Cultural Anthropology, with Living Anthropology Student CD and PowerWeb

by Kottak, Conrad Phillip

• ISBN13: 9780073138756
• ISBN10: 0073138754
• Edition: 11th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-05-27
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages

Summary

The new edition of Kottak's best selling text for cultural anthropology emphasizes anthropology's integrated and comparative nature with "Bringing It All Together" essays that show how anthropology's sub-fields and dimensions combine to interpret and explain a common topic. Another distinctive feature, "Understanding Ourselves," illustrates the relevance of anthropological facts and theories to students' everyday lives. In addition, every new copy of the eleventh edition is packaged free with a new student CD-ROM as well as PowerWeb!

Table of Contents

About the Author	xv
Preface	xvii
Walkthrough	xxx
PART I The Dimensions of Anthropology	3	(40)
What Is Anthropology?	3	(22)
Human Adaptability	3	(1)
Adaptation, Variation, and Change	4	(3)
General Anthropology	7	(1)
Cultural Forces Shape Human Biology	8	(1)
The Subdisciplines of Anthropology	8	(7)
Cultural Anthropology	8	(2)
Archaeological Anthropology	10	(1)
Biological, or Physical, Anthropology	11	(1)
Interesting Issues: Even Anthropologists Get Culture Shock	12	(2)
Beyond the Classroom: The Utility of Hand and Foot Bones for Problems in Biological Anthropology	14	(1)
Linguistic Anthropology	15	(1)
Applied Anthropology	15	(2)
Anthropology and Other Academic Fields	17	(2)
Cultural Anthropology and Sociology	17	(1)
Anthropology and Psychology	18	(1)
Science, Explanation, and Hypothesis Testing	19	(6)
Applying Anthropology	25	(18)
What is Applied Anthropology?	25	(1)
The Role of the Applied Anthropologist	26	(3)
Academic and Applied Anthropology	29	(1)
Theory and Practice	30	(1)
Anthropology and Education	30	(1)
Urban Anthropology	31	(2)
Urban versus Rural	32	(1)
Medical Anthropology	33	(4)
Beyond the Classroom: New Life, Good Health	36	(1)
Anthropology and Business	37	(1)
Careers and Anthropology	38	(5)
Interesting Issues: Hot Asset in Corporate: Anthropology Degrees	38	(5)
PART II Cultural Diversity	43	(262)
Ethics and Methods in Cultural Anthropology	43	(20)
Ethics	43	(3)
Methods---Ethnography	46	(1)
Ethnographic Techniques	47	(8)
Observation and Participant Observation	47	(1)
Conversation, Interviewing, and Interview Schedules	48	(1)
The Genealogical Method	49	(1)
Key Cultural Consultants	49	(1)
Life Histories	50	(1)
Local Beliefs and Perceptions, and the Ethnographer's	50	(1)
The Evolution of Ethnography	50	(2)
Problem-Oriented Ethnography	52	(1)
Longitudinal Research	52	(1)
Team Research	53	(1)
Culture, Space, and Scale	54	(1)
Survey Research	55	(8)
Beyond the Classroom: Stories from Women Domestics of the Yucatan	57	(6)
Culture	63	(18)
What Is Culture?	63	(7)
Culture Is Learned	64	(1)
Culture Is Shared	64	(3)
Interesting Issues: Touching, Affection, Love, and Sex	67	(1)
Culture Is Symbolic	68	(1)
Culture and Nature	68	(1)
Culture Is All-Encompassing	69	(1)
Culture Is Integrated	69	(1)
Culture Can Be Adaptive and Maladaptive	70	(1)
Culture and the Individual: Agency and Practice	70	(3)
Levels of Culture	71	(1)
Ethnocentrism, Cultural Relativism, and Human Rights	71	(2)
Universality, Generality, and Particularity	73	(3)
Universality	73	(1)
Generality	73	(1)
Particularity: Patterns of Culture	74	(1)
Beyond the Classroom: Folklore Reveals Ethos of Heating Plant Workers	75	(1)
Mechanisms of Cultural Change	76	(1)
Globalization	76	(5)
Ethnicity and Race	81	(26)
Ethnic Groups and Ethnicity	81	(4)
Status Shifting	84	(1)
Race	85	(1)
Social Race	86	(6)
Hypodescent: Race in the United States	86	(1)
Beyond the Classroom: Perceptions of Race and Skin Color on an American College Campus	87	(1)
Race in the Census	88	(1)
Not Us: Race in Japan	89	(1)
Phenotype and Fluidity: Race in Brazil	90	(2)
Stratification and ``Intelligence''	92	(2)
