Distributed Systems Principles and Paradigms

by Tanenbaum, Andrew S.; van Steen, Maarten

• ISBN13: 9780132392273
• ISBN10: 0132392275
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-10-02
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Balanced, systematic coverage of principles, advanced concepts, and technologies of distributed systems. In this streamlined, updated edition of Tanenbaum and Van Steen's text, Distributed Systems: Principles and Paradigms, the authors present both the working details of distributed systems and the underlying technologies. Their presentation is clear, concise, and engaging, providing an excellent text for teachers and students alike.

Author Biography

Andrew S. Tanenbaum is currently Professor of Computer science at Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam Maarten Van Steen is currently a professor at the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
Introduction	1	(32)
Definition of a Distributed System	2	(1)
Goals	3	(14)
Making Resources Accessible	3	(1)
Distribution Transparency	4	(3)
Openness	7	(2)
Scalability	9	(7)
Pitfalls	16	(1)
Types of Distributed Systems	17	(13)
Distributed Computing Systems	17	(3)
Distributed Information Systems	20	(4)
Distributed Pervasive Systems	24	(6)
Summary	30	(3)
Architectures	33	(36)
Architectural Styles	34	(2)
System Architectures	36	(18)
Centralized Architectures	36	(7)
Decentralized Architectures	43	(9)
Hybrid Architectures	52	(2)
Architectures Versus Middleware	54	(5)
Interceptors	55	(2)
General Approaches to Adaptive Software	57	(1)
Discussion	58	(1)
Self-Management in Distributed Systems	59	(7)
The Feedback Control Model	60	(1)
Example: Systems Monitoring with Astrolabe	61	(2)
Example: Differentiating Replication Strategies in Globule	63	(2)
Example: Automatic Component Repair Management in Jade	65	(1)
Summary	66	(3)
Processes	69	(46)
Threads	70	(9)
Introduction to Threads	70	(5)
Threads in Distributed Systems	75	(4)
Virtualization	79	(3)
The Role of Virtualization in Distributed Systems	79	(1)
Architectures of Virtual Machines	80	(2)
Clients	82	(6)
Networked User Interfaces	82	(5)
Client-Side Software for Distribution Transparency	87	(1)
Servers	88	(15)
General Design Issues	88	(4)
Server Clusters	92	(6)
Managing Server Clusters	98	(5)
Code Migration	103	(9)
Approaches to Code Migration	103	(4)
Migration and Local Resources	107	(3)
Migration in Heterogeneous Systems	110	(2)
Summary	112	(3)
Communication	115	(64)
Fundamentals	116	(9)
Layered Protocols	116	(8)
Types of Communication	124	(1)
Remote Procedure Call	125	(15)
Basic RPC Operation	126	(4)
Parameter Passing	130	(4)
Asynchronous RPC	134	(1)
Example: DCE RPC	135	(5)
Message-Oriented Communication	140	(17)
Message-Oriented Transient Communication	141	(4)
Message-Oriented Persistent Communication	145	(7)
Example: IBM's WebSphere Message-Queuing System	152	(5)
Stream-Oriented Communication	157	(9)
Support for Continuous Media	158	(2)
Streams and Quality of Service	160	(3)
Stream Synchronization	163	(3)
Multicast Communication	166	(9)
Application-Level Multicasting	166	(4)
Gossip-Based Data Dissemination	170	(5)
Summary	175	(4)
Naming	179	(52)
Names, Identifiers, and Addresses	180	(2)
Flat Naming	182	(13)
Simple Solutions	183	(3)
Home-Based Approaches	186	(2)
Distributed Hash Tables	188	(3)
Hierarchical Approaches	191	(4)
Structured Naming	195	(22)
