A Documentary History of Religion in America to 1877

by Gaustad, Edwin S.

• ISBN13: 9780802822291
• ISBN10: 0802822290
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-09-19
• Publisher: Eerdmans Pub Co

Summary

For more than 20 years readers of American religious history have turned to the two-volume Documentary History of Religion in America for the most significant primary sources from the nation's founding to the present. Now, both volumes in this landmark work are available in updated and expanded third editions. Carefully reconsidered by renowned historian of American religion Mark A. Noll, these rich sourcebooks contain original documents--letters, sermons, court records, personal narratives, and more--that chronicle the drama of American religious history. This third edition of Documentary History features updated bibliographical essays for each chapter and a new set of documents bringing the second volume's up to the present. Of special interest are new documents on the Civil War period and others reporting religious developments among women and people of color.

Author Biography

Edwin S. Gaustad is professor emeritus of history and religious studies at the University of California, Riverside. Mark A. Noll is Carolyn and Fred McManis Professor of Christian Thought at Wheaton College in Illinois.

Table of Contents

Preface to the Third Edition	p. xvii
Preface to the Second Edition	p. xviii
Preface to the First Edition	p. xix
Illustrations	p. xxii
Acknowledgments	p. xxiv
The Old World and the New	p. 1
Natural Religion	p. 9
Ceremonies	p. 9
Hopi	p. 9
Zuni	p. 12
Chinook	p. 14
Kwakiutl	p. 15
Myths (things believed)	p. 17
Tsimshian	p. 17
Pima	p. 20
Cherokee	p. 21
Zuni	p. 23
New Spain	p. 24
Ponce de Leon	p. 24
Bartholomew de Las Casas and Sublimis Deus	p. 25
Dominicans in Florida	p. 26
Pedro Menendez de Aviles and the Jesuits	p. 28
Franciscans and Indian Revolt	p. 29
Franciscans in New Mexico	p. 31
New France	p. 34
French Views of Native Americans	p. 34
Advice to those "whom it shall please God to call to New France"	p. 36
Brebeuf's Instructions to Missionaries	p. 38
Martyrdom of Isaac Jogues, S.J.	p. 39
New France Proclaimed	p. 41
New Netherland and New Sweden	p. 43
Jonas Michaelius	p. 43
Johannes Megapolensis and the Mohawks	p. 45
Megapolensis and the Jews	p. 47
Megapolensis and Isaac Jogues	p. 47
John Printz of New Sweden	p. 49
Dutch Surrender	p. 51
England Anew	p. 54
Virginia	p. 54
John Rolfe and Pocahantas	p. 54
Anti-Catholicism	p. 57
Church Establishment	p. 58
Virginia's Cure	p. 59
Massachusetts	p. 63
Reasons for Removal: The Pilgrims	p. 63
Persuading London	p. 65
Reasons for Removal: The Puritans	p. 66
A Modell of Christian Charity	p. 67
Puritan Poets	p. 69
Special Cases: Maryland, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania	p. 72
Maryland and Roman Catholics	p. 72
English America's First Mass	p. 75
Rhode Island and the Baptists	p. 77
Pennsylvania and the Quakers	p. 80
Penn and Liberty of Conscience	p. 81
The English and the Indian	p. 83
Indian Missions in Massachusetts	p. 83
King Philip's War	p. 85
William Penn and the Indians	p. 86
Virginia Indians and the College of William & Mary	p. 87
Suggested Reading	p. 89
Americanizing the Ways of Faith	p. 93
Religion and Social Order	p. 96
Congregationalism (Puritanism)	p. 96
Anne Hutchinson	p. 96
Mary Dyer	p. 98
Witchcraft at Salem: Trial of George Burroughs	p. 99
Witchcraft at Salem: Cotton Mather and Spectral Evidence	p. 102
Proposals of 1705	p. 104
Jonathan Mayhew and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel	p. 106
The Anglican (Episcopal) Church	p. 109
Maryland: Appeal to Bishop of London	p. 109
New York: Against "Jesuits & Popish Priests"	p. 112
New York: Against the Presbyterians	p. 114
North Carolina: Anglicanism "over-toping its power"	p. 116
South Carolina: Huguenot Quarrel	p. 118
Episcopacy Issue: Pennsylvania and New England	p. 120
Religious and Racial Variety	p. 125
Continental Diversity	p. 125
The Palatines	p. 125
The Salzburgers	p. 127
Gottlieb Mittelberger and the Atlantic Crossing	p. 133
Henry Muhlenberg: A Typical Day	p. 136
Jesuit Banishment	p. 137
British Diversity	p. 139
Muhlenberg as Ecumenical Churchman	p. 139
