Developing Readers and Writers in the Content Areas, K-12

by Moore, David W.; Moore, Sharon Arthur; Cunningham, Patricia M.; Cunningham, James W.

• ISBN13: 9780321079763
• ISBN10: 0321079760
• Edition: 4TH
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

This practical, engaging text introduces prospective and practicing teachers to K-12 content reading instruction, describing principled teaching practices (Part I) then presenting narrative accounts to show how teachers implement the practices in grade-specific classrooms (Part II).Chapters on comprehension, vocabulary, writing, and studying include end-of-chapter applications that show how the practices apply to specific content areas such as science and mathematics.The Fourth Edition of this popular text includes an expanded, up-to-date focus on standards-based teaching and learning. Reading and writing is integrated and now an updated coverage of trade books and computer technology reflects current trends. Text content progresses from general practices, cycles, and settings of instruction, to units of instruction, to specific lesson planning. This text focuses on instruction that is aligned with state standards and tests yet promotes literacy which goes beyond what is tested. This text speaks to educators new to the idea of content area literacy instruction.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
PART I Developing Readers and Writers...	1	(280)
Content Area Reading and Writing	3	(15)
Looking Ahead	3	(1)
Compelling Reasons Support Content Area Literacy Instruction	4	(5)
Reading and Writing Are Tools for Learning	5	(1)
Literacy Requirements Continually Increase	5	(1)
Content Area Teachers Can Teach Content Area Reading and Writing Best	6	(3)
Do It Together	9	(1)
Thinking Underlies Reading, Writing, and Learning	9	(5)
Connect	10	(1)
Preview and Predict	11	(1)
Organize	11	(1)
Generalize	11	(1)
Image	12	(1)
Self-Monitor	12	(1)
Evaluate	13	(1)
Apply	14	(1)
Try It Out	14	(2)
Thinking Is Complex	14	(2)
Listen, Look, and Learn	16	(1)
Looking Back	16	(1)
Additional Readings	16	(2)
Setting the Stage	18	(16)
Looking Ahead	18	(1)
Practices Are a Basic Ingredient of Literacy Instruction	18	(5)
Providing Access to Reading and Writing That Students Can and Want to Accomplish	19	(1)
Guiding Readers through Challenging Passages	20	(1)
Providing Explicit Instruction in Reading and Writing Strategies	21	(1)
Facilitating Collaborative Literacy Efforts	21	(2)
Assessing Literacy to Inform Teaching and Learning	23	(1)
Listen, Look, and Learn	23	(1)
Literacy Instruction Occurs in Cycles	23	(4)
Planning	24	(1)
Introducing	25	(1)
Guiding	25	(1)
Culminating	25	(1)
Cycles of Literacy Instruction Are Complex	26	(1)
Do It Together	27	(1)
Settings Influence Literacy Teaching and Learning	27	(5)
Literacy Engagement	27	(1)
Vision	28	(1)
Authenticity	28	(1)
Active Participation	29	(1)
Academic Challenge and Support	30	(1)
Social Support	31	(1)
Listen, Look, and Learn	32	(1)
Looking Back	32	(1)
Add to Your Journal	33	(1)
Additional Readings	33	(1)
Instructional Units	34	(30)
Looking Ahead	34	(1)
Selecting a Topic Begins Unit Planning	35	(1)
Listen, Look, and Learn	36	(1)
Framing a Topic Structures Unit Planning	37	(5)
Standards-Based Outcomes	37	(2)
Central Question	39	(1)
Culminating Activity	40	(1)
Framing Units Coherently	41	(1)
Do It Together	42	(1)
Working Within a Frame Focuses Unit Planning	42	(3)
Assessment	42	(3)
Try It Out	45	(4)
Introductory Grabber	45	(4)
Do It Together	49	(2)
Collecting Resources	49	(1)
Planning General Instruction	50	(1)
Scheduling Unit Events	51	(1)
Try It Out	51	(1)
Interdisciplinary Units Are a Special Type	51	(2)
Planning Wheels	53	(1)
Getting Started	53	(1)
Try It Out	53	(8)
Looking Back	61	(1)
Add to Your Journal	61	(1)
Additional Readings	62	(2)
Reading Materials and Protects	64	(31)
Looking Ahead	64	(1)
Students Deserve a Variety of Content Area Reading Materials	65	(3)
Depth of Information	65	(1)
Distinctive Points of View	66	(1)
Materials That Fit Reading Competencies	66	(1)
Opportunities for a Range of Thinking	67	(1)
Listen, Look, and Learn	68	(1)
A Variety of Content Area Reading Materials Is Available	68	(11)
Reference Materials	68	(1)
Periodicals	69	(1)
Computer Technology	70	(3)
