Criminal Justice: Interactive Guide

by Albanese, Jay S.

• ISBN13: 9780205297047
• ISBN10: 0205297048
• Edition: CD
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-08-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Organization of the Book	xvi
Features of the Book	xvii
Supplemental Materials	xviii
Acknowledgments	xx
About the Author	xxiii
Concern about Crime and Violence	2	(20)
Concern about Crime in the United States	4	(4)
Crime Victimization versus Other Life Events	6	(2)
Effects of Fear of Crime	8	(4)
Psychological Impact	8	(1)
Behavioral Effects	8	(4)
Is Crime Normal?	12	(1)
The Criminal Justice Response	13	(9)
Education and Professionalism	14
Contemporary Issues
Criminology versus Criminal Justice	5	(8)
Future Issues
Crib Death or Infanticide?	13
Media and Criminal Justice
Falling Down	11	(5)
Critical Thinking Exercise
The Causes of Fear	16	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Real Versus Apparent Hate Crimes in a Time of Fear	17	(5)
The Nature of Crime	22	(24)
Aspects of Crime	24	(7)
Thinking versus Acting	25	(1)
The Political Nature of Crime	25	(2)
Crime as Social History	27	(1)
Mala in Se versus Mala Prohibita	28	(2)
Criminal Harm	30	(1)
Distinguishing Offensive from Criminal Behavior	31	(15)
Alcohol Consumption	31	(2)
Commercialized Sex	33	(3)
Gambling	36	(2)
Drug Use	38
Contemporary Issues
Obscenity: Sex or Violence?	34	(5)
Future Issues
Why We Buy Guns	39
Media and Criminal Justice
The People us. Larry Flynt	35	(6)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Drug Use Forecasting	41	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Binge Drinking	41	(5)
Measuring Crime	46	(32)
Trends in Crime Rates	49	(12)
What the Police Say	50	(4)
What Victims Say	54	(2)
Reconciling the Differences	56	(3)
What Offenders say	59	(1)
Crimes against Households	60	(1)
Violent Crimes	61	(3)
Homicide	61	(2)
Sexual Assault	63	(1)
Assault	63	(1)
Robbery	64	(1)
Property Crimes	64	(2)
Burglary	64	(1)
Larceny	65	(1)
Arson	65	(1)
Characteristies of Offenders and Victims	66	(4)
Age	66	(1)
Gender	67	(1)
Race and Ethnicity	68	(2)
Other Types of Crime	70	(8)
White Collar Crime	70	(1)
Computer Crime	70	(1)
Organized Crime	71	(1)
Serial Murder	71	(1)
Hate Crimes	72	(1)
Terrorism	72
Contemporary Issues
Drug-Abusing Women Offenders	51	(21)
Future Issues
Can We Predict How Violent the Future Will Be?	72
Media and Criminal Justice
New Jersey Drive	69	(5)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Homicide and State of Mind	74	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
The Elements of Crimes	74	(4)
Explanations of Crime	78	(28)
Classical Explanations of Crime	80	(1)
Positivist Explanations of Crime	81	(8)
Biological Determinism	81	(2)
Psychological Explanations	83	(2)
Sociological Explanations	85	(3)
Strength of the Social Bond	88	(1)
Structural Explanations of Crime	89	(2)
The Ethical Explanation of Crime	91	(1)
Correlates of Crime	92	(14)
Guns	93	(3)
Drugs and Alcohol	96
Contemporary Issues
Explaining Serial Murders	82	(11)
Future Issues
Television Crime Dramas and the Causes of Homicide	93
Media and Criminal Justice
Boyz N' the Hood	90	(9)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Explaining an Attempted Assassination	99	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
A Case Study of Delinquency	99	(7)
Criminal Law	106	(26)
The Nature of Criminal Law	108	(3)
Sources of Criminal Law	108	(2)
Limits of Criminal Law	110	(1)
The Nature of Crime	111	(5)
Characteristics of Criminal Acts	112	(2)
The State of Mind Requirement	114	(1)
The Causation Requirement	115	(1)
Defenses to Criminal Charges	116	(16)
Defenses Related to Mental Illness	116	(3)
Defenses Involving Force	119	(2)
Defenses Involving Justification or Excuse	121
Contemporary Issues
Setting a Trap for Pornography	113	(4)
Future Issues
Maternal Infanticide	117	(7)
Media and Criminal Justice
