Criminal Law and Procedure

by Hall, Daniel E.

• ISBN13: 9781401815592
• ISBN10: 1401815596
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-08-05
• Publisher: CENGAGE Delmar Learning

Summary

The general principles of criminality and culpability, individual crimes; their elements and related issues are fully discussed. Procedure topics explored include defenses to criminal accusations, parties to crimes, state and federal constitutional influences, the parties to the criminal justice system, the pretrial process, trial, sentencing, appeal and collateral relief, and the procedure of search and seizure. Contemporary issues in criminal law and procedure, such as terrorism and cybercrime, are also explored.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Table of Cases	xxi
PART I Criminal Law
Introduction to the Legal System of the United States	3	(20)
Federalism	4	(3)
Separation of Powers	7	(2)
The Structure of the Court System	9	(5)
The Duties and Powers of the Judicial Branch	14	(2)
Comparing Civil Law and Criminal Law	16	(4)
Web Links	20	(1)
Key Terms	20	(1)
Review Questions	20	(1)
Review Problems	21	(1)
End Notes	21	(2)
Introduction to Criminal Law	23	(26)
The Distinction between Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure	24	(1)
The Power of Government to Regulate Behavior	24	(3)
The Purposes of Punishing Criminal Law Violators	27	(3)
Specific and General Deterrence	27	(1)
Incapacitation	28	(1)
Rehabilitation	28	(1)
Retribution	29	(1)
Sources of Criminal Law	30	(15)
The Common Law	30	(7)
Statutory Law	37	(1)
Ordinances	37	(1)
Administrative Law	38	(3)
Court Rules	41	(2)
The Model Penal Code	43	(1)
Constitutional Law	43	(2)
Web Links	45	(1)
Key Terms	46	(1)
Review Questions	46	(1)
Review Problems	46	(1)
End Notes	47	(2)
The Two Essential Elements	49	(34)
Mens Rea	50	(16)
Mens Rea and the Common Law	50	(6)
Strict Liability	56	(5)
Vicarious Liability	61	(1)
Current Approaches to Mens Rea	62	(2)
Proving Mens Rea	64	(1)
Motive	65	(1)
Actus Reus	66	(13)
Voluntariness	66	(1)
Thoughts and Statements as Acts	66	(2)
Personal Status as an Act	68	(1)
Possession as an Act	69	(1)
Omissions as Acts	70	(2)
Causation	72	(7)
Web Links	79	(1)
Key Terms	79	(1)
Review Questions	79	(1)
Review Problems	80	(1)
End Notes	81	(2)
Crimes Against the Person	83	(40)
Studying Crimes	84	(1)
Homicide	85	(20)
Homicide and the Common Law	86	(4)
Statutory Approaches to Homicide	90	(8)
Manslaughter	98	(3)
The Model Penal Code Approach to Homicide	101	(1)
Life, Death, and Homicide	101	(1)
Suicide	102	(2)
Corpus Delicti	104	(1)
Assault and Battery	105	(2)
Aggravated Assault and Battery	106	(1)
Mayhem	107	(1)
Sex Crimes	107	(7)
Rape	108	(1)
Nonforcible Rape	109	(1)
Sodomy	110	(1)
Rape Shield Laws	111	(1)
Incest	111	(1)
Sex Offenses Against Children	111	(2)
Megan's Laws, Commitment, and Castration	113	(1)
Kidnapping and False Imprisonment	114	(3)
Kidnapping	114	(1)
Parental Kidnapping	115	(2)
False Imprisonment	117	(1)
Stalking	117	(1)
Civil Rights and Hate Crimes	118	(2)
Web Links	120	(1)
Key Terms	120	(1)
Review Questions	120	(1)
Review Problems	120	(1)
End Notes	121	(2)
Crimes Against Property and Habitation	123	(30)
Arson	124	(1)
Burglary	125	(1)
Theft Crimes	126	(23)
Introduction to Theft Crimes	126	(2)
Larceny	128	(2)
Embezzlement	130	(1)
False Pretenses	131	(4)
Receiving Stolen Property	135	(1)
Robbery	136	(1)
Extortion	137	(2)
Consolidated Theft Statutes	139	(1)
Identity Theft	140	(3)
The Model Penal Code Consolidation	143	(1)
Destruction of Property	144	(1)
