Differential Diagnosis in Physical Therapy

by Goodman & Snyder

• ISBN13: 9780721681849
• ISBN10: 0721681840
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-12-27
• Publisher: Saunders

Summary

The New Edition of this guide identifies conditions that may require more than physical therapy. Guidelines on determining when a patient should be referred elsewhere for further medical care are included. It providesi nformation needed to identify systemic conditions that may resemble musculoskeletal pathology. New to this edition are Guidelines for Physician Referral, practice questions and additional case examples.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Differential Screening in Physical Therapy	1	(36)
Case Example A	1	(1)
Case Example B	2	(1)
Case Example C	3	(1)
Physical Therapy Diagnosis	4	(1)
Historical Perspective	4	(1)
Case Example D	5	(4)
Diagnosis	6	(1)
Classification System	6	(1)
Scope of Practice	6	(2)
Direct Access	8	(1)
Decision-Making Process	9	(19)
Client History (Diagnostic Interviewing)	9	(2)
Pain Patterns/Pain Types	11	(12)
Associated Signs and Symptoms of Systemic Diseases	23	(2)
Systems Review	25	(3)
Physician Referral	28	(5)
Key Points to Remember	33	(1)
Practice Questions	34	(3)
Introduction to the Interviewing Process	37	(51)
Interviewing Techniques	38	(1)
Open-Ended and Closed-Ended Questions	38	(1)
Follow-up Questions	39	(1)
Paraphrasing Technique	39	(1)
Interviewing Tools	39	(1)
Subjective Examination	40	(37)
Family/Personal History	40	(17)
Core Interview	57	(20)
Hospital Inpatient Information	77	(4)
Medical Chart	77	(1)
Nursing Assessment	78	(3)
Physician Referral	81	(1)
Key Points to Remember	82	(3)
Practice Questions	85	(3)
Overview of Cardiovascular Signs and Symptoms	88	(57)
Signs and Symptoms of Cardiovascular Disease	88	(5)
Chest Pain or Discomfort	90	(1)
Palpitation	90	(1)
Dyspnea	90	(1)
Cardiac Syncope	91	(1)
Fatigue	92	(1)
Cough	92	(1)
Cyanosis	92	(1)
Edema	92	(1)
Claudication	93	(1)
Vital Signs	93	(1)
Cardiac Pathophysiology	93	(25)
Diseases Affecting the Heart Muscle	93	(15)
Diseases Affecting the Heart Valves	108	(8)
Defects of the Cardiac Nervous System	116	(2)
Cardiovascular Disorders	118	(12)
Peripheral Vascular Disorders	118	(12)
Laboratory Values	130	(1)
Serum Electrolytes	130	(1)
Effects of Cardiovascular Medications	131	(4)
Physician Referral	135	(2)
When to Refer a Client to the Physician	135	(1)
Immediate Medical Attention	135	(1)
Systemic Signs and Symptoms Requiring Physician Referral	136	(1)
Key Points to Remember	137	(5)
Practice Questions	142	(3)
Overview of Pulmonary Signs and Symptoms	145	(36)
Pulmonary Pain Patterns	145	(2)
Pulmonary Physiology	147	(2)
Acid-Base Regulation	148	(1)
Pulmonary Pathophysiology	149	(12)
Respiratory Acidosis	149	(1)
Respiratory Alkalosis	150	(1)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	150	(4)
Inflammatory/Infectious Disease	154	(7)
Neoplastic Disease	161	(3)
Lung Cancer (Bronchogenic Carcinoma)	161	(3)
Genetic Disease of the Lung	164	(1)
Cystic Fibrosis	164	(1)
Occupational Lung Diseases	165	(1)
Pleuropulmonary Disorders	165	(7)
Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis	165	(2)
Cor Pulmonale	167	(1)