The Advocate	124	(2)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Banning Pit Bulls	126	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Hinckley, Kaczynski, and Legal Insanity	127	(5)
The Criminal Justice System	132	(26)
Origins of the Criminal Justice System	134	(4)
Justice in the Colonial Period	135	(1)
The Evolution of Due Process	136	(2)
The Agencies of Criminal Justice	138	(3)
Law Enforcement	138	(1)
Courts	139	(1)
Corrections	140	(1)
Criminal Procedure	141	(10)
Law, Investigation, Arrest	141	(2)
Initial Appearance and Preliminary Hearing	143	(1)
Grand Jury, Indictment, Arraignment	144	(3)
Trial, Conviction, Sentencing	147	(2)
Appeals	149	(2)
The Cost of Justice	151	(7)
Contemporary Issues
Unauthorized Access to Criminal History Records	137	(8)
Future Issues
Blame and Believability in Rape Cases	145	(5)
Media and Criminal Justice
Criminal Justice	150	(2)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Justice on the Carolina Frontier (1764)	152	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Prior Record of Defendants and Juror Prejudice	153	(5)
Origins and Organization of Law Enforcement	158	(26)
Community Protection before Police	160	(4)
The Watch and Ward System	160	(2)
The Invention of Gin	162	(2)
Police in the United States	164	(7)
The Progressive Era	165	(1)
Police Professionalism	166	(1)
Reliance on Technology	167	(2)
The Dilemma of Policing	169	(1)
Back to Community Policing	169	(2)
The Organization of Law Enforcement	171	(13)
Local Police	171	(1)
State Police	172	(1)
Federal Law Enforcement Agencies	173	(2)
The Movement toward Private Policing	175	(2)
Contemporary Issues
Campus Law Enforcement	177
Future Issues
Preventing Subway Crime	172
Media and Criminal Justice
The Untouchables	162	(16)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Dogs and Horses in Law Enforcement	178	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
The Cyclical Nature of Community Policing	179	(5)
Police Discretion and Behavior	184	(34)
The Outer Limits of Law Enforcement	186	(5)
The Call for Reform	188	(2)
Formulating an Arrest Policy	190	(1)
Styles of Policing	190	(1)
The Police Personality	191	(9)
Studies of Police Cynicism	191	(3)
The Working Personality	194	(2)
Sources of Police Attitudes	196	(1)
Education and Attitudes	197	(1)
Attitudes and Performance	197	(3)
When Police Make Bad Decisions	200	(5)
Forms of Police Corruption	201	(1)
Explanations of Corruption	201	(4)
Preventing Corruption	205	(1)
Police Performance	205	(13)
Responding to Crime	206	(1)
Noncriminal Matters	207
Contemporary Issues
The Performance of Policewomen	198	(2)
Future Issues
Pursuit Driving	200	(3)
Media and Criminal Justice
Rush	203	(5)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Responding to Spousal Abuse	208	(2)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Changing the Police Culture in 1913	210	(8)
Police and the Rule of Law	218	(42)
Procedural Law	220	(1)
The Fourth Amendment	220	(18)
Frisks versus Searches	221	(5)
The Exclusionary Rule: Mapp V. Ohio	226	(1)
Searches with Warrants	227	(3)
Searches without Warrants	230	(8)
The Fifth Amendment	238	(8)
The Miranda Warning	239	(3)
The Erosion of Miranda	242	(4)
Use of Deadly Force	246	(4)
Legal Justification	246	(1)
Victims of Police Shootings	247	(2)
Contemporary Deadly Force Laws	249	(1)
Police Brutality	250	(10)
Contemporary Issues
Does the Exclusionary Rule Handcuff the Police?	228	(17)
Future Issues
An Appropriate Remedy for Police Misconduct?	245
Media and Criminal Justice
The Star Chamber	239	(13)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Civil Suits against Police	252	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Unannounced Entry	253	(7)
The Origins and Organization of Courts	260	(28)
The History of Criminal Courts	262	(2)
The Organization of Contemporary Courts	264	(6)
State Court Systems	265	(1)
The Federal Court System	266	(3)
Court Administration	269	(1)
Participants in the Judicial Process	270	(7)