Trade Books	73	(2)
Multicultural Literature	75	(2)
Textbooks	77	(2)
Do It Together	79	(1)
Reading Projects Take Many Forms	80	(4)
Visuals	80	(1)
Concrete Objects	81	(1)
Dramatizations	82	(2)
Try It Out	84	(8)
Writing about Reading	84	(5)
Talking about Reading	89	(3)
Looking Back	92	(1)
Add to Your Journal	92	(3)
Additional Readings	92	(3)
Comprehension	95	(40)
Looking Ahead	95	(1)
Appropriate Levels of Comprehension Support Vary	96	(1)
Reader-Text Matches	96	(1)
Do It Together	97	(3)
Deciding When to Provide Support during a Lesson	98	(2)
Listen, Look, and Learn	100	(2)
Comprehension Lesson Planning Involves Decisions	102	(4)
Choosing What to Use as Material for Comprehension Lessons	102	(1)
Determining What Everyone Is to Learn	102	(1)
Engaging Students with Reading	103	(1)
Designing a Group Task	104	(2)
Building Background Knowledge	106	(1)
Comprehension Lessons Occur in a Cycle	106	(4)
Before Reading	106	(2)
During Reading	108	(1)
After Reading	109	(1)
Comprehension Lessons Vary	110	(2)
Graphic Organizers	111	(1)
Try It Out	112	(7)
Prediction	112	(4)
Higher-Order Thinking	116	(3)
Do It Together	119	(1)
Comprehension Independence Can Be Taught	119	(3)
Fading	120	(1)
Discussion	121	(1)
Self-Assessment	121	(1)
Specific Content Area Applications	122	(1)
Comprehension in English/Language Arts Classrooms	122	(2)
Introducing the Novel/Before Reading	122	(1)
Guiding the Reading	123	(1)
Culminating the Novel/After Reading	124	(1)
Comprehension in Second-Language Classrooms	124	(2)
Reading Materials	124	(1)
Read-Aloud Sessions	125	(1)
Response Sketches	125	(1)
Fluency	125	(1)
Social Support	126	(1)
Comprehension in Mathematics Classrooms	126	(2)
Comprehending Word Problems	127	(1)
Comprehension of Text Explanations and Directions	128	(1)
Comprehension in Science Classrooms	128	(2)
Graphic Organizers	128	(1)
Anticipation Guides	129	(1)
Critical Thinking	130	(1)
Comprehension in Social Studies Classrooms	130	(2)
Graphic Organizers	130	(1)
KWLs	131	(1)
Critical Thinking	131	(1)
Comprehension in Activity Classrooms	132	(1)
Looking Back	133	(1)
Add to Your Journal	133	(1)
Additional Readings	134	(1)
Meaning Vocabulary	135	(40)
Looking Ahead	135	(1)
Vocabulary Development Is Complex	136	(3)
Concepts and Labels for Concepts	136	(1)
Depth of Word Knowledge	137	(1)
Denotations and Connotations	137	(1)
Related Words	138	(1)
Symbols	138	(1)
Direct Experience	138	(1)
Media	139	(1)
Connection	139	(1)
Try It Out	139	(1)
Vocabulary Is Introduced in Authentic Settings	140	(2)
Wide Reading	140	(1)
Intensive Study	141	(1)
Try It Out	142	(1)
Word Meanings Are Represented Productively	143	(6)
The Real Thing	143	(1)
A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words	144	(2)
Organizing Words	146	(1)
Scavenger Hunts	147	(1)
Creating Analogies	148	(1)
Vocabulary Is Reviewed for Elaboration and Reinforcement	149	(3)
Capsule Vocabulary	149	(1)
Word Books	149	(1)
Stump the Expert	150	(1)
Around the World	150	(1)
Concentration	150	(1)
Twenty Questions	151	(1)
Jeopardy	151	(1)
Whatta' Ya' Know	151	(1)
Vocabulary Independence Can Be Taught	152	(4)
Context Power	152	(1)
Polysyllabic Power	153	(3)
Do It Together	156	(4)
Model Word Wonder	157	(1)
Have Students Select the Words to Be Learned	158	(1)
Fade Students toward Independence	158	(1)
Teach Students How People Really Use the Dictionary	158	(1)
Help Students Develop Self-Assessment Strategies	159	(1)
Listen, Look, and Learn	160	(1)
Specific Content Area Applications	161	(1)
Vocabulary in English/Language Arts Classrooms	161	(1)
Single Passages	161	(1)
Multiple Passages	162	(1)
Vocabulary in Second-Language Classrooms	162	(2)
Scavenger Hunts	162	(1)
Capsule Vocabulary	163	(1)
Using Cognates	163	(1)
Vocabulary in Mathematics Classrooms	164	(2)
A Symbol Board	165	(1)
Math Morphemes	165	(1)
Multimeaning Luck	165	(1)
Vocabulary in Science Classrooms	166	(2)
Could You Say That in English?	166	(1)
Science Morphemes	167	(1)
Vocabulary in Social Studies Classrooms	168	(1)
Fighting Words	168	(1)
Social Studies Morphemes	168	(1)
Acronym Board	169	(1)
Vocabulary in Activity Classrooms	169	(3)
Multimeaning Luck	170	(1)
Word/Symbol/Picture Board	171	(1)
Word Detectives	171	(1)
Looking Back	172	(1)
Add to Your Journal	172	(1)
Additional Readings	172	(3)