Ethnic Groups, Nations, and Nationalities	94	(1)
Nationalities and Imagined Communities	94	(1)
Peaceful Coexistence	94	(4)
Assimilation	95	(1)
The Plural Society	95	(1)
Multiculturalism and Ethnic Identity	95	(1)
Interesting Issues: Ethnic Nationalism Runs Wild	96	(2)
Roots of Ethnic Conflict	98	(9)
Prejudice and Discrimination	98	(1)
Chips in the Mosaic	99	(1)
Aftermaths of Oppression	99	(8)
Language and Communication	107	(28)
What Is Language?	107	(1)
Animal Communication	108	(5)
Call Systems	108	(1)
Sign Language	108	(5)
The Origin of Language	113	(1)
Nonverbal Communication	113	(1)
The Structure of Language	114	(2)
Speech Sounds	115	(1)
Language, Thought, and Culture	116	(3)
Interesting Issues: Do Midwesterners Have Accents?	116	(1)
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis	117	(1)
Focal Vocabulary	117	(1)
Meaning	118	(1)
Sociolinguistics	119	(7)
Linguistic Diversity	119	(1)
Gender Speech Contrasts	120	(1)
Language and Status Position	121	(1)
Stratification	122	(1)
Black English Vernacular (BEV), a.k.a. ``Ebonics''	123	(2)
Beyond the Classroom: Cybercommunication in Collegespace	125	(1)
Historical Linguistics	126	(4)
Bringing it all Together: Canada: Unity and Diversity in Culture and Language	130	(5)
Making a Living	135	(26)
Adaptive Strategies	135	(1)
Foraging	136	(6)
Correlates of Foraging	139	(1)
Beyond the Classroom: Integrating Archaeological, Ethnographic, and Analytic Subsistence Data: A Case Study from Patagonia, South America	140	(2)
Cultivation	142	(3)
Horticulture	142	(1)
Agriculture	142	(1)
The Cultivation Continuum	143	(1)
Intensification: People and the Environment	144	(1)
Pastoralism	145	(1)
Modes of Production	146	(2)
Production in Nonindustrial Societies	146	(1)
Means of Production	147	(1)
Alienation in Industrial Economies	148	(1)
Economizing and Maximization	148	(3)
Alternative Ends	149	(1)
Interesting Issues: Scarcity and the Betsileo	150	(1)
Distribution, Exchange	151	(2)
The Market Principle	151	(1)
Redistribution	151	(1)
Reciprocity	151	(2)
Coexistence of Exchange Principles	153	(1)
Potlatching	153	(8)
Political Systems	161	(28)
What Is ``The Political''?	161	(1)
Types and Trends	162	(2)
Bands and Tribes	164	(11)
Foraging Bands	165	(3)
Tribal Cultivators	168	(1)
The Village Head	168	(1)
The ``Big Man''	169	(2)
Pantribal Sodalities and Age Grades	171	(2)
Nomadic Politics	173	(1)
Beyond the Classroom: Perspectives on Group Membership	174	(1)
Chiefdoms	175	(3)
Political and Economic Systems in Chiefdoms	175	(1)
Social Status in Chiefdoms	176	(1)
Status Systems in Chiefdoms and States	176	(2)
States	178	(2)
Population Control	178	(1)
Judiciary	179	(1)
Enforcement	179	(1)
Fiscal Systems	179	(1)
Social Control: Politics, Shame, and Sorcery	180	(9)
Families, Kinship, and Descent	189	(22)
Families	189	(7)
Nuclear and Extended Families	190	(3)
Industrialism and Family Organization	193	(1)
Changes in North American Kinship	193	(2)
The Family among Foragers	195	(1)
Descent	196	(3)
Descent Groups	196	(1)
Lineages, Clans, and Residence Rules	197	(1)
Ambilineal Descent	198	(1)
Family versus Descent	198	(1)
Kinship Calculation	199	(3)
Genealogical Kin Types and Kin Terms	199	(1)
Interesting Issues: Social Security, Kinship Style	200	(2)
Kinship Terminology	202	(9)
Lineal Terminology	202	(1)
Bifurcate Merging Terminology	202	(1)
Generational Terminology	203	(1)
Bifurcate Collateral Terminology	204	(7)
Marriage	211	(22)
What Is Marriage?	211	(1)
Incest and Exogamy	212	(4)
Explaining the Taboo	216	(1)
Instinctive Horror	216	(1)
Biological Degeneration	216	(1)
Attempt and Contempt	216	(1)
Marry Out or Die Out	217	(1)
Endogamy	217	(2)
Caste	218	(1)
Royal Incest	218	(1)
Marital Rights and Same-Sex Marriage	219	(2)
Beyond the Classroom: Human Mate Preference in Matrimonial Advertisements from Gujarat, India	220	(1)
Marriage as Group Alliance	221	(4)
Bridewealth and Dowry	222	(1)
Durable Alliances	223	(1)
