Critical Issues in Tourism A Geographical Perspective

by Shaw, Gareth; Williams, Allan M.

• ISBN13: 9780631224136
• ISBN10: 0631224130
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-02-01
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

The first edition of Critical Issues in Tourism provided a much-needed geographic perspective on how the production and consumption of tourism are reshaping human and physical environments. The second edition builds on this, updating the original material to reflect the substantial changes that have taken place within tourism geography in recent years, and adding whole new sections. New material includes: a chapter on tourism and the environment, reflecting the complexities of sustainable approaches; a more detailed discussion of how tourism is signified in the landscape; and new material on gender and migration. Debates on the economic geography of tourism and the importance of the political economy perspective have been revisited, and discussion of lifestyles, social access and tourist typologies extended. In addition, the reference material, examples, and empirical information have been fully updated and new case studies added, covering both developed and developing economies. There is also a new section on key web sites for tourism information. As interest in tourism studies and the geography of tourism grows, this text continues to offer vitally important discussion of the problems and issues facing tourism today.

Author Biography

Gareth Shaw and Allan M Williams both hold chairs in Human Geography at the University of Exeter and are Joint Directors of the University's Tourism Research Group.

Table of Contents

List of Tables	viii
List of Boxes	xi
List of Figures	xiii
List of Plates	xv
Preface to the Second Edition	xvi
PART I An Approach to Tourism	1	(48)
Introduction	3	(23)
Tourism, Leisure, and Mobility: Definitions and Relationships	3	(8)
Tourism and Leisure: Economy, Society, and Culture	11	(11)
Production and Consumption: An Approach to Critical Issues	22	(4)
The International Dimension	26	(23)
Torism and Globalization	26	(2)
Tourism and Leisure: Internationalization and Globalization	28	(7)
The Globalization of Business and Business Tourism	35	(7)
Tourism and the Less Developed Countries	42	(7)
PART II Access to Tourism Consumption	49	(60)
Social Access to Tourism and Leisure	51	(25)
Socio-economic Change and Leisure Development	51	(4)
New Forms of Tourism Consumption	55	(3)
Inequalities in Tourism and Leisure Access	58	(5)
Leisure Patterns and Constraints on Leisure Participation	63	(6)
The Disadvantaged Tourist	69	(2)
Improving Access to Leisure and Tourism: The Role of the State	71	(5)
Tourist Motivation and Behavior	76	(33)
In Search of the Tourist	76	(8)
Tourists and Tourist Images	84	(1)
Tourist Motivation and Decision-making	85	(6)
Tourist Behavior: At the Scene of their Dreams	91	(4)
Hosts and Guests: Perspectives on Tourist Cultures	95	(4)
The Sociocultural Impact of Tourists	99	(10)
PART III The Production of Tourism Services	109	(80)
The Tourism and Leisure Industries	111	(34)
The Tourism and Leisure Complex	111	(2)
Commodification, Spatial Fixity, and Temporality	113	(3)
A Question of Scale: Company Structures	116	(5)
Internationalization and Transnational Corporations	121	(6)
Packaging Paradise: The International Tour Companies	127	(5)
State Intervention, Government, and Governance	132	(5)
The Tourism Industry and International Trade	137	(8)
Tourism and Entrepreneurship	145	(20)
Tourism, Economic Development, and Entrepreneurial Activity: A Neglected Issue	145	(6)
The Role of Entrepreneurship in Tourism Development	151	(8)
The Nature and Characteristics of Tourism Entrepreneurs	159	(6)
Tourism Employment and Labor Markets	165	(24)
Employment in Tourism and Leisure	165	(6)
Labor-force Composition: Flexibility and Internal-External Labor Markets	171	(9)
The Social Construction of Labor Markets: Gender and Flexibility	180	(1)
Migration, Labor Market Segmentation, and Informal Labor Markets	181	(8)
PART IV Tourism Environments	189	(132)
Tourism and Leisure Environments	191	(20)
Typologies of Tourism and Leisure Environments	191	(7)
Resort Cycles and Changes in Tourism Environments	198	(4)
The Falsification of Place and Time in Leisure Environments	202	(5)
Theming the Landscape	207	(4)
Mass Tourism	211	(33)
The Origins of Mass Tourism and Leisure	211	(7)
Mass Tourism as a Form of Mass Consumption	218	(8)
Mass Tourism: Contrasting Case Studies	226	(13)
Changes in Tourism and Leisure: The End of Mass Tourism?	239	(5)
Urban Tourism	244	(29)
The Dimensions of Urban Tourism and Leisure	244	(7)
The Tourist in the City	251	(5)
Tourism, Urban Regeneration, and Place Marketing	256	(8)
Hallmark Events and the City as Spectacle	264	(4)
Selling the City: Who Benefits?	268	(5)
Rural Tourism	273	(23)
Tourism, Leisure, and Rural Areas	273	(4)
The Changing Social Construction of Rural Tourism and Recreation	277	(6)
Trouble in Paradise: Competition and Conflict in Rural Tourism	283	(6)
Rural Economies and Restructuring: The Roles of Rural and Farm Tourism	289	(7)
Tourism and the Environment: The Challenge of Sustainable Tourism	296	(25)
Tourism and Environment Relationships	296	(4)
The Sustainable Tourism Paradigm	300	(4)
The Environmental Impact of Tourism	304	(6)
Managing the Tourism Environment: Applying the Principles of Sustainable Tourism	310	(8)
Sustainable Tourism and the Role of the State	318	(3)
Tourism Internet Resources and Key Websites	321	(5)
Recommended Reading	326	(4)
Bibliography	330	(37)
Index	367