affect and Effect	p. 116
Alternate and Alternative	p. 118
Allusion and Illusion	p. 118
And/Or	p. 118
Baseline and Baserate	p. 120
Effect and Impact	p. 120
Elicit and Evoke	p. 122
Elicit and Illicit	p. 122
Farther and Further	p. 124
Focus and Analysis (Study)	p. 124
Incidence and Prevalence	p. 126
Inter- and Intra-	p. 126
Latter and Later	p. 128
Proof and Support	p. 128
Secondly and Thirdly	p. 130
Since and Because	p. 130
There and Their	p. 130
Scientific Writing	p. 133
Introduction to Scientific Writing	p. 135
Writing Without Bias	p. 137
Write Without Gender Bias	p. 138
Write Without Prejudicial Reference to Disabilities	p. 140
Write Without Prejudicial Reference to Ethnic or Racial Background	p. 142
Write Without Prejudicial Reference to People With Varied Sexual Orientation	p. 144
Format of Scientific Writing	p. 146
Margins
Leave Correct Margins	p. 146
Title Page
Type Correctly the Title Page of a Paper For Publication	p. 147
Type Correctly the Title Page of a Class (Term) Paper	p. 148
Type the Manuscript Page Header and the Running Head Correctly	p. 149
Abstract Page
Write an Abstract on the Second Page	p. 150
Beginning of Text
Begin the Text (Untitled Introduction) on Page Three	p. 151
Headings and Subheadings
Use the Headings Within the Text Consistently	p. 152
Paper, Printer, and Type Faces
Use Acceptable Paper	p. 158
Use Acceptable Computer Printers	p. 158
Use Acceptable Type Faces and Size	p. 158
Use Boldface Correctly	p. 158
Page Numbers
Number the Pages Correctly	p. 159
Reprint the Corrected Pages	p. 159
Line Spacing
Use Appropriate Line Spacing	p. 159
Selected Matters of Scientific Style	p. 160
Capitalization
Capitalize the First Words	p. 160
Capitalize the First and the Major Words	p. 160
Capitalize the First and the Major Words in Most Headings	p. 160
Capitalize Proper Nouns and Trade Names	p. 161
Capitalize the Chapters and Sections the Reader is Referred to	p. 161
Capitalize Nouns That Are Followed by a Number or Letter	p. 161
Capitalize Both Words in Otherwise Capitalized Hyphenated Compound	p. 161
Do Not Capitalize the Second Word of a Hyphenated Compound in Reference Lists	p. 162
Italicization
Use Italics Correctly Within the Body of Text	p. 162
Use Italics Correctly in the Reference List	p. 163
Hyphenation
Use the Hyphen Correctly	p. 163
Do Not Overuse the Hyphen	p. 166
Do Not Misuse the Hyphen	p. 166
Indentation
Use Correct Indentation	p. 168
Space After Punctuation
Give Correct Space or No Space After Punctuation	p. 168
Abbreviations
Write Out Abbreviations the First Time You Use the Term and Enclose the Abbreviations in Parentheses	p. 170
Do Not Start a Sentence With a Lowercase Abbreviation	p. 170
Use Latin Abbreviations Only in Parenthetical Constructions	p. 172
Add the Lowercase Plural Morpheme s to Plural Abbreviations Without an Apostrophe	p. 172
With Abbreviations, Use the Period Correctly	p. 174
Abbreviate Units of Measurement When a Number Is Specified	p. 174
Numbers in Words or Numerals
Write Out Units of Measurement When a Number Is Not Specified	p. 176
Use Roman Numerals Only When It Is an Established Practice	p. 176
Use Arabic Numerals For Numbers 10 and Above	p. 176
Use Numerals for Numbers Below 10 in Specified Contexts	p. 178
Write Out in Words Numbers Below 10 in Specified Contexts	p. 180
Write Out in Words Any Number That Begins a Sentence	p. 182
Combine Words and Numerals in Specified Contexts	p. 182
Reference Citations Within the Text
Cite the Author's Last Name and Year of Publication in the Text	p. 184
Cite Both Names in the Text When a Work Has Two Authors	p. 184
Cite Works With Three to Five Authors Using All the Authors' Names Only the First Time	p. 186
Cite Works of Six or More Authors by Only the First Author	p. 186
Distinguish Works of Multiple Authors Published in the Same Year	p. 188
Join Multiple Names With and or &	p. 190
Cite Multiple Authors With the Same Last Name With Their Initials Every Time They Are Cited	p. 190
Cite Multiple Works of the Same Author in a Temporally Ascending Order	p. 192
Attach Alphabetical Suffixes to the Same Author's Multiple Publications in the Same Year	p. 192
Within Parentheses, Arrange the Last Names of Multiple Authors in Alphabetical Order	p. 194
Cite Secondary Sources Sparingly and Correctly	p. 194
Reference List
Distinguish Between a Reference List and a Bibliography	p. 196
Begin the Reference List on a New Page With a Centered, Uppercase, and Lowercase Heading	p. 196
In the Reference List, Arrange References in Alphabetical Order	p. 198
Arrange Multiple Works of the Same Single Author From the Earliest to the Latest Year	p. 198
Alphabetize the Titles of Several Works of the Same Author, Each Published in the Same Year	p. 200
Arrange the Multiple Works of the Same Author Published in a Different Year, in a Temporally Ascending Order	p. 200
Alphabetize the Different Authors With the Same Last Name According to Their Initials	p. 200
