Criminal Law & Procedure for the Paralegal

by McCord, James W. H.; McCord, Sandra L.

• ISBN13: 9780766819658
• ISBN10: 0766819655
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-12-19
• Publisher: Thomson Delmar Learning

Summary

This comprehensive book explores the role of the paralegal in criminal law. It places the reader in a law office setting and provides sample cases that track through the system. Readers work through a criminal case from intake interviews through sentencing and appeal, while performing the tasks required of a criminal law paralegal. The book's unique perspective offers insight for anyone interested in the paralegal's role in criminal law. ALSO AVAILABLE - INSTRUCTOR'S SUPPLEMENT: Instructor's Guide (ISBN# 0-7668-1966-). Call Customer Support to Order.

Table of Contents

Table of Exhibits	xvii
Table of Cases	xix
Preface	xxxv
Foundations of Criminal Law	3	(22)
Introduction	4	(1)
Overview of the Legal System	4	(2)
Rule of Law	4	(1)
The Constitution	4	(1)
Separation of Powers	5	(1)
Police Power	5	(1)
Criminal Law	6	(4)
Purpose of Criminal Law	6	(1)
Sources of Criminal Law	7	(1)
Model Penal Code	8	(1)
Administrative Crime	8	(1)
International Crime	8	(1)
Change in the Criminal Law	8	(1)
Divisions of Criminal Law	9	(1)
Due Process	9	(1)
Classification of Crimes	9	(1)
Punishment and Criminal Law	10	(3)
Introduction	10	(1)
Retribution	10	(1)
Deterrence	11	(1)
Rehabilitation	12	(1)
Critical Reason and Criminal Law	13	(1)
The Dilemma of Crime in a Free Society	14	(1)
Crime in The United States	15	(2)
Current State of Crime	15	(1)
Reasons for Drop in Crime	15	(1)
Special Concerns: Present and Future	16	(1)
Practical Considerations for the Study of Criminal Law	17	(1)
The Significance of Studying Criminal Law	17	(1)
About This Text: Applying State Law	17	(1)
The System Folder	17	(1)
Sample Cases	18	(2)
Case I	18	(1)
Case II	19	(1)
Case III	19	(1)
Case IV	19	(1)
Case V	20	(1)
Case VI	20	(1)
Conclusion	20	(5)
Administration of Criminal Justice and the Role of the Paralegal	25	(24)
Introduction	26	(1)
Law Enforcement Agencies	26	(1)
Prosecutorial Agencies	27	(1)
Defense Bar	28	(1)
Corrections Agencies	28	(1)
Criminal Court System	29	(5)
Court Structure	29	(1)
Jurisdiction	29	(1)
Criminal Procedure	30	(4)
Professional Ethics in Criminal Law Practice	34	(4)
Introduction	34	(1)
Adversary System	34	(1)
Role of the Prosecutor	35	(1)
Role of the Defense Attorney	36	(2)
Role of the Judge	38	(1)
Role of the Paralegal	38	(6)
Paralegal Tasks in Criminal Law Offices	38	(2)
Paralegal Ethical Responsibilities	40	(2)
Other Professional Considerations	42	(1)
Professional Development	43	(1)
Conclusion	44	(5)
Components of a Crime	49	(28)
Introduction	50	(1)
Harm Or Likely Harm: The Classification of Crimes	50	(1)
Actus Reus	51	(3)
Introduction	51	(1)
Voluntary and Involuntary Acts	51	(1)
Omissions	52	(1)
Possession	53	(1)
Status	54	(1)
Mens Rea	54	(5)
Introduction	54	(1)
Model Penal Code Definitions	55	(2)
General, Specific, and Transferred Intent	57	(1)
Concurrence	57	(1)
Strict Liability	58	(1)
Causation	59	(2)
Introduction	59	(1)
Foreseeable Consequences	60	(1)
Supervening or Superseding Causes	60	(1)
Complicity	61	(5)
Introduction	61	(1)
Common Law	61	(1)
