Criminal Law

by Brody, David C., Ph.D.; Acker, James R.; Logan, Wayne A.

• ISBN13: 9780834210837
• ISBN10: 0834210835
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-08-01
• Publisher: Jones & Bartlett

Summary

THE POLICE AND THE COMMUNITY The function of police in contemporary society; the problems arising between citizens and police from the enforcement and nonenforcement of laws, from social changes, and from individual and group police attitudes and practices. COMMUNITY POLICING Police involvement in the community: regular and meaningful contact, quality of life conditions, problem solving and coordination with community service organizations. Crime information, investigation and prevention through community relations.

Author Biography

David C. Brody is Assistant Professor in the Criminal Justice Program at Washington State University-Spokane, Spokane, Washington.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Acknowledgments	xiii
Table of Cases	xv
Introduction to the Study of Criminal Law	1	(56)
On Crimes and Punishment: The Domain of Substantive Criminal Law	1	(26)
The General Principles of the Criminal Law	1	(2)
The Meaning of ``Punishment''	3	(4)
``The Aims of the Criminal Law''	7	(3)
Henry M. Hart, Jr.
The Purposes of Punishment	10	(1)
``Punishment''	10	(3)
Kent Greenwalt
The Principles of Punishment in Application	13	(2)
A Case Example	15	(12)
The Criminal Process	27	(6)
The Criminal Courts	27	(3)
Sources of the Criminal Law	30	(3)
Questions of Proof in the Criminal Law	33	(22)
The Burden of Proof	33	(6)
The Corpus Delicti Rule	39	(7)
Jury Nullification	46	(9)
Conclusion	55	(2)
Constitutional Limits on the Definition and Punishment of Crimes	57	(104)
Federal and State Jurisdiction and the Criminal Law	57	(5)
The Legality Principle	62	(19)
Vagueness	62	(13)
Fair Notice: Lambert v. California	75	(3)
Ex Post Facto Laws	78	(3)
Constitutional Limits on the State's Power To Define Conduct As a Crime	81	(50)
Substance Due Process and the Criminal Law	81	(19)
The First Amendment and Free Speech	100	(24)
Equal Protection of the Laws	124	(7)
Constitutional Limits on the Government's Power To Punish	131	(28)
Proportionality	131	(22)
Equal Protection	153	(6)
Conclusion	159	(2)
The General Elements of Crimes	161	(80)
Introduction	161	(1)
Mens Rea	161	(33)
General Principles: ``Strict Liability'' Crimes?	161	(1)
``Mens Rea''	161	(10)
Frances Bowes Sayre
General Intent and Specific Intent	171	(6)
The Model Penal Code Approach	177	(3)
Mens Rea Requirements for Different Elements of Crimes	180	(4)
Transferred Intent	184	(7)
Criminal Negligence and Recklessness	191	(3)
The Act	194	(19)
Act vs. Status	200	(9)
Culpable Omissions	209	(4)
The Concurrence Principle	213	(4)
Harm	217	(7)
Causation	224	(14)
General Principles	224	(11)
The Year-and-a-Day Rule	235	(3)
Conclusion	238	(3)
Justification Defenses	241	(40)
Self-Defense	242	(24)
Provocation and the ``Aggressor''	242	(3)
Reasonableness of Belief	245	(7)
Deadly Force	252	(2)
Retreat	254	(4)
Imminent Harm and Battered Woman Syndrome	258	(6)
Use of Force in Resisting Unlawful Arrest	264	(2)
Defense of Another	266	(1)
Defense of Home and Property	267	(4)
Public Duty	271	(5)
Necessity and Choice of Evils	276	(4)
Conclusion	280	(1)
Excuse Defenses	281	(50)
Introduction	281	(1)
Insanity	281	(14)
Mistake	295	(12)
Mistake of Law	295	(7)
Mistake of Fact	302	(5)
