Diseases of the Human Body

by Tamparo, Carol D.; Lewis, Marcia A.

• ISBN13: 9780803605640
• ISBN10: 0803605641
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-04-01
• Publisher: F a Davis Co

Summary

The New Edition of this classic text continues to offer your students an excellent resource for learning common medical conditions. To help your students locate specific information on more than 350 diseases, each condition is presented in an easy to follow format and includes description, etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic procedures, treatment, prognosis, and prevention.

Table of Contents

Preface	v
Acknowledgments	vii
The Disease Process	1	(22)
Predisposing Factors	3	(1)
Hereditary Diseases	3	(1)
Classification of Hereditary Diseases	4	(2)
Inflammation and Infections	6	(3)
Trauma	9	(2)
Head Trauma	10	(1)
Trauma to the Chest	11	(1)
Abdominopelvic Trauma	11	(1)
Trauma to the Neck and Spine	11	(1)
Trauma to the Extremities	11	(1)
Effects of Physical and Chemical Agents	11	(2)
Extreme Heat and Cold	11	(1)
lonizing Radiation	12	(1)
Extreme Atmospheric Pressure	12	(1)
Electric Shock	12	(1)
Poisoning	12	(1)
Near-Drowning	12	(1)
Bites of Insects, Spiders, and Snakes	13	(1)
Asphyxiation	13	(1)
Burns	13	(1)
Neoplasia and Cancer	13	(2)
Immune-Related Factors in Disease	15	(2)
The Immune Response	15	(1)
Allergy	15	(1)
Autoimmune Disease	16	(1)
Immunodeficiency	17	(1)
Mental and Emotional Factors in Disease	17	(1)
Nutritional Imbalance	18	(1)
Starvation	18	(1)
Malnourishment	18	(1)
Obesity	18	(1)
Vitamin Deficiencies and Excesses	18	(1)
Mineral Deficiencies and Excesses	18	(1)
Idiopathic and latrogenic Diseases	19	(1)
Summary	19	(1)
References	19	(1)
Bibliography	19	(1)
Review Questions	19	(4)
Infectious Diseases	23	(20)
Infectious and Communicable Diseases	24	(9)
Common Cold	26	(3)
Influenza	29	(1)
Alternative Medicine	29	(1)
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome	29	(1)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)	30	(2)
Lyme Disease	32	(1)
Escherichia Coli 0157:H7	32	(1)
Communicable Diseases of Childhood and Adolescence	33	(7)
Measles (Rubeola)	34	(1)
Rubella (German Measles)	34	(3)
Mumps	37	(1)
Varicella (Chickenpox)	37	(1)
Diphtheria	38	(1)
Pertussis (Whooping Cough)	39	(1)
Tetanus (Lockjaw)	39	(1)
Summary	40	(1)
References	40	(1)
Bibliography	40	(1)
Review Questions	41	(2)
Neoplasms	43	(12)
Cancer Risk Factors and Preventive Measures	46	(1)
Classification of Neoplasms	47	(1)
Grading and Staging of Neoplasms	48	(1)
Etiology of Neoplasms	48	(1)
Diagnosis of Neoplasms	49	(1)
Treatment of Neoplasms	49	(3)
Surgery	49	(1)
Radiation Therapy	50	(1)
Chemotherapy	50	(1)
Immunotherapy (Biotherapy)	51	(1)
Hormonal Therapy	51	(1)
Alternative Medicine	51	(1)
Summary	52	(1)
References	52	(1)
Bibliography	52	(1)
Review Questions	52	(3)
Congenital Diseases	55	(16)
Nervous System Diseases	57	(2)
Cerebral Palsy	57	(1)
Neural Tube Defects: Spina Bifida, Meningocele, Myelomeningocele	57	(1)
Hydrocephalus	58	(1)
Digestive System Diseases	59	(1)
Pyloric Stenosis	59	(1)
Hirschsprung's Disease (Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon)	59	(1)
Cardiovascular Diseases	60	(4)
Erythroblastosis Fetalis (Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn)	60	(1)
Congenital Heart Defects	61	(3)
Genitourinary Diseases	64	(1)
Undescended Testes (Cryptorchidism)	64	(1)
