Crime and Justice in America--A Reader Present Realities and Future Prospects

by Palacios, Wilson R.; Cromwell, Paul F.; Dunham, Roger G

• ISBN13: 9780130911056
• ISBN10: 0130911054
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-04-02
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

This interesting and readable book covers a broad range of perspectives on various topics and issues critical to the American criminal justice system. It contains readings from many sources, as well as historical and philosophical approaches to understanding the complexities confronting the field of criminal justice today.The selected readings are organized under four major topical areas: Crime and Justice in America; The Police in America; Adjudication and Sentencing; and Jails, Prisons, and Community-based Corrections.For individuals working withinor simply interested in the American criminal justice system.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Acknowledgements	ix
SECTION 1: Crime and Justice in America	1	(82)
Introduction	1	(1)
Facts About Crime and Criminals	2	(6)
The Criminal Justice Process	8	(8)
Bureau of Justice Statistics
American Criminal Justice Philosophy: What's Old---What's New?	16	(9)
Curtis R. Blakely
Vic W. Bumphus
Crime and Policy: A Complex Problem	25	(17)
Samuel Walker
Fallacies about Crime	42	(19)
Marcus Felson
Race, Crime, and the Administration of Justice: A Summary of the Available Facts	61	(7)
Christopher Stone
Peeking Over the Rim: What Lies Ahead?	68	(15)
Kenneth J. Peak
SECTION 2: The Police in America	83	(122)
Introduction	83	(2)
Facts About Police	85	(2)
The Development of the American Police: An Historical Overview	87	(15)
Craig D. Uchida
The New Policing: Confronting Complexity	102	(9)
Herman Goldstein
Contemporary Policing in a Community Era	111	(11)
Quint C. Thurman
Police Shootings: Myths and Realities	122	(8)
Roger G. Dunham
Geoffrey P. Alpert
What We Know About Police Use of Force	130	(15)
Kenneth Adams
Learning Police Ethics	145	(13)
Lawrence Sherman
Police Officer Sexual Misconduct: A Field Research Study	158	(12)
Allen D. Sapp
Public Attitudes Toward Police Pursuit Driving: What do Studies on Attitudes Toward Police Pursuit Reveal?	170	(13)
John M. McDonald
Geoffrey P. Alpert
Race-Based Policing: Alternatives for Assessing the Problem	183	(8)
Brian Withrow
Henry Jackson
The Future of Policing in a Community Era	191	(14)
Jihong Zhao
SECTION 3: Adjudication and Sentencing	205	(134)
Introduction	205	(2)
Facts About Courts	207	(5)
Adversarial Justice	212	(11)
Franklin Strier
Taking on Testilying: The Prosecutor's Response to In-Court Police Deception	223	(21)
Larry Cunningham
Capital Murder: A Prosecutor's Personal Observations on the Prosecution of Capital Cases	244	(9)
Ronald J. Sievert
Why Prosecutor's Misbehave	253	(9)
Bennett L. Gershman
The Criminal Lawyer's ``Different Mission'': Reflections on the ``Right'' to Present a False Case	262	(5)
Harry I. Subin
How To Improve the Jury System	267	(5)
Thomas J. Hogan
George E. Mize
Kathleen Clark
Should Juries Nullify Laws They Consider Unjust or Excessively Punitive?	272	(6)
Clay S. Conrad
Nancy King
Truth in Sentencing in State Prisons	278	(30)
Paula M. Ditton
Doris James Wilson
The Impact of Sentencing Guidelines	308	(7)
Dale Parent
Terrence Dunworth
Douglas McDonald
William Rhodes
Therapeutic Jurisprudence and the Emergence of Problem-Solving Courts	315	(9)
Donald Rottman
Pamela Casey
Restoring The Balance: Juvenile and Community Justice	324	(15)
Gordon Bazemore
Susan E. Day
SECTION 4: Jails, Prisons, and Community-Based Corrections	339	(106)
Introduction	339	(2)
Facts About Jails, Prisons and Community Corrections	341	(5)
Life on the Inside: The Jailers, In a Wary World, Battling Tension, Fear---and Stereotypes	346	(6)
Andrew Metz
The Imprisonment of Women in America	352	(18)
Pauline Brennan
The Needs of Elderly Offenders	370	(4)
Dolores Craig-Moreland
Behind Bars: Substance Abuse and America's Prison Population	374	(8)
National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse
Rethinking Assumptions About Boot Camps	382	(12)
Dale Colledge
Jurg Gerber
A Decade of Experimenting With Intermediate Sanctions: What Have We Learned?	394	(11)
Joan Petersilia
The Evolving Role of Parole in the Criminal Justice System	405	(8)
Paul Cromwell
This Man Has Expired: Witness to an Execution	413	(10)
Robert Johnson
Maxxing Out: Imprisonment in an Era of Crime Control	423	(8)
Melissa E. Fenwick
Ophelia the CCW: May 11, 2010	431	(14)
Todd R. Clear
Index	445