Name Spaces	195	(3)
Name Resolution	198	(4)
The Implementation of a Name Space	202	(7)
Example: The Domain Name System	209	(8)
Attribute-Based Naming	217	(14)
Directory Services	217	(1)
Hierarchical Implementations: LDAP	218	(4)
Decentralized Implementations	222	(9)
Summary
Synchronization	231	(42)
Clock Synchronization	232	(12)
Physical Clocks	233	(3)
Global Positioning System	236	(2)
Clock Synchronization Algorithms	238	(6)
Logical Clocks	244	(8)
Lamport's Logical Clocks	244	(4)
Vector Clocks	248	(4)
Mutual Exclusion	252	(8)
Overview	252	(1)
A Centralized Algorithm	253	(1)
A Decentralized Algorithm	254	(1)
A Distributed Algorithm	255	(3)
A Token Ring Algorithm	258	(1)
A Comparison of the Four Algorithms	259	(1)
Global Positioning of Nodes	260	(3)
Election Algorithms	263	(7)
Traditional Election Algorithms	264	(3)
Elections in Wireless Environments	267	(2)
Elections in Large-Scale Systems	269	(1)
Summary	270	(3)
Consistency and Replication	273	(48)
Introduction	274	(2)
Reasons for Replication	274	(1)
Replication as Scaling Technique	275	(1)
Data-Centric Consistency Models	276	(12)
Continuous Consistency	277	(4)
Consistent Ordering of Operations	281	(7)
Client-Centric Consistency Models	288	(8)
Eventual Consistency	289	(2)
Monotonic Reads	291	(1)
Monotonic Writes	292	(2)
Read Your Writes	294	(1)
Writes Follow Reads	295	(1)
Replica Management	296	(10)
Replica-Server Placement	296	(2)
Content Replication and Placement	298	(4)
Content Distribution	302	(4)
Consistency Protocols	306	(11)
Continuous Consistency	306	(2)
Primary-Based Protocols	308	(3)
Replicated-Write Protocols	311	(2)
Cache-Coherence Protocols	313	(2)
Implementing Client-Centric Consistency	315	(2)
Summary	317	(4)
Fault Tolerance	321	(56)
Introduction to Fault Tolerance	322	(6)
Basic Concepts	322	(2)
Failure Models	324	(2)
Failure Masking by Redundancy	326	(2)
Process Resilience	328	(8)
Design Issues	328	(2)
Failure Masking and Replication	330	(1)
Agreement in Faulty Systems	331	(4)
Failure Detection	335	(1)
Reliable Client-Server Communication	336	(7)
Point-to-Point Communication	337	(1)
RPC Semantics in the Presence of Failures	337	(6)
Reliable Group Communication	343	(12)
Basic Reliable-Multicasting Schemes	343	(2)
Scalability in Reliable Multicasting	345	(3)
Atomic Multicast	348	(7)
Distributed Commit	355	(8)
Two-Phase Commit	355	(5)
Three-Phase Commit	360	(3)
Recovery	363	(10)
Introduction	363	(3)
Checkpointing	366	(3)
Message Logging	369	(3)
Recovery-Oriented Computing	372	(1)
Summary	373	(4)
Security	377	(66)
Introduction to Security	378	(18)
Security Threats, Policies, and Mechanisms	378	(6)
Design Issues	384	(5)
Cryptography	389	(7)
Secure Channels	396	(17)
Authentication	397	(8)
Message Integrity and Confidentiality	405	(3)
Secure Group Communication	408	(3)
Example: Kerberos	411	(2)
Access Control	413	(15)
General Issues in Access Control	414	(4)
Firewalls	418	(2)
Secure Mobile Code	420	(7)
Denial of Service	427	(1)
Security Management	428	(11)
Key Management	428	(5)
Secure Group Management	433	(1)
Authorization Management	434	(5)
Summary	439	(4)
Distributed Object-Based Systems	443	(48)
Architecture	443	(8)
Distributed Objects	444	(2)
Example: Enterprise Java Beans	446	(2)
Example: Globe Distributed Shared Objects	448	(3)
Processes	451	(5)
Object Servers	451	(3)
Example: The Ice Runtime System	454	(2)
Communication	456	(10)