Computer Crimes	145	(4)
Web Links	149	(1)
Key Terms	149	(1)
Review Questions	150	(1)
Review Problems	150	(1)
End Notes	151	(2)
Crimes Against the Public	153	(56)
Defining a ``Crime Against the Public''	154	(1)
Crimes Against Public Morality	155	(12)
Prostitution and Solicitation	155	(1)
Deviate Sexual Conduct	155	(3)
Indecent Exposure and Lewdness	158	(1)
Obscenity	158	(3)
Regulating the Internet	161	(6)
Crimes Against the Public Order	167	(13)
Introduction	167	(1)
Riot and Unlawful Assembly	167	(1)
Disturbing the Peace	168	(1)
Incitement/Advocacy of Unlawful Conduct	168	(2)
Threats	170	(1)
Vagrancy and Panhandling	170	(3)
Crimes Involving Firearms	173	(2)
Drug and Alcohol Crimes	175	(5)
Crimes Against the Administration of Government	180	(9)
Perjury	180	(3)
Bribery	183	(1)
Tax Crimes	184	(2)
Obstruction of Justice	186	(1)
Contempt	187	(2)
Crimes Against Sovereignty and Security	189	(11)
Treason	189	(2)
Sedition & Espionage	191	(1)
Terrorism	191	(9)
Crimes Against the Environment	200	(5)
Clean Water Act	202	(1)
Clean Air Act	202	(1)
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act	202	(1)
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act	203	(1)
Occupational Safety and Health Act	203	(1)
Toxic Substances Control Act	203	(1)
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act	204	(1)
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act	204	(1)
Endangered Species Act	204	(1)
Marine Mammal Protection Act	204	(1)
Web Links	205	(1)
Key Terms	205	(1)
Review Questions	205	(1)
Review Problems	206	(1)
End Notes	207	(2)
Parties and Inchoate Offenses	209	(12)
Parties to Crimes	210	(1)
Inchoate Crimes	211	(7)
Attempt	211	(3)
Conspiracy	214	(4)
Solicitation	218	(1)
Web Links	218	(1)
Key Terms	219	(1)
Review Questions	219	(1)
Review Problems	219	(1)
End Notes	220	(1)
Factual and Statutory Defenses	221	(24)
``Defense'' Defined	222	(1)
Affirmative Defenses	222	(1)
Insanity	223	(7)
M'Naghten	224	(1)
Irresistible Impulse	225	(1)
Durham	225	(1)
The Model Penal Code Test	225	(1)
Guilty But Mentally Ill	226	(1)
Procedures of the Insanity Defense	226	(1)
Disposition of the Criminally Insane	227	(2)
Insanity at the Time of Trial	229	(1)
Duress and Necessity	230	(1)
Use-of-Force Defenses	231	(7)
Self-Defense	231	(2)
Defense of Others	233	(1)
Defense of Property and Habitation	233	(1)
Imperfect Self-Defense	234	(1)
Arrests	234	(4)
Infancy	238	(1)
Intoxication	239	(1)
Mistake	239	(1)
Entrapment	240	(1)
Alibi and Consent	241	(1)
Statutes of Limitation	241	(1)
Web Links	242	(1)
Key Terms	243	(1)
Review Questions	243	(1)
Review Problems	243	(1)
End Notes	244	(1)
Constitutional Defenses	245	(30)
Introduction	246	(1)
Double Jeopardy	246	(1)
Self-Incrimination and Immunity	247	(2)
Due Process and Equal Protection	249	(2)
Vagueness and Overbreadth	251	(1)
Ex Post Facto and Bills of Attainder	251	(1)
First Amendment and Religion	252	(7)
First Amendment and Speech	259	(7)
Privacy and Other Unenumerated Rights	266	(5)
Web Links	271	(1)
Key Terms	271	(1)
Review Questions	271	(1)
Review Problems	272	(1)
End Notes	272	(3)
PART II Criminal Procedure
Introduction and Participants	275	(22)
Criminal Procedure Defined	276	(1)
A Common-Law, Adversarial, and Accusatorial System	276	(2)
The Due Process Model	278	(1)
The Participants	279	(14)
Law Enforcement Officers	279	(1)
Prosecutors	280	(7)
Judges	287	(1)
Defense Attorneys	288	(4)
Victims	292	(1)
Liability of Governments and Their Officials	293	(2)
Web Links	295	(1)
Key Terms	295	(1)
Review Questions	295	(1)