Congenital Defects of the Ureter, Bladder, and Urethra	64	(1)
Musculoskeletal Diseases	65	(1)
Clubfoot (Talipes)	65	(1)
Congenital Hip Dysplasia	65	(1)
Metabolic Factors	66	(1)
Crystic Fibrosis	66	(1)
Phenylketonuria (PKU)	67	(1)
Bibliography	67	(1)
Review Questions	67	(4)
Urinary System Diseases	71	(22)
Kidney Diseases	73	(10)
Polycystic Kidney Disease	73	(5)
Pyelonephritis (Acute)	78	(1)
Glomerulonephritis (Acute)	79	(1)
Nephrotic Syndrome	79	(1)
Chronic Renal Failure (Uremia)	80	(1)
Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)	81	(1)
Renal Calculi (Uroliths or Kidney Stones)	81	(2)
Hydronephrosis	83	(1)
Lower Urinary Tract Diseases	83	(2)
Cystitis and Urethritis	83	(1)
Neurogenic Bladder	84	(1)
Tumors of the Urinary System	85	(1)
Adenocarcinoma of the Kidney (Hypernephroma)	85	(1)
Tumors of the Bladder	85	(1)
Special Focus: Treatment of Renal Failure	86	(2)
Dialysis	86	(2)
Kidney Transplantation	88	(1)
Common Symptoms of Urinary System Diseases	88	(1)
References	88	(1)
Bibliography	88	(1)
Case Studies	89	(1)
Review Questions	89	(4)
Reproductive System Diseases	93	(34)
Sexual Dysfunction	96	(3)
Dyspareunia (Painful Intercourse)	96	(1)
Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence)	96	(1)
Arousal and Orgasmic Dysfunction in Women	97	(1)
Premature Ejaculation	97	(1)
Male and Female Infertility	98	(1)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)	99	(5)
Gonorrhea	99	(1)
Genital Herpes	99	(2)
Genital Warts	101	(1)
Syphilis	101	(2)
Trichomoniasis	103	(1)
Chlamydial Infections	104	(1)
Common Symptoms of STDs	104	(1)
Male Reproductive Diseases	104	(5)
Prostatitis	104	(1)
Epididymitis	105	(1)
Orchitis	106	(1)
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)	107	(1)
Prostatic Cancer	107	(1)
Testicular Cancer	108	(1)
Common Symptoms of Male Reproductive Diseases	108	(1)
Female Reproductive Diseases	109	(6)
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)	109	(2)
Amenorrhea	111	(1)
Dysmenorrhea	111	(1)
Ovarian Cysts and Tumors	111	(1)
Endometriosis	112	(1)
Uterine Leiomyomas	113	(1)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)	113	(1)
Menopause	114	(1)
Abnormal Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Bleeding	114	(1)
Common Symptoms of Female Reproductive System Diseases	114	(1)
Diseases of the Breasts	115	(2)
Mammary Dysplasia or Fibrocystic Disease	115	(1)
Benign Fibroadenoma	116	(1)
Carcinoma of the Breast	116	(1)
Special Focus: Breast Reconstruction	117	(1)
Disorders of Pregnancy and Delivery	118	(4)
Spontaneous Abortion	118	(1)
Ectopic Pregnancy	118	(1)
Toxemias of Pregnancy (Preclampsia and Eclampsia)	118	(2)
Placenta Previa	120	(1)
Abruptio Placentae	121	(1)
Premature Labor/Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM)	121	(1)
Common Symptoms and Disorders of Pregnancy and Delivery	122	(1)
Special Focus: Cesarean Birth	122	(1)
References	122	(1)
Bibliography	122	(1)
Case Studies	123	(1)
Review Questions	123	(4)
Digestive System Diseases	127	(30)
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract	129	(5)
Stomatitis	129	(1)
Gastritis	129	(1)
Gastroenteritis	130	(1)
Gastric Ulcer (Peptic Ulcer of the Stomach)	131	(1)
Hiatal Hernia	132	(2)
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract	134	(8)
Malabsorption Syndrome	134	(1)
Celiac Sprue (Gluten-Induced Enteropathy)	134	(1)
Duodenal Ulcer (Peptic Ulcer of the Duodenum)	135	(1)