Pleurisy	167	(1)
Pneumothorax	168	(4)
Physician Referral	172	(2)
Systemic Signs and Symptoms Requiring Physician Referral	173	(1)
Key Points to Remember	174	(5)
Practice Questions	179	(2)
Overview of Hematologic Signs and Symptoms	181	(16)
Classification of Blood Disorders	181	(10)
Erythrocyte Disorders	181	(4)
Leukocyte Disorders	185	(3)
Platelet Disorders	188	(1)
Coagulation Disorders	189	(2)
Physician Referral	191	(2)
Systemic Signs and Symptoms Requiring Physician Referral	191	(2)
Key Points to Remember	193	(2)
Practice Questions	195	(2)
Overview of Gastrointestinal Signs and Symptoms	197	(37)
Gastrointestinal Organ Symptoms	199	(9)
Abdominal Pain	199	(2)
Dysphagia	201	(1)
Odynophagia	201	(1)
Melena	201	(1)
Epigastric Pain with Radiation	202	(1)
Symptoms Affected by Food	202	(1)
Early Satiety	202	(1)
Constipation	202	(1)
Diarrhea	203	(1)
Fecal Incontinence	204	(1)
Arthralgia	204	(1)
Pain in the Left Shoulder	205	(1)
Psoas Abscess	205	(3)
Gastrointestinal Disorders	208	(15)
Peptic Ulcer	208	(2)
Gastrointestinal Complications of NSAIDs	210	(1)
Diverticular Disease	210	(1)
Appendicitis	211	(1)
Pancreatitis	212	(2)
Pancreatic Carcinoma	214	(1)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease	214	(1)
Crohn's Disease	215	(1)
Ulcerative Colitis	215	(1)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome	216	(1)
Colorectal Cancer	217	(6)
Physician Referral	223	(2)
Systemic Signs and Symptoms Requiring Physician Referral	225	(1)
Key Points to Remember	225	(6)
Practice Questions	231	(3)
Overview of Renal and Urologic Signs and Symptoms	234	(26)
Urinary Tract	235	(1)
Renal and Urologic Pain	236	(5)
Upper Urinary Tract (Renal/Ureteral)	236	(3)
Lower Urinary Tract (Bladder/Urethra)	239	(2)
Renal and Urinary Tract Problems	241	(11)
Inflammatory/Infectious Disorders	241	(2)
Obstructive Disorders	243	(4)
Mechanical (Neuromuscular) Disorders	247	(1)
Renal Failure	248	(4)
Diagnostic Testing	252	(1)
Physician Referral	252	(3)
Systemic Signs and Symptoms Requiring Physician Referral	253	(2)
Key Points to Remember	255	(3)
Practice Questions	258	(2)
Overview of Hepatic and Biliary Signs and Symptoms	260	(27)
Hepatic and Biliary Symptoms	260	(4)
Skin Changes	260	(1)
Musculoskeletal pain	261	(2)
Neurologic Symptoms	263	(1)
Hepatic and Biliary Pathophysiology	264	(16)
Liver Diseases	264	(9)
Gallbladder and Duct Diseases	273	(7)
Physician Referral	280	(1)
Systemic Signs and Symptoms Requiring Physician Referral	281	(1)
Key Points to Remember	281	(4)
Practice Questions	285	(2)
Overview of Endocrine and Metabolic Signs and Symptoms	287	(47)
Associated Neuromusculoskeletal Signs and Symptoms	288	(3)
Muscle Weakness, Myalgia, and Fatigue	289	(1)
Bilateral Carpal Tunnel Syndrome	289	(1)
Periarthritis and Calcific Tendinitis	289	(1)
Chondrocalcinosis	290	(1)
Spondyloarthropathy and Osteoarthritis	290	(1)
Hand Stiffness and Hand Pain	291	(1)
Endocrine Pathophysiology	291	(21)
Pituitary Gland	291	(1)
Adrenal Glands	292	(4)
Thyroid Gland	296	(6)
Parathyroid Glands	302	(4)
Pancreas	306	(6)
Introduction to Metabolism	312	(4)
Fluid Imbalances	313	(3)
Metabolic Disorders	316	(9)
Metabolic Alkalosis	316	(1)
Metabolic Acidosis	316	(1)