Duress	307	(6)
Entrapment	313	(6)
Infancy	319	(5)
Intoxication	324	(4)
Conclusion	328	(3)
Criminal Homicide	331	(88)
Introduction	331	(1)
Sorting Principles	331	(77)
Murder and Voluntary Manslaughter: The Common Law Approach	331	(17)
The Model Penal Code Approach: Murder v. Manslaughter (for Purposeful Killings)	348	(9)
Different Grades of Murder	357	(15)
Felony Murder	372	(19)
``Depraved Heart'' Murder	391	(5)
Manslaughter Based on Unintentional Killings	396	(12)
``Life'' and ``Death''	408	(8)
Life: The Killing of a ``Human Being''	408	(5)
``Death''	413	(3)
Conclusion	416	(3)
Rape and Sexual Assault	419	(36)
Introduction	419	(1)
Forcible Rape	419	(30)
Actus Reus	420	(8)
Mens Rea	428	(1)
Special Note: The ``Marital Rape'' Exception	429	(4)
Special Note: The Use of Trickery and Psychological Coercion	433	(5)
Prosecuting Rape	438	(11)
Statutory Rape	449	(3)
Grading and Punishing Sex Crimes	452	(1)
Grading in Sex Crimes	452	(1)
Punishing Aggravated Rape	452	(1)
Conclusion	453	(2)
Other Crimes against the Person	455	(20)
Battery	455	(2)
Actus Reus	455	(1)
Mens Rea	455	(1)
Harm Required	456	(1)
Assault	457	(3)
Aggravated Assault	460	(6)
False Imprisonment and Kidnapping	466	(5)
Custodial Interference	471	(3)
Conclusion	474	(1)
Property Crimes and Crimes against Habitation	475	(34)
Historical Development of Larceny	475	(1)
The Act Required	476	(2)
The Object of the Taking	478	(3)
The State of Mind	481	(3)
Embezzlement	484	(3)
False Pretenses	487	(3)
Receiving Stolen Property	490	(2)
Consolidated Theft Statutes	492	(1)
Robbery	492	(4)
Extortion	496	(2)
Crimes against Habitation	498	(11)
Burglary	499	(6)
Arson	505	(4)
White Collar Crimes	509	(28)
Introduction	509	(1)
Problems of Punishment	510	(2)
Theoretical Challenges	510	(2)
Practical Challenges	512	(1)
Liability	512	(9)
Corporate Liability	512	(1)
Corporate Crime under Attack	513	(1)
Francis T. Cullen
Corporate Criminals or Criminal Corporations?	513	(5)
Individual Liability	518	(3)
Fraud	521	(7)
Environmental Crimes	528	(5)
Death and Injury	533	(3)
Harmful Products	535	(1)
Conclusion	536	(1)
Liability for the Conduct of Another	537	(16)
Introduction	537	(1)
Accomplice Liability	538	(6)
Actus Reus	538	(2)
Mens Rea	540	(3)
Note: The Defense of Withdrawal or Abandonment	543	(1)
Note: Distinguishing Accomplice Liability from Solicitation and Conspiracy	543	(1)
Accessory Liability	544	(4)
A Note on Failed or Deferred Prosecutions	548	(1)
Vicarious Liability	548	(4)
Conclusion	552	(1)
Inchoate Crimes	553	(36)
Introduction	553	(1)
Preparatory Offenses	553	(2)
Attempt	555	(15)
The Actus Reus of Attempt	555	(4)
The Mens Rea of Attempt	559	(6)
The Defense of ``Impossibility''	565	(2)
The Defense of Abandonment	567	(3)
Conspiracy	570	(11)
Actus Reus	570	(4)
Mens Rea	574	(3)
The Scope and Duration of Conspiracy	577	(3)
How Conspiracy Differs from Complicity	580	(1)
The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act	580	(1)
Solicitation	581	(6)
Actus Reus	581	(3)
Mens Rea	584	(2)
Defense of Renunciation	586	(1)
Defense of Impossibility	587	(1)
Distinguishing Solicitation from Attempt and Conspiracy	587	(1)
The Grading of Inchoate Crimes and the Role of ``Merger''	587	(1)
Grading	587	(1)
Merger	588	(1)
Conclusion	588	(1)
Appendix A---Case Reporters and Case Citations	589	(6)
Appendix B---American Law Institute Model Penal Code [Selected Portions]	595	(28)
Index	623