Format Each Entry in the Reference List With a Hanging Indent of 5 Spaces	p. 202
Use the Specified Abbreviations in Reference Lists	p. 202
Selected Examples of References	p. 204
Journal Articles
Journal Articles in Reference Lists	p. 204
Arrange Correctly the Articles With Multiple Authors	p. 206
Reference Correctly the Different Forms of Journal Publications	p. 206
Magazines and Newspaper Articles
Reference Correctly the Publications From Magazines and Newspapers	p. 208
Abstracts
Reference Correctly the Article Abstracts Used as the Primary Source	p. 208
Books and Book Chapters
Books in Reference Lists	p. 210
Edited Books and Chapters in Edited Books	p. 212
Proceedings, Presentations, and Reports
Proceedings of Conferences and Symposia Published as a Book	p. 214
Unpublished Convention Presentations	p. 214
Unpublished Poster Session Presentations	p. 214
Reports From Organizations and Government Agencies	p. 216
Dissertations and Theses
Unpublished Articles, Theses, or Dissertations	p. 218
Theses and Dissertations in Abstracts International	p. 218
Electronic Sources in the Reference List
Reference the Electronic Sources Correctly	p. 220
Reference Correctly an Article From a Journal Available on the Internet	p. 221
Reference Correctly an Article or an Abstract Retrieved From an Aggregated Database	p. 221
Reference Correctly an Electronic Version of a Daily Newspaper Article	p. 222
Reference Correctly a Document or Report Available on a U.S. Government Web Site	p. 222
Reference Correctly a Document or Report From a Private Organization Available on its Web Site	p. 222
Reference Correctly Computer Software Programs	p. 223
Writing Sections of Research Papers and Proposals	p. 225
Completed Empirical Studies
Sections of a Research Paper	p. 225
Writing the Different Sections of a Reearch Paper
Write the Review, the Methods, and the Results Sections of a Completed Study in the Past Tense	p. 230
Write the Discussion Section of a Completed Study in the Present Tense	p. 230
Writing a Research Proposal
Write the Review Section of a Research Proposal in the Past Tense	p. 230
Write the Methods and Expected Results Sections of a Research Proposal in the Future Tense	p. 232
Professional Writing	p. 235
Introduction to Professional Writing	p. 236
Formats of Diagnostic Reports	p. 237
Outline of a Typical Diagnostic Report on a Child Client	p. 238
Outline of a Typical Diagnostic Report on an Adult Client	p. 240
Anatomy of an Assessment Report	p. 242
Sample Diagnostic Reports	p. 249
Sample Diagnostic Report: Articulation Disorder	p. 250
Sample Diagnostic Report: Voice Disorder	p. 253
Sample Diagnostic Report: Aphasia and Apraxia	p. 256
Sample Diagnostic Report: Stuttering	p. 260
Practice in Clinical Report Writing	p. 263
Assessment Report: Articulation Disorder	p. 264
Assessment Report: Child Language Disorder	p. 278
Assessment Report: Stuttering	p. 292
Assessment Report: Voice Disorder	p. 306
Reports Written as Letters	p. 321
Letter 1: Laryngectomy Speech-Language Evaluation	p. 322
Letter 2: Adult Voice Evaluation	p. 324
Practice in Writing Reports as Letters	p. 327
Assessment Report as a Letter: Articulation Disorder	p. 328
Comprehensive Treatment Plans	p. 333
Comprehensive Treatment Plan: Articulation Disorder	p. 334
Brief Treatment Plans	p. 337
Brief Treatment Plan: Fluency Disorder	p. 338
Brief Treatment Plan: Articulation Disorder	p. 340
Brief Treatment Plan: Child Language Disorder	p. 342
Brief Treatment Plan: Voice Disorder	p. 344
Individualized Educational Programs	p. 347
IEP: Treatment of Child Language Disorder	p. 348
IEP: Treatment of Articulation Disorder	p. 349
IEP: Treatment of Voice Disorder	p. 350
IEP: Treatment of Fluency Disorder	p. 351
Practice in Writing Treatment Plans	p. 353
Comprehensive Treatment Plan: Child Language Disorder	p. 354
Brief Treatment Plan: Fluency Disorder	p. 362
Brief Treatment Plan: Articulation Disorder	p. 366
Brief Treatment Plan: Child Language Disorder	p. 370
Brief Treatment Plan: Voice Disorder	p. 374
Progress Reports	p. 379
Progress Report: Treatment of Stuttering	p. 380
Progress Report: Treatment of Articulation Disorder	p. 383
Progress Report: Treatment of Child Language Disorder	p. 385
Progress Report: Treatment of Voice Disorder	p. 387
Progress Report: Written as a Letter	p. 390
Practice in Writing Progress Reports	p. 395
Progress Report: Treatment of Stuttering	p. 396
Progress Report: Treatment of Articulation Disorder	p. 402
Progress Report: Treatment of Child Language Disorder	p. 408
Progress Report: Treatment of Voice Disorder	p. 414
Progress Report: Written as a Letter	p. 420
Professional Letters	p. 423
A Thank You Letter	p. 424
A Referral Letter	p. 425
Practice in Writing Professional Letters	p. 427
A Thank You Letter	p. 428
A Referral Letter	p. 430
Selected References	p. 433
Glossary	p. 437
Index	p. 445
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