Modern Law	62	(1)
Actus Reus in Complicity	62	(1)
Mens Rea in Complicity	63	(2)
Abandonment	65	(1)
Accessory After the Fact	65	(1)
Vicarious and Corporate Liability	66	(5)
Introduction	66	(1)
Vicarious Liability	66	(1)
Corporate Liability	67	(4)
Conclusion	71	(6)
Crimes Against Persons and Crimes Against Habitation	77	(62)
Introduction	78	(1)
Elements of Crimes	78	(1)
Lesser Included Offense	78	(1)
Crimes Against Persons	79	(47)
Introduction	79	(1)
Homicide	80	(14)
Assault and Battery	94	(12)
Civil Rights Violations	106	(1)
Sexual Battery	107	(12)
Criminal Abuse	119	(2)
Kidnapping, False Imprisonment, and Custodial Interference	121	(5)
Crimes Against Habitation	126	(4)
Introduction	126	(1)
Arson	126	(1)
Vandalism	127	(1)
Burglary	127	(3)
Conclusion	130	(9)
Crimes Against Property, Public Order and Safety, Public Morals, and Justice and Public Administration	139	(46)
Introduction	140	(1)
Crimes Against Property	140	(20)
Introduction	140	(1)
Larceny	140	(3)
Embezzlement	143	(1)
False Pretenses or Fraud	144	(1)
Bad Checks	145	(1)
Receiving Stolen Property	146	(1)
Forgery and Uttering a Forged Instrument	146	(1)
Robbery	147	(3)
Extortion	150	(1)
Consolidated Theft	150	(3)
Cybercrimes	153	(2)
White-Collar Crime	155	(5)
Crimes Against Public Order and Safety	160	(5)
Introduction	160	(1)
Disorderly Conduct	160	(1)
Riot	0161	(1)
Vagrancy and Loitering	162	(1)
Endangering Public Health and Environment	163	(1)
Use and Distribution of Firearms	164	(1)
Crimes Against Public Morals	165	(8)
Introduction	165	(1)
Nonviolent Sexual Conduct	165	(5)
Gambling	170	(1)
Drug Offenses	170	(3)
Crimes Against Justice and Public Administration	173	(3)
Introduction	173	(1)
Bribery	173	(1)
Perjury	174	(1)
Obstruction of Justice	174	(1)
Resisting Arrest	175	(1)
Escape	175	(1)
Contempt of Court	175	(1)
Conclusion	176	(9)
Inchoate and Organized Crimes	185	(38)
Introduction	186	(1)
Attempt	187	(7)
Introduction	187	(1)
Mens Rea in Attempt	188	(1)
Actus Reus in Attempt	189	(4)
Defenses to Attempt	193	(1)
Conspiracy	194	(15)
Introduction	194	(1)
Mens Rea in Conspiracy	195	(1)
Actus Reus in Conspiracy	196	(7)
Defenses to Conspiracy	203	(1)
Hearsay Exception	204	(4)
Problems with Conspiracy	208	(1)
Solicitation	209	(1)
Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO)	210	(1)
Introduction	210	(1)
RICO Elements	210	(1)
Extent of Control	211	(1)
RICO Conspiracy	211	(1)
State Organized Crime Statutes	211	(1)
Continuing Criminal Enterprise (CCE)	211	(3)
Criminal Gang Control	214	(2)
Conclusion	216	(7)
Defenses	223	(40)
Introduction	224	(1)
Types of Defenses	224	(1)
Effective Level of Defense	224	(1)
Burden of Proof	224	(1)
Constitutional and Statutory Defenses	225	(6)
Introduction	225	(1)
Freedom of Religion	226	(1)
Freedom of Expression	226	(1)
Freedom of Assembly	227	(1)
Double Jeopardy	227	(2)
Substantive Due Process	229	(1)
Right to Privacy	230	(1)
Statute of Limitations	230	(1)
Justification	231	(7)
Introduction	231	(1)
Self-Defense	231	(6)
Defense of Third Person	237	(1)
Defense of Property	237	(1)
Resisting Unlawful Arrest	237	(1)
Execution of Public Duties	238	(1)
Excuse	238	(12)
Introduction	238	(1)
Duress	238	(1)
Necessity	239	(1)
Entrapment	240	(4)
Insanity	244	(6)
Missing Elements	250	(4)