Writing	175	(42)
Looking Ahead	175	(2)
Informal Writing Varies	177	(4)
Quick Writes	177	(2)
Content Journals	179	(2)
Try It Out	181	(1)
Writing Instruction Planning Involves Decisions	181	(5)
Deciding What Students Are to Think About	182	(1)
Designing a Writing Task	182	(4)
Try It Out	186	(4)
Designing a Scoring Guide	186	(2)
Building Background Knowledge	188	(1)
Helping Students Plan	189	(1)
Writing Instruction Occurs in a Cycle	190	(1)
Before Writing	190	(1)
During Writing	191	(1)
After Writing	191	(1)
Listen, Look, and Learn	191	(1)
Writing Instruction Varies	192	(6)
Before Writing	192	(1)
During Writing	193	(3)
After Writing	196	(2)
Try It Out	198	(1)
Writing Independence Can Be Taught	198	(2)
Do It Together	200	(1)
Specific Content Area Applications	201	(1)
Writing in English/Language Arts Classrooms	201	(2)
Quick Writes	201	(1)
Journals	201	(1)
Designing Tasks for Lessons	202	(1)
Supporting Writing	203	(1)
Writing in Second-Language Classrooms	203	(2)
Connections	203	(1)
Collaboration	204	(1)
Writing in Mathematics Classrooms	205	(1)
Quick Writes	205	(1)
Journals	205	(1)
Word Problems	206	(1)
Writing in Science Classrooms	206	(4)
Quick Writes	207	(1)
Journals	207	(2)
Lab Reports	209	(1)
Writing in Social Studies Classrooms	210	(2)
Quick Writes	210	(1)
Journals	210	(1)
Oral History Projects	211	(1)
Writing Your School's History	212	(1)
Writing in Activity Classrooms	212	(2)
Quick Writes	213	(1)
Journals	213	(1)
Interviewing Real People about On-the Job Writing	213	(1)
Writing Directions in Plain English	214	(1)
Looking Back	214	(1)
Add to Your Journal	215	(1)
Additional Readings	215	(2)
Studying	217	(36)
Looking Ahead	217	(1)
Studying Is Complex	218	(1)
The Ability to Study Includes Several Major Components	219	(9)
Study Strategies	219	(4)
Systems	223	(2)
Resource Management	225	(1)
Self-Regulation	226	(2)
Listen, Look, and Learn	228	(1)
There Are Important Principles of Instruction in How to Study	228	(1)
Try It Out	229	(4)
Combine Study Strategy Instruction with Content Teaching	230	(1)
Follow an Apprenticeship Model	230	(1)
Fading and Self-Assessment	231	(2)
Try It Out	233	(4)
Scaffolding	233	(4)
Teaching All Students How to Study Requires a Team Approach across Content Areas and Grades	237	(1)
Specific Content Area Applications	238	(1)
Studying in English/Language Arts Classrooms	238	(1)
Studying in Second-Language Classrooms	239	(2)
Sexual-Language Instructional Settings	239	(1)
Word-Learning Strategies	240	(1)
Studying in Mathematics Classrooms	241	(3)
Study Cards	242	(1)
Self-Regulation	243	(1)
Studying in Science Classrooms	244	(2)
Graphic Organizers	244	(1)
Mnemonic Devices	245	(1)
Studying in Social Studies Classrooms	246	(3)
Graphic Organizers	246	(1)
Discussing	247	(1)
Two-Column Notes	248	(1)
Studying in Activity Classrooms	249	(2)
Study Cards	249	(1)
Writing Summaries of Procedures	250	(1)
Images and Rhymes	251	(1)
Looking Back	251	(1)
Add to Your Journal	251	(1)
Additional Readings	252	(1)
Student Inquiry	253	(28)
Looking Ahead	253	(1)
Inquiry Is a Special Feature of Instruction	254	(1)
Do It Together	255	(1)
Asking Engaging Researchable Questions Is Essential to Inquiry	255	(5)
WH Poster Questions	256	(2)
Question Box	258	(1)
Question Stems	259	(1)
Assessing Questions	259	(1)
Locating Sources and Information Within Sources Is Essential to Inquiry	260	(2)
Key Words	260	(1)
Online Resources	261	(1)
Interviews	262	(1)
Try It Out	262	(1)
Organizing Information Is Essential to Inquiry	263	(8)
Producing Notes	264	(1)
Categorizing Information	264	(3)
Citing Information	267	(1)
Maintaining and Clarifying the Focus of Research	268	(3)
Try It Out	271	(1)
Students Represent What They Learned in a Variety of Ways	271	(4)
Written Sharing	272	(1)
Oral Sharing	273	(1)
Visual Displays	274	(1)
Multigenre Representations	274	(1)
Listen, Look, and Learn	275	(1)
Independent Inquiry Can Be Taught	275	(2)
Avoiding Plagiarism	276	(1)
Assessment	277	(1)
Journal Writing	277	(1)
Looking Back	277	(1)
Add to Your Journal	278	(1)
Additional Readings	278	(3)
PART II...In the Content Areas: K-12	281	(94)
Primary Level	283	(24)
Intermediate Level	307	(24)
Middle-School Level	331	(21)
High-School Level	352	(23)
References	375	(15)
Author Index	390	(4)
Subject Index	394