Binding a Client to an Object	456	(2)
Static versus Dynamic Remote Method Invocations	458	(2)
Parameter Passing	460	(1)
Example: Java RMI	461	(3)
Object-Based Messaging	464	(2)
Naming	466	(4)
Corba Object References	467	(2)
Globe Object References	469	(1)
Synchronization	470	(2)
Consistency and Replication	472	(5)
Entry Consistency	472	(3)
Replicated Invocations	475	(2)
Fault Tolerance	477	(4)
Example: Fault-Tolerant Corba	477	(3)
Example: Fault-Tolerant Java	480	(1)
Security	481	(6)
Example: Globe	482	(4)
Security for Remote Objects	486	(1)
Summary	487	(4)
Distributed File Systems	491	(54)
Architecture	491	(10)
Client-Server Architectures	491	(5)
Cluster-Based Distributed File Systems	496	(3)
Symmetric Architectures	499	(2)
Processes	501	(1)
Communication	502	(4)
RPCs in NFS	502	(1)
The RPC2 Subsystem	503	(2)
File-Oriented Communication in Plan 9	505	(1)
Naming	506	(7)
Naming in NFS	506	(6)
Constructing a Global Name Space	512	(1)
Synchronization	513	(6)
Semantics of File Sharing	513	(3)
File Locking	516	(2)
Sharing Files in Coda	518	(1)
Consistency and Replication	519	(10)
Client-Side Caching	520	(4)
Server-Side Replication	524	(2)
Replication in Peer-to-Peer File Systems	526	(2)
File Replication in Grid Systems	528	(1)
Fault Tolerance	529	(3)
Handling Byzantine Failures	529	(2)
High Availability in Peer-to-Peer Systems	531	(1)
Security	532	(9)
Security in NFS	533	(3)
Decentralized Authentication	536	(3)
Secure Peer-to-Peer File-Sharing Systems	539	(2)
Summary	541	(4)
Distributed Web-Based Systems	545	(44)
Architecture	546	(8)
Traditional Web-Based Systems	546	(5)
Web Services	551	(3)
Processes	554	(6)
Clients	554	(2)
The Apache Web Server	556	(2)
Web Server Clusters	558	(2)
Communication	560	(7)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol	560	(6)
Simple Object Access Protocol	566	(1)
Naming	567	(2)
Synchronization	569	(1)
Consistency and Replication	570	(12)
Web Proxy Caching	571	(2)
Replication for Web Hosting Systems	573	(6)
Replication of Web Applications	579	(3)
Fault Tolerance	582	(2)
Security	584	(1)
Summary	585	(4)
Distributed Coordination-Based Systems	589	(34)
Introduction to Coordination Models	589	(2)
Architectures	591	(10)
Overall Approach	592	(1)
Traditional Architectures	593	(3)
Peer-to-Peer Architectures	596	(3)
Mobility and Coordination	599	(2)
Processes	601	(1)
Communication	601	(3)
Content-Based Routing	601	(2)
Supporting Composite Subscriptions	603	(1)
Naming	604	(3)
Describing Composite Events	604	(2)
Matching Events and Subscriptions	606	(1)
Synchronization	607	(1)
Consistency and Replication	607	(6)
Static Approaches	608	(3)
Dynamic Replication	611	(2)
Fault Tolerance	613	(4)
Reliable Publish-Subscribe Communication	613	(3)
Fault Tolerance in Shared Dataspaces	616	(1)
Security	617	(4)
Confidentiality	618	(2)
Secure Shared Dataspaces	620	(1)
Summary	621	(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading and Bibliography	623	(46)
Suggestions for Further Reading	623	(11)
Introduction and General Works	623	(1)
Architectures	624	(1)
Processes	625	(1)
Communication	626	(1)
Naming	626	(1)
Synchronization	627	(1)
Consistency and Replication	628	(1)
Fault Tolerance	629	(1)
Security	630	(1)
Distributed Object-Based Systems	631	(1)
Distributed File Systems	632	(1)
Distributed Web-Based Systems	632	(1)
Distributed Coordination-Based Systems	633	(1)
Alphabetical Bibliography	634	(35)
Index	669