Introduction	250	(1)
Actus Reus as a Missing Element	250	(1)
Mens Rea as a Missing Element	251	(3)
Consent	254	(1)
Syndromes	254	(1)
Conclusion	254	(9)
Intake and Drafting the Complaint	263	(46)
Introduction	264	(1)
Intake Procedure	264	(8)
Introduction	264	(1)
Preparing for Intake	264	(4)
The Interview	268	(3)
Counseling the Victim	271	(1)
Decision to Charge	272	(3)
Authority, Limits, and Immunity from Civil Suit	272	(1)
Joinder of Offenses and Defendants	273	(2)
Drafting the Complaint	275	(3)
Drafting from the Intake Form	275	(1)
Drafting from the Police Report	276	(2)
The Summons and Warrant	278	(1)
Summons	278	(1)
Arrest Warrant	278	(1)
Checklist for Drafting and Filing the Summons and Warrant	278	(1)
Docket Tracking	279	(1)
Conclusion	280	(29)
Search and Seizure	309	(62)
Introduction	310	(1)
Scope of the Fourth Amendment	311	(9)
State Action	311	(1)
Reasonable Expectation of Privacy	311	(9)
Warrant Requirements	320	(8)
Issuance: Probable Cause, Neutrality, Particularity	320	(3)
Execution of the Warrant	323	(5)
Warrant Subsequent to Search: Independent Source	328	(1)
Exceptions to the requirement for a Warrant	328	(25)
Introduction	328	(1)
Arrest	328	(4)
Stop and Frisk (Investigatory Detection)	332	(1)
Search Incident to Lawful Arrest	333	(2)
Plain View	335	(1)
Motor Vehicle Searches	336	(4)
Hot Pursuit	340	(1)
Evanescent Evidence	341	(1)
Border, Regulatory, and Emergency Searches	341	(7)
Consent Searches	348	(3)
Inevitable Discovery	351	(1)
Community Caretaking Function	351	(2)
Electronic Surveillance	353	(3)
Secret Agents	356	(1)
The Exclusionary Rule	356	(8)
Conclusion	364	(7)
Confessions and Pretrial Identification Procedures	371	(38)
Introduction	372	(1)
The Fifth Amendment Privilege Against Self-Incrimination	372	(4)
Introduction	372	(1)
Who Is Protected by the Right Against Self-Incrimination	373	(1)
In What Kinds of Hearings May the Right Be Exercised?	374	(1)
What is Incriminating Testimony?	374	(1)
When Can Incriminating Testimony Be Compelled?	374	(2)
How Far Does a Waiver of the Right Extend?	376	(1)
When Is Evidence Testimonial?	376	(1)
Confessions and Interrogation: Miranda	376	(23)
Introduction	376	(16)
Miranda	392	(1)
Issues Miranda Left Unanswered	393	(4)
Effect of Denial of Right to Counsel (Massiah) and Harmless Error	397	(1)
Challenging a Confession	397	(1)
The Paralegal's Role	398	(1)
Lineups, One-On-One Show-Ups, and Photo Identifications	399	(3)
Introduction	399	(1)
The Right to Counsel at Pretrial Identification	400	(1)
Due Process and Pretrial Identifications	400	(2)
Conclusion	402	(7)
Pretrial: Initial Appearance to Preliminary Hearing	409	(34)
Introduction	410	(1)
The Initial Appearance	410	(8)
Introduction	410	(1)
Notification of Rights and Determination of Indigency	410	(1)
Bail	411	(2)
Initial Appearance: The Paralegal's Role	413	(5)
Pretrial Detention	418	(1)
Interviewing	418	(8)
Introduction	418	(1)
Interviewing the Defendant	419	(5)
Interviewing Witnesses	424	(1)
Ethical Considerations	425	(1)
Dealing with the Difficult Client	425	(1)
Interview Summaries	426	(1)
Other Preliminary Investigation and Preparation	426	(3)
The Defense	426	(1)
The Prosecution	427	(1)
Preparing Questions for the Preliminary Hearing	428	(1)
The Preliminary Hearing	429	(1)