Review Problems	295	(1)
End Notes	296	(1)
The Constitutional Aspects of Criminal Procedure	297	(14)
Introduction	298	(1)
Incorporation	298	(2)
Expansion of Rights	300	(1)
Exclusionary Rule	300	(3)
Exclusionary Rule and Exceptions	303	(1)
Fruit of the Poisonous Tree	303	(1)
Standing	304	(1)
State Constitutions and the ``New Federalism''	305	(4)
Web Links	309	(1)
Key Terms	310	(1)
Review Questions	310	(1)
Review Problems	310	(1)
End Notes	310	(1)
Searches, Seizures, and Arrests	311	(68)
The Fourth Amendment	312	(7)
Privacy	312	(7)
Probable Cause	319	(9)
Searches and Seizures	328	(34)
The Warrant Requirement	328	(6)
Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement	334	(28)
Arrest	362	(13)
Defining Arrest	362	(1)
The Warrant Preference	363	(2)
Arrests in Protected Areas	365	(4)
Search Incident to Arrest and the Protective Sweep	369	(2)
Executing Arrest Warrants	371	(1)
Illegal Arrests	372	(1)
Analyzing Fourth Amendment Problems	372	(3)
Web Links	375	(1)
Key Terms	376	(1)
Review Questions	376	(1)
Review Problems	376	(1)
End Notes	377	(2)
Interrogation and Other Law Enforcement Practices	379	(26)
Interrogations, Confessions, and Admissions	380	(10)
Miranda	380	(9)
Sixth Amendment	389	(1)
Voluntariness Requirement	390	(1)
Electronic Surveillance	390	(3)
Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control Act	390	(3)
Pretrial Identification Procedures	393	(9)
Lineups and One-Man Showups	393	(1)
The Fairness Right	394	(2)
Photographs	396	(1)
Scientific Identification Procedures	396	(5)
Exclusion of Improper Identifications	401	(1)
Web Links	402	(1)
Key Terms	402	(1)
Review Questions	402	(1)
Review Problems	403	(1)
End Notes	403	(2)
The Pretrial Process	405	(30)
Introduction	406	(1)
Discovery and Investigation of Criminal Activity	406	(1)
Arrest	406	(1)
The Complaint	406	(5)
Initial Appearance	411	(1)
Pretrial Release and Detention	411	(2)
Types of Release	411	(1)
Eighth Amendment	412	(1)
Detention	412	(1)
Preliminary Hearing	413	(3)
The Formal Charge	416	(5)
Indictment and Grand Jury	416	(5)
Information	421	(1)
Arraignment	421	(1)
Pretrial Activity	422	(7)
Discovery	422	(5)
Motion Practice	427	(2)
Pretrial Conference	429	(1)
Extradition and Detainers	429	(2)
Removal	431	(1)
Web Links	431	(1)
Key Terms	431	(1)
Review Questions	432	(1)
Review Problems	432	(1)
End Notes	432	(3)
Trial	435	(22)
Trial Rights of Defendants	436	(14)
The Right to a Jury Trial	436	(1)
The Right to a Public Trial	437	(5)
The Right to Confrontation and Cross-Examination	442	(1)
The Presumption of Innocence/Burden of Proof	442	(1)
The Right to Speedy Trial	443	(2)
The Right to Counsel	445	(5)
Trial Procedure	450	(4)
Voir Dire	450	(1)
Preliminary Instructions	450	(1)
Opening Statements	451	(1)
The Prosecution's Case in Chief	451	(1)
The Defense Case	452	(1)
Rebuttal	452	(1)
Closing Arguments	453	(1)
Final Instructions	453	(1)
Jury Deliberations and Verdict	453	(1)
JNOV/New Trial	454	(1)
Web Links	454	(1)
Key Terms	455	(1)
Review Questions	455	(1)
Review Problems	455	(1)
End Notes	455	(2)
Sentencing and Appeal	457	(42)
Sentencing	458	(33)
Sentencing Procedure	458	(2)
Forms of Punishment	460	(29)
Habitual Offender Statutes	489	(2)
Postconviction Remedies	491	(5)
Appeal	491	(1)
Habeas Corpus	492	(4)
Web Links	496	(1)
Key Terms	496	(1)
Review Questions	496	(1)
Review Problems	496	(1)
End Notes	497	(2)
Appendix A The Constitution of the United States of America	499	(10)
Appendix B Selected Excerpts from the Model Penal Code	509	(34)
Glossary	543	(8)
Index	551