Interesting Issues: Love and Marriage	224	(1)
Divorce	225	(2)
Plural Marriages	227	(6)
Polygyny	227	(2)
Polyandry	229	(4)
Gender	233	(28)
Sex and Gender	233	(4)
Recurrent Gender Patterns	237	(3)
Gender among Foragers	240	(1)
Gender among Horticulturalists	241	(3)
Reduced Gender Stratification---Matrilineal, Matrilocal Societies	242	(1)
Reduced Gender Stratification---Matrifocal Societies	242	(1)
Increased Gender Stratification---Patrilineal-Patrilocal Societies	243	(1)
Gender among Agriculturalists	244	(1)
Patriarchy and Violence	245	(1)
Gender and Industrialism	246	(3)
The Feminization of Poverty	248	(1)
Sexual Orientation	249	(7)
Interesting Issues: Hidden Women, Public Men---Public Women, Hidden Men	250	(6)
Bringing it all Together: The Basques	256	(5)
Religion	261	(24)
What Is Religion?	261	(1)
Origins, Functions, and Expressions of Religion	262	(7)
Animism	262	(3)
Mana and Taboo	265	(1)
Magic and Religion	265	(1)
Anxiety, Control, Solace	266	(1)
Rituals	266	(1)
Rites of Passage	266	(2)
Totemism	268	(1)
Religion and Cultural Ecology	269	(1)
Sacred Cattle in India	269	(1)
Social Control	270	(3)
Beyond the Classroom: Ewe Traditional and Biomedical Healing Practices in Ghana's Volta Region	270	(3)
Kinds of Religion	273	(1)
Religion in States	274	(1)
Christian Values	275	(1)
World Religions	275	(2)
Religion and Change	277	(3)
Revitalization Movements	277	(1)
Syncretisms	277	(2)
Antimodernism and Fundamentalism	279	(1)
A New Age	280	(1)
Secular Rituals	280	(5)
The Arts	285	(20)
What Is Art?	285	(6)
Art and Religion	286	(2)
Locating Art	288	(1)
Art and Individuality	289	(1)
The Work of Art	290	(1)
Art, Society, and Culture	291	(14)
The Cultural Transmission of the Arts	294	(2)
Interesting Issues: I'll Get You, My Pretty, and Your Little R2	296	(2)
The Artistic Career	298	(1)
Beyond the Classroom: Capoeira: The Afro-Brazilian Art of Unity and Survival	299	(1)
Continuity and Change	300	(5)
PART III The Changing World	305
The Modern World System	305	(22)
The Emergence of the World System	305	(4)
Industrialization	309	(1)
Causes of the Industrial Revolution	309	(1)
Stratification	310	(7)
Industrial Stratification	311	(1)
Asian Factory Women	312	(3)
Open and Closed Class Systems	315	(1)
Beyond the Classroom: The Residue of Apartheid in Southern Africa	316	(1)
The World System Today	317	(10)
Interesting Issues: The American Periphery	318	(2)
Industrial Degradation	320	(7)
Colonialism and Development	327	(22)
Colonialism	327	(6)
Imperialism	328	(1)
British Colonialism	328	(2)
French Colonialism	330	(2)
Colonialism and Identity	332	(1)
Postcolonial Studies	332	(1)
Development	333	(1)
Neoliberalism	333	(1)
The Second World	334	(4)
Communism	334	(2)
Postsocialist Transitions	336	(2)
Development Anthropology	338	(3)
The Greening of Java	339	(2)
Equity	341	(1)
Strategies for Innovation	341	(8)
Overinnovation	342	(1)
Underdifferentiation	343	(1)
Third World Models	343	(6)
Cultural Exchange and Survival	349
Acculturation	349	(1)
Contact and Domination	350	(4)
Development and Environmentalism	350	(3)
Religious Change	353	(1)
Resistance and Survival	354	(5)
Interesting Issues: Voices of the Rainforest	354	(2)
Weapons of the Weak	356	(1)
Beyond the Classroom: Forging Activist Identities in the Kalaupapa Community of Leprosy Patients	356	(2)
Cultural Imperialism	358	(1)
Making and Remaking Culture	359	(3)
Popular Culture	359	(1)
Indigenizing Popular Culture	359	(1)
Interesting Issues: Using Modern Technology to Preserve Linguistic and Cultural Diversity	360	(1)
A World System of Images	361	(1)
A Transnational Culture of Consumption	361	(1)
People in Motion	362	(2)
The Continuance of Diversity	364	(4)
Bringing It All Together: The Biology and Culture of Overconsumption	368
Appendix 1: A History of Theories in Anthropology	1	(10)
Appendix 2: Ethics and Anthropology	11	(4)
Appendix 3: American Popular Culture	15
Bibliography	1	(1)
Glossary	1	(1)
Credits	1	(1)
Name Index	1	(1)
Subject Index	1