Extradition	430	(1)
Conclusion	430	(13)
Pretrial: Grand Jury to Pretrial Conference	443	(42)
Introduction	444	(1)
Grand Jury and Indictment	444	(7)
Introduction	444	(1)
Composition	444	(1)
Powers	445	(1)
Autonomy and Secrecy	446	(1)
Procedure	446	(1)
The Paralegal's Role: Prosecution	447	(1)
The Paralegal's Role: Defense	447	(4)
The Information	451	(1)
Arraignment	451	(2)
Introduction	451	(1)
The Paralegal's Role	452	(1)
Discovery	453	(5)
Introduction	453	(1)
The Law on Discovery	453	(1)
Exculpatory Evidence	454	(1)
Discovery Procedure and the Paralegal's Role	455	(3)
Other Investigation	458	(1)
Pretrial Motions	458	(3)
Introduction	458	(1)
Procedure	459	(1)
Common Pretrial Motions	459	(2)
Notice of Defenses	461	(1)
Plea Bargaining	461	(2)
The Right to A Speedy Trial	463	(1)
Pretrial Conference	464	(1)
Conclusion	464	(21)
Trial: Rights, Procedure, Tasks	485	(34)
Introduction	486	(1)
Trial Rights	486	(4)
The Right to a Jury Trial	486	(1)
The Right to Counsel	487	(1)
The Rights of Presence and Confrontation	488	(2)
The Right to Present Witnesses, to Testify, or Not to Testify	490	(1)
Fair Trial Versus Free Press and Public Access	490	(1)
The Paralegal's Role in Preparation for Trial	491	(1)
Introduction	491	(1)
The Trial Notebook	491	(1)
Preparation of Client and Witnesses	492	(1)
Trial Materials	492	(1)
Trial Procedure and the Paralegal's Role	492	(15)
Voir Dire	492	(4)
Opening Statements	496	(1)
The Prosecution's Case and the Presentation of Evidence	496	(5)
Defense Cross-Examination of Prosecution's Witnesses	501	(1)
Motion for Judgment of Acquittal	502	(1)
Defendant's Case in Chief	502	(1)
Prosecution's Rebuttal and Defendant's Rejoinder	503	(1)
Motion for Judgment of Acquittal or Directed Verdict	503	(1)
Jury Instruction Conference	503	(1)
Closing Arguments	504	(1)
Judge's Instructions to the Jury	505	(1)
Jury Deliberation	505	(2)
Jury Verdict and Polling	507	(1)
Posttrial Motions	507	(1)
Purpose	507	(1)
Types of Posttrial Motions	507	(1)
Conclusion	508	(11)
Sentencing, Punishment, and Review	519	(72)
Introduction	520	(1)
Goals	520	(1)
Setting and Serving the Sentence	520	(1)
Review	520	(1)
Forms of Punishment	521	(11)
Introduction	521	(1)
Capital Punishment	522	(6)
Incarceration	528	(1)
Fines	529	(1)
Restitution	530	(1)
Forfeiture	530	(1)
Probation	531	(1)
Sentencing Statutes and Guidelines	532	(4)
Sentencing Statutes	532	(1)
Three Strikes Laws	532	(1)
Sentencing Guidelines	533	(3)
Sentencing Procedure	536	(7)
Introduction	536	(1)
Capital Sentencing	536	(1)
Presentence Report	536	(1)
Alternative Sentencing Plan	537	(1)
The Sentencing Hearing	538	(5)
Serving The Sentence	543	(2)
Revocation of Probation	543	(1)
Parole and Its Revocation	544	(1)
Rights and Responsibilities of Prisoners	544	(1)
Appeals	545	(4)
Introduction	545	(1)
Basis for Appeal	546	(1)
Appellate Procedure	547	(2)
The Writ of Habeas Corpus	549	(2)
Introduction	549	(1)
Criteria for Access to Habeas Corpus	549	(2)
Habeas Corpus Procedure	551	(1)
Conclusion	551	(40)
Glossary	591	(6)
Appendix A: Spanish Equivalents for Important Legal Terms in English	597	(4)
Appendix B: System Folder Contents	601	(6)
Appendix C: Excerpts From the Constitution of the United States of America	607	(6)
Index	613