Gout	317	(2)
Hemochromatosis	319	(1)
Metabolic Bone Disease	320	(5)
Physician Referral	325	(2)
Systemic Signs and Symptoms Requiring Physician Referral	325	(2)
Key Points to Remember	327	(4)
Practice Questions	331	(3)
Overview of Oncologic Signs and Symptoms	334	(56)
Metastases	336	(1)
Clinical Manifestations of Malignancy	337	(5)
Early Warning Signs	338	(1)
Skeletal Manifestations	338	(1)
Neurologic Manifestations	339	(2)
Pulmonary Manifestations	341	(1)
Hepatic Manifestations	342	(1)
Oncologic Pain	342	(3)
Signs and Symptoms Associated with Levels of Pain	343	(1)
Biologic Mechanisms	344	(1)
Side Effects of Cancer Treatment	345	(1)
Skin and Breast Cancers	346	(6)
Skin Cancer	346	(3)
Breast Cancer	349	(3)
Gynecologic Cancers	352	(3)
Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer	352	(2)
Ovarian Cancer	354	(1)
Cervical Cancer	354	(1)
Cancers of the Blood and Lymph System	355	(8)
Leukemia	355	(3)
Multiple Myeloma	358	(2)
Hodgkin's Disease	360	(1)
Non-Hodgkins's Lymphoma	361	(1)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome---Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (AIDS-NHL)	362	(1)
Sarcoma	363	(6)
Soft Tissue Tumors	363	(2)
Bone Tumors	365	(4)
Primary Central Nervous System Tumors	369	(10)
Brain Tumors	369	(2)
Spinal Cord Tumors	371	(8)
Physician Referral	379	(2)
Systemic Signs and Symptoms Requiring Physician Referral	380	(1)
Key Points to Remember	381	(6)
Practice Questions	387	(3)
Overview of Immunologic Signs and Symptoms	390	(44)
Signs and Symptoms of Immune System Dysfunction	390	(2)
Immune System Pathophysiology	392	(32)
Immunodeficiency Disorders	393	(5)
Hypersensitivity Disorders	398	(2)
Neurologic Disorders	400	(4)
Autoimmune Disorders	404	(20)
Physician Referral	424	(2)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms Requiring Physician Referral	425	(1)
Key Points to Remember	426	(5)
Practice Questions	431	(3)
Systemic Origins of Musculoskeletal Pain	434	(72)
Decision-Making Process	434	(1)
Client History	435	(1)
Pain Patterns/Pain Types	435	(1)
Associated Signs and Symptoms	435	(1)
Systems Review	435	(1)
Back Pain	435	(18)
Effect of Position	435	(1)
Night Pain	436	(1)
Age	436	(1)
Associated Signs and Symptoms	436	(1)
Classification: Sources of Back Pain	436	(10)
Classification: Location of Back Pain	446	(7)
Hip Pain	453	(8)
Cancer	456	(1)
Cardiovascular Conditions	457	(1)
Urologic Conditions	457	(1)
Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases	457	(2)
Other Conditions	459	(2)
Pelvic Pain	461	(6)
Types of Pelvic Pain	461	(1)
Causes of Pelvic Pain	461	(6)
Groin Pain	467	(2)
Musculoskeletal Causes	468	(1)
Systemic Causes	469	(1)
Chest Pain	469	(16)
Parietal Pain	470	(1)
Systemic Causes of Chest Pain	470	(5)
Musculoskeletal Causes	475	(6)
Neurologic Causes	481	(4)
Shoulder Pain	485	(7)
Pulmonary Diseases and Shoulder Pain	486	(1)
Cardiac Diseases and Shoulder Pain	487	(1)
Hepatic and Biliary Diseases and Shoulder Pain	488	(1)
Rheumatic Diseases and Shoulder Pain	489	(1)
Cancer	489	(3)
Physician Referral	492	(1)
Systemic Signs and Symptoms Requiring Physician Referral	492	(1)
Key Points to Remember	493	(1)
Summary	494	(12)
Practice Questions	506