Acute Appendicitis	135	(1)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)	136	(1)
Crohn's Disease (Regional Enteritis, Granulomatous Colitis)	137	(1)
Ulcerative Colitis	137	(1)
Diverticulitis	138	(1)
Hemorrhoids	139	(1)
Abdominal Hernias	140	(1)
Colorectal Cancer	141	(1)
Diarrhea	142	(1)
Accessory Organs of Digestion: Pancreas, Gallbladder, and Liver	142	(7)
Acute Pancreatitis	142	(1)
Chronic Pancreatitis	143	(1)
Pancreatic Cancer	144	(1)
Cholelithiasis	144	(2)
Acute Cholecystitis	146	(1)
Cirrhosis	147	(1)
Acute Viral Hepatitis	147	(2)
Special Focus: Eating Disorders	149	(1)
Anorexia Nervosa	149	(1)
Bulimia	149	(1)
Special Focus: Digestive Diseases Common in Children	150	(2)
Infantile Colic	150	(1)
Diarrhea	151	(1)
Vomiting	151	(1)
Food Allergies	151	(1)
Helminths (Worms)	151	(1)
Common Symptoms of Digestive System Diseases	152	(1)
Alternative Medicine	152	(1)
References	152	(1)
Bibliography	152	(1)
Case Studies	153	(1)
Review Questions	153	(4)
Respiratory System Diseases	157	(26)
Epistaxis (Nosebleed)	160	(1)
Sinusitis	160	(1)
Acute and Chronic Pharyngitis	160	(1)
Acute and Chronic Laryngitis	161	(1)
Infectious Mononucleosis	161	(1)
Pneumonia	162	(2)
Legionella Infections (Legionnaires' Disease)	164	(1)
Lung Abscess	164	(1)
Pneumothorax	165	(1)
Pleurisy (Pleuritis)	166	(1)
Pleural Effusion	166	(1)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)	167	(1)
Chronic Bronchitis	167	(1)
Chronic Pulmonary Emphysema	168	(1)
Asthma	168	(1)
Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB)	169	(2)
Pneumoconiosis	171	(1)
Silicosis	171	(1)
Asbestosis	171	(1)
Berylliosis	171	(1)
Anthracosis	172	(1)
Respiratory Mycoses	172	(1)
Pulmonary Edema	173	(1)
Cor Pulmonale	173	(1)
Pulmonary Embolism	174	(1)
Respiratory Acidosis (Hypercapnia)	175	(1)
Respiratory Alkalosis (Hypocapnia)	175	(1)
Atelectasis	175	(1)
Bronchiectasis	176	(1)
Lung Cancer	176	(1)
Special Focus: Respiratory Diseases of Childhood	177	(2)
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)	177	(1)
Acute Tonsillitis	177	(1)
Adenoid Hyperplasia	178	(1)
Croup	178	(1)
Acute Epiglottitis	178	(1)
Common Symptoms of Lung Diseases	179	(1)
References	179	(1)
Bibliography	179	(1)
Case Studies	180	(1)
Review Questions	180	(3)
Circulatory System Diseases	183	(36)
Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease	185	(2)
Carditis	187	(3)
Pericarditis	187	(1)
Myocarditis	188	(1)
Endocarditis	189	(1)
Valvular Heart Disease	190	(3)
Mitral Insufficiency/Stenosis	190	(1)
Tricuspid Insufficiency/Stenosis	191	(1)
Pulmonic Insufficiency/Stenosis	192	(1)
Aortic Insufficiency/Stenosis	192	(1)
Hypertensive Heart Disease	193	(1)
Essential Hypertension	193	(1)
Coronary Diseases	194	(4)
Coronary Artery Disease	194	(1)
Angina Pectoris	195	(1)
Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)	195	(2)
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)	197	(1)
Cardiac Arrest	198	(1)
Special Focus: Cardiac Advances	198	(1)
Blood Vessel Diseases	199	(3)
Aneurysms: Abdominal, Thoracic, and Peripheral Arteries	199	(1)
Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis	200	(1)
Thrombophlebitis	201	(1)
Varicose Veins	202	(1)
Anemias and Other Red Blood Cell Disorders	202	(5)
Iron Deficiency Anemia	203	(1)
Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia	204	(1)
Pernicious Anemia	205	(1)
Aplastic Anemia	205	(1)
Sickle Cell Anemia	206	(1)