Prosecutors	270	(1)
Defense Counsel	271	(1)
Judges	272	(3)
Victims and Witnesses	275	(2)
The Future of the Court System	277	(11)
Contemporary Issues
Dispute Resolution outside the Courtroom	273	(2)
Future Issues
Preventing Child Sexual Abuse	275	(3)
Media and Criminal Justice
The Thin Blue Line	278	(4)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Frivolity in the Courts	282	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Limiting Criminal Appeals	283	(5)
Prosecution, Plea, and Trials	288	(26)
The Prosecutor's Role	290	(7)
Prosecutorial Discretion	290	(1)
Selection of Prosecutors	291	(5)
Diversion of Cases	296	(1)
Plea-Bargaining	297	(6)
The History of Plea-Bargaining	298	(1)
Plea-Bargaining Today	298	(3)
Should Plea-Bargaining Be Abolished?	301	(1)
Alternatives to Plea-Bargaining	302	(1)
What Happens at Trial?	303	(11)
Contemporary Issues
Selective Prosecution of High-Rate Offenders	294	(2)
Future Issues
Prosecuting False Statements	296	(9)
Media and Criminal Justice
Indictment: The McMartin Trial	305	(3)
Critical Thinking Exercise
An Angel on Her Shoulder at the O. J. Simpson Case	308	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Spouse Murders	309	(5)
Criminal Defense	314	(24)
The Sixth Amendment	316	(6)
The Scope of the Right to Counsel	316	(3)
Ineffective Assistance of Counsel	319	(3)
The Nature of Criminal Defense	322	(6)
The Practice of Criminal Law	322	(1)
The Cost and Quality of Defense Lawyers	322	(4)
Common Defenses in Criminal Cases	326	(2)
Issues for the Future	328	(10)
Adjudicating the Offender or the Act?	328	(2)
Crime Control or Due Process?	330
Contemporary Issues
Getting a Fair Trial in Cases Involving Violence	329	(2)
Future Issues
School Violence by Children	331
Media and Criminal Justice
Primal Fear	317	(4)
Media and Criminal Justice
River's Edge	321	(11)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Should a lawyer Defend a Guilty Person?	332	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Should the Right to Counsel Be Expanded?	333	(5)
Sentencing: Philosophy and Practice	338	(34)
Purposes of Sentencing	340	(5)
How Do Judges Decide on a Sentence?	341	(2)
Sentencing Choices	343	(1)
The Presentence Report	344	(1)
The Role of Victims	345	(1)
Variations in Sentencing Systems	345	(7)
Indeterminate Sentencing	346	(1)
Determinate Sentencing	347	(2)
Mandatory Sentencing	349	(1)
Sentencing Guidelines	350	(2)
Efforts to Reform Sentencing Systems	352	(1)
The Eighth Amendment and Capital Punishment	352	(20)
The Legal Status of the Death Penalty	354	(4)
The Death Penalty Debate	358
Contemporary Issues
Victim's Race and Death Penalty Decisions	353
Future Issues
The Two Sides of Truth-in-Sentencing	348	(9)
Media and Criminal Justice
Dead Man Walking	357	(6)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Is Life Imprisonment a More Severe Punishment than the Death Penalty?	363	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Is Castration a Reasonable Punishment for Sex Offenders?	364	(8)
Prisons	372	(32)
Correctional Institutions in the United States	374	(10)
Types of Prisons	376	(2)
Who Is in Prison?	378	(3)
The Operation of Prisons: Custody or Reform?	381	(3)
Jails	384	(1)
Inmate Life	385	(19)
Drug Use and Treatment	386	(2)
Women in Prison	388	(1)
AIDS in Prison	389	(1)
Prisoners Rights	390	(2)
Work in Prison	392	(1)
Violations of Prison Rules	393	(2)
Prison Gangs	395	(1)
Prison Violence	395
Contemporary Issues
Private Prisons and Liability	379
Future Issues
Supermax Prisons	377	(17)
Media and Criminal Justice
American Me	394	(3)
Critical Thinking Exercise
A Case of HIV Discrimination?	397	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
The Elderly Inmate	398	(6)
Corrections in the Community	404	(46)
Sanctions in Lieu of Incarceration	406	(10)
Monetary Penalties	407	(2)
Probation	409	(3)
Intensive Supervision	412	(2)
Home Confinement and Electronic Monitoring	414	(2)