Excerpts

PREFACEThe criminal fascinates us even as he repels us. Like Cain, he is not his brother's keeper. Like the serpent, he tempts us to guilty knowledge and disobedience. He is to men what Lucifer was to the angels, the eternal outcast and rebel, challenging all the assumptions of the moral order and risking heaven to do so. We are dismayed by his often dark and bloody deeds, and we run from him when the sun goes down, leaving the streets of our central cities dark and deserted. But even as we escape in terror, we seek him out in our imagination, as though he held locked within him some dirty secret of our own. He is, after all, a brother, acting out the primitive part in us that we struggle to keep dark. He is hated for being too much like us; he is envied for his freedom and the blessed gift of unrepentance. Ysabel RennieThe purpose of this Second Edition is to provide a comprehensive range of perspectives on topics and issues critical to the study of criminal justice. We have selected readings from many sources, including recent criminal justice research monographs and articles from the professional and academic literature, case studies, sociological, phychological, and criminological analyses, the popular media and literature, as well as historical and philosophical approaches to understanding the complex issues confronting criminal justice today. This interdisciplinary approach provides a broad coverage of the various topics and issues, presented in an interesting and readable format. We believe that the selections will capture the students' and teachers' imagination and help make the fascinating study of criminal justice even more appealing.In this edition we have included 27 new chapters and have updated and revised three others. Others we have left as is. Some of those may appear by their copyright dates to be outdated. We believe, however, that some materials, regardless of their original date of publication, remain valid, vibrant and important contributions to the knowledge base of criminal justice. Lawrence Sherman's brilliant chapter entitled "Learning Police Ethics" is one of these, as is Herman Goldstein's classic paper, "The New Policing: Confronting Complexity." Likewise, Craig Uchida's chapter on the history of policing is not in need of updating. We have retained these and several others for their valuable insights which have not been made obsolete by time or new research.The second edition is divided into four sections or topic areas: (1) Crime and Justice in America; (2) The Police in America; (3) Adjudication and Sentencing; and, (4) Jails, Prisons, and Community-Based Corrections. Each section contains selected discussions and analyses of current issues and problems, ethical consideration, and materials related to criminal justice career opportunities, including employment standards and qualifications, and strategies for pursing employment in the public or private sector of criminal justice. Each section is preceded by brief comments by the editors and is followed by questions to stimulate classroom discussion. In the first edition we included a fifth section on the future of criminal justice, "Looking Toward the 21 st Century." In reorganizing, the book for this second edition we moved those "futures" chapters into the sections in which they were most relevant. Thus, each section now contains one or more chapters in which the possible future directions of the criminal justice system are analyzed and discussed.Crime and Justice in America: Present Realities and Future Prospects, Second Editionalso contains an index to assist the reader in locating topics of interest.This volume may readily be used as a stand-alone text for introductory criminal justice courses or as a supplement to most introductory texts. We have also sought to provide readings that create a balance between theory and practic