Polycythemia Vera	206	(1)
Leukemias	207	(2)
Acute Myeloblastic (Myelogenous) Leukemia (AML)	207	(1)
Acute Lymphoblastic (Lymphocytic) Leukemia (ALL)	208	(1)
Acute Monoblastic (Monocytic) Leukemia	208	(1)
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia (CML)	208	(1)
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)	209	(1)
Lymphatic Diseases	209	(3)
Lymphedema	209	(2)
Hodgkin's Disease	211	(1)
Lymphosarcoma	211	(1)
Special Focus: Bone Marrow Transplantation	212	(1)
Special Focus: Circulatory Disease of Childhood	212	(1)
Reye's Syndrome	212	(1)
Common Symptoms of Circulatory System Diseases	213	(1)
Alternative Medicine	213	(1)
Bibliography	213	(1)
Case Studies	214	(1)
Review Questions	214	(5)
Nervous System Diseases	219	(24)
Headaches	221	(4)
Acute and Chronic Headache	221	(3)
Migraine Headache	224	(1)
Alternative Medicine	225	(1)
Head Trauma	225	(3)
Epidural and Subdural Hematoma (Acute)	225	(2)
Cerebral Concussion	227	(1)
Cerebral Contusion	227	(1)
Paralysis	228	(2)
Hemiplegia	228	(1)
Spinal Cord Injuries: Paraplegia and Quadriplegia	228	(2)
Infections of the Central Nervous System	230	(3)
Acute Bacterial Meningitis	230	(1)
Encephalitis	231	(1)
Brain Abscess	232	(1)
Peripheral Nerve Diseases	233	(1)
Peripheral Neuritis	233	(1)
Bell's Palsy	234	(1)
Cerebral Diseases/Disorders	234	(2)
Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)	234	(1)
Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs)	235	(1)
Epilepsy	235	(1)
Degenerative Diseases	236	(3)
Alzheimer's Disease	236	(1)
Parkinson's Disease	237	(1)
Multiple Sclerosis	237	(1)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)	238	(1)
Cancer	239	(1)
Tumors of the Brain	239	(1)
Common Symptoms of Nervous System Diseases	239	(1)
Bibliography	239	(1)
Case Studies	240	(1)
Review Questions	240	(3)
Endocrine System Diseases	243	(18)
Pituitary Gland Diseases	247	(3)
Hyperpituitarism (Gigantism, Acromegaly)	247	(1)
Hypopituitarism	248	(1)
Diabetes Insipidus	249	(1)
Thyroid Gland Diseases	250	(4)
Simple Goiter	250	(1)
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis	251	(1)
Hyperthyroidism (Graves' Disease)	251	(2)
Hypothyroidism (Cretinism, Myxedema)	253	(1)
Parathyroid Gland Diseases	254	(1)
Hyperparathyroidism (Hypercalcemia)	254	(1)
Hypoparathyroidism (Hypocalcemia)	254	(1)
Adrenal Gland Disease	255	(1)
Cushing's Syndrome	255	(1)
Endocrine Dysfunction of the Pancreas	256	(2)
Diabetes Mellitus	256	(2)
Common Symptoms of Endocrine System Diseases	258	(1)
Bibliography	258	(1)
Case Studies	258	(1)
Review Questions	259	(2)
Musculoskeletal Diseases	261	(22)
Bones	262	(10)
Deformities of the Spine: Lordosis, Kyphosis, Scoliosis	262	(4)
Herniated Intervertebral Disk	266	(1)
Osteoporosis	267	(1)
Osteomalacia	268	(1)
Osteomyelitis	269	(1)
Paget's Disease (Osteitis Deformans)	270	(1)
Fractures	270	(2)
Joints	272	(3)
Osteoarthritis	272	(1)
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)	272	(2)
Gout	274	(1)
Alternative Medicine	274	(1)
Muscles and Connective Tissue	275	(4)
Sprains and Strains	275	(1)
Bursitis	275	(1)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome	275	(1)
Alternative Medicine	276	(1)
Tendonitis	276	(1)
Myasthenia Gravis	276	(1)
Polymyositis	277	(1)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)	278	(1)
Neoplasms	279	(1)
Special Focus: Childhood Disease of the Musculoskeletal System	279	(1)
Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy	279	(1)
Common Symptoms of Musculoskeletal Diseases	280	(1)
Bibliography	280	(1)
Case Studies	280	(1)
Review Questions	280	(3)
Skin Diseases	283	(26)
Psoriasis	287	(1)
Urticaria (Hives)	287	(1)
Acne Vulgaris	288	(1)
Alopecia	289	(2)
Impetigo	291	(1)
Furuncles and Carbuncles	291	(1)
Pediculosis	292	(1)
Decubitus Ulcers	293	(1)
Dermatophytoses	293	(3)
Corns and Calluses	296	(1)
Warts	296	(1)
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus	297	(1)
Scleroderma	298	(1)
Dermatitis	298	(3)
Seborrheic Dermatitis	298	(1)
Contact Dermatitis	299	(1)
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)	299	(2)
Herpes-Related Skin Lesions	301	(2)
Cold Sores and Fever Blisters	301	(1)
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)	302	(1)
Cancer	303	(1)
Skin Carcinomas	303	(1)
Malignant Melanoma	303	(1)
Special Focus: Childhood Diseases of the Skin	304	(2)
Atopic Dermatitis	304	(1)
Diaper Rash	304	(1)
Pediculosis	305	(1)
Dermatophytosis	305	(1)
Common Symptoms of Skin Diseases	306	(1)
Bibliography	306	(1)
Case Studies	307	(1)
Review Questions	307	(2)
Eye and Ear Diseases	309	(18)
Eye Diseases	311	(6)
Refractive Errors	311	(2)
Nystagmus	313	(1)
Stye (Hordeolum)	313	(1)
Corneal Abrasion	314	(1)
Cataract	314	(1)
Glaucoma	315	(1)
Retinal Detachment	315	(1)
Macular Degeneration	316	(1)
Eye Inflammations	317	(1)
Conjunctivitis	317	(1)
Uveitis	317	(1)
Blepharitis	317	(1)
Keratitis	318	(1)
Special Focus: Childhood Disease of the Eye	318	(1)
Strabismus	318	(1)
Common Symptoms of Eye Diseases	319	(1)
Ear Diseases	319	(4)
Impacted Cerumen	319	(1)
External Otitis (Swimmer's Ear)	319	(2)
Otitis Media	321	(1)
Otosclerosis	322	(1)
Motion Sickness	322	(1)
Meniere's Disease	322	(1)
Special Focus: Childhood Diseases of the Ear	323	(1)
Deafness	323	(1)
Otitis Media	323	(1)
Common Symptoms of Ear Diseases	323	(1)
Bibliography	323	(1)
Case Studies	324	(1)
Review Questions	324	(3)
Pain and Its Management	327	(10)
What Is Pain?	328	(2)
Definition of Pain	328	(1)
Purpose of Pain	329	(1)
Pathophysiology of Pain	329	(1)
Assessment of Pain	330	(1)
Acute, Chronic, and Terminal Pain	330	(1)
Treatment of Pain	331	(3)
Medications	331	(1)
Surgery	331	(1)
Biofeedback	332	(1)
Relaxation	332	(1)
Imagery	332	(1)
Autohypnosis	332	(1)
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)	332	(1)
Massage	332	(1)
Humor, Laughter, and Play	332	(1)
Music	333	(1)
Alternative Medicine	333	(1)
Conclusion	334	(1)
References	334	(1)
Bibliography	334	(1)
Review Questions	334	(3)
The Holistic Approach to Disease	337	(10)
The Mind's Connection with Health and Disease	338	(1)
Holistic Health and Holistic Medicine Defined	338	(1)
Personal Responsibility	339	(1)
The Influence of Lifestyle	339	(2)
Environmental Influences-External and Internal	339	(1)
The Value of Good Nutrition	340	(1)
Stress and Distress	340	(1)
Managing Negative Emotions	341	(1)
Laughter and Play	341	(1)
Love, Friendship, and Faith	342	(1)
References	343	(1)
Bibliography	343	(1)
Review Questions	343	(4)
Glossary	347	(14)
appendix 1 Diagnostic Procedures	361	(8)
appendix 2 Organ Function Tests	369	(6)
appendix 3 Profile or Panel Sample Groupings and Laboratory Tests	375	(6)
appendix 4 Associations Concerned with Diseases of the Human Body	381	(8)
appendix 5 Normal Reference Laboratory Values	389	(14)
Subject Index	403	(20)
Index of Diseases Covered	423