After Prison	416	(7)
Parole	416	(3)
Work Release and Furloughs	419	(1)
Halfway Houses	420	(2)
Pardons	422	(1)
Legal Issues	423	(1)
Alternative Sentences	424	(1)
Restorative Justice	425	(2)
Restitution to the Victim	425	(1)
Mediation	426	(1)
Repairing Harm to the Victim	426	(1)
Authentic Justice	427	(12)
Shock Incarceration	428	(3)
Corporal Punishment	431	(2)
Public Humiliation	433	(2)
Forced Birth Control	435	(1)
Depo-Provera for Sex Offenders	436	(1)
Forfeiture of Assets	437	(1)
Offender Fees	438	(1)
Changing the Physical Environment	439	(11)
Contemporary Issues
The Return of Chain Gangs	413	(3)
Future Issues
The Spiderman Solution and A Clockwork Orange	416
Media and Criminal Justice
Scared Straight!	408	(27)
Media and Criminal Justice
A Clockwork Orange	435	(4)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Registering Former Sex Offenders	439	(2)
Critical Thinking Exercise
House Arrest in a Nice House?	441	(9)
International Criminal Justice	450	(28)
The Risk of Crime around the World	452	(5)
Incidence of Major Crimes	453	(1)
Victimization	454	(3)
International Crimes	457	(7)
Importing Stolen Vehicles	457	(1)
Drug Smuggling	458	(1)
Illegal Immigration	459	(1)
Terrorism and Hate Crimes	460	(4)
Transnational Law Enforcement	464	(14)
Interpol	464	(2)
International Justice	466	(1)
International Corrections	467	(3)
Legal and Ethical Problems	470
Contemporary Issues
Who Goes to Prison?: Comparing England and the United States	456	(6)
Future Issues
Penalty Enhancement for Hate Crimes?	462	(3)
Media and Criminal Justice
Citizen X	465	(6)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Political Asylum in Genital Mutilation Cases?	471	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Judicial Attitudes and Sentencing Outcomes in Germany	472	(6)
Dealing with Sophisticated Crimes	478	(28)
Conspiracy	481	(2)
White Collar Crime	483	(4)
White Collar Thefts	484	(1)
Offenses against Public Administration	485	(1)
Regulatory Offenses	486	(1)
Computer Crime	487	(5)
Crimes in Which Computers Are the Instrument	489	(2)
Crimes in Which Computers Are the Object	491	(1)
Organized Crime	492	(14)
A Typology of Organized Crime	494	(2)
Organized Crime and Ethnicity	496	(2)
The Extent of Organized Crime	498
Contemporary Issues
Avoiding Cybertheft	488	(6)
Future Issues
Organized Crime and the Shadow Economy	494
Media and Criminal Justice
Seten	483	(16)
Critical Thinking Exercise
An Antidrug Sales Tax?	499	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Is the Internet an Avenue for Terrorists?	500	(6)
Juvenile Justice	506	(39)
Juvenile Justice versus Criminal Justice	508	(2)
The Nature and Extent of Delinquency	510	(8)
Arrest Figures	512	(3)
Self-Reports	515	(1)
Victimization Surveys	516	(2)
Foundations of Juvenile Justice	518	(2)
Objections to Parens Patriae	518	(1)
Modifications of the Juvenile Justice System	519	(1)
The Law and Procedure of Juvenile Justice	520	(1)
Lawyers and Self-Incrimination	521	(11)
The Burden of Proof	524	(2)
Juries in Juvenile Court	526	(1)
Double Jeopardy	527	(1)
Preventive Detention	527	(2)
Searches and the Fourth Amendment	529	(2)
Punishment and the Eighth Amendment	531	(1)
Juveniles in the System: Police, Courts, Corrections	532	(4)
Police Disposition of Juveniles Taken into Custody	532	(1)
Juvenile Court Outcomes	533	(2)
Juvenile Dispositions	535	(1)
Trends in Legislation	536	(1)
The Outlook for Juvenile Justice	536	(9)
Contemporary Issues
A Rebirth of Youth Gangs?	510	(7)
Future Issues
Adolescent Motherhood and Criminal Outcomes	517	(8)
Media and Criminal Justice
Bad Boys	525	(12)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Abolish the Age of Majority?	537	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercise
Juries for Juveniles?	538	(7)
Appendix I The Constitution of the United States of America	545	(16)
Appendix II Career Opportunities in Criminal Justice	561	(4)
Glossary	565	(8)
Index	573