Muhlenberg and the Baptists	p. 141
Muhlenberg and Quaker Pacifism	p. 143
Episcopal Order vs. "congregational" Chaos	p. 144
Backcountry Baptists	p. 146
African and Indian Diversity	p. 149
Puritan Antislavery	p. 149
Episcopal Frustration	p. 151
Quaker Abolitionism	p. 153
Indian Captivity Narrative	p. 155
Quaker Testimony on the Indian	p. 158
Passions and Intellect	p. 160
Revivalism	p. 160
George Whitefield, Awakener	p. 160
Coming to Hear Whitefield	p. 163
Timothy Cutler, Opposer	p. 165
Gilbert Tennent's Warning to Ministers	p. 169
David Brainerd's Diary	p. 171
Letters of Esther Edwards Burr	p. 174
Colonial Colleges: "Nurseries of Piety"	p. 176
Harvard	p. 176
William & Mary	p. 177
Yale	p. 179
Dartmouth	p. 181
Jonathan Edwards	p. 183
Suggested Reading	p. 190
Revolution: Political and Ecclesiastical	p. 195
Religion and Revolution	p. 200
Pacifism	p. 200
Moravians	p. 200
Mennonites	p. 203
Pacifism in Virginia	p. 205
Schwenkfelders	p. 206
Loyalism	p. 207
Quakers Support the King	p. 207
Pennsylvania Anglicans	p. 208
Personal Clerical Struggles	p. 210
Charles Inglis of New York	p. 213
Patriotism: A Matter of Bishops	p. 216
Rhetoric of Revolution	p. 219
Anthony Benezet	p. 219
John Allen	p. 221
Phillis Wheatley	p. 223
Isaac Backus	p. 225
Samuel Sherwood	p. 227
Aftermath of Revolution	p. 229
Religious Liberty Guaranteed	p. 229
Thomas Jefferson's Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom	p. 229
James Madison's Memorial and Remonstrance	p. 232
Isaac Backus and a Bill of Rights	p. 238
Religious Liberty Effected	p. 241
Virginia's Episcopalians	p. 241
Virginia's Baptists	p. 243
Virginia's Presbyterians	p. 245
Religious Liberty Tested: The Administration of George Washington	p. 246
Religion in the Revolution and the New Republic	p. 252
Religion, Rational and Natural	p. 252
Universalism	p. 252
Unitarianism	p. 255
Deism	p. 266
Religion, Evangelical and Hierarchical	p. 271
Methodism (White)	p. 271
Methodism (Black)	p. 273
Roman Catholicism	p. 276
The Practice of Piety	p. 280
Susanna Anthony of Newport	p. 280
John Leland of New England and Virginia	p. 282
Elizabeth Ann Seton of Baltimore	p. 286
Religion in the Young Republic	p. 288
Suggested Reading	p. 292
Liberty Unleashed	p. 295
The Voluntary Principle	p. 299
Disestablishment	p. 299
Connecticut	p. 299
Massachusetts	p. 301
Voluntary Societies and Society's Reform	p. 304
Lyman Beecher on Dueling and Temperance	p. 304
American Bible Society	p. 310
American Sunday School Union	p. 312
American Tract Society and the Colporteur System	p. 314
Revivalism	p. 319
Harriet Livermore before Congress	p. 319
C. G. Finney	p. 321
The New Lebanon Convention	p. 325
Progress and the Perfect Society	p. 328
Transcendentalism and Brook Farm	p. 328
Emerson as Transcendentalist	p. 328
Peabody on Brook Farm	p. 331
Oneida Community and Bible Communism	p. 333
Complex Marriage	p. 333
Scientific Propagation	p. 336
Latter-Day Saints and New Revelation	p. 338
Joseph Smith Recounts His First Vision	p. 338
Printing of the Book of Mormon	p. 341
Joseph Smith's Revelation on Plural Marriage	p. 344
Joseph Smith's Martyrdom	p. 346
Brigham Young Assumes Leadership	p. 348
Exodus Announced	p. 348
Requirements for the Journey	p. 349
Church Authorities Appeal to Iowa Governor	p. 351
Restorations and Expectations	p. 352
Restorationism: Disciples of Christ	p. 352
Barton Stone	p. 352
Alexander Campbell	p. 354
Millennialism	p. 357
Shakers	p. 357
Millerites	p. 360
Adventists (Seventh-day)	p. 363
Spiritualism	p. 365
Margaret Fox	p. 365
Horace Greeley	p. 367
Denominations and Winning the West	p. 371
Plan of Union: Congregationalist and Presbyterians	p. 371
The Plan Adopted	p. 371
The Plan Implemented	p. 373
Frontier Religion: Baptists and Methodists	p. 375
Baptist Conversion	p. 375
Methodist Circuit	p. 377
Retreats and Revivals: Roman Catholicism	p. 379
Retreats in Maryland	p. 379
Bishop Flaget's Jubilee	p. 380
Missions vs. Revivals	p. 382
Frontier Fate: Winning, Losing	p. 384
A Survivor's Cup of Sorrow	p. 384
A Victim's Valley of Death	p. 386
Voluntarism Revisited	p. 391
The Principle Observed	p. 391
The Principle Defined	p. 393
The Principle Demonstrated	p. 395
Suggested Reading	p. 402
Evangelical Empire: Rise and Fall	p. 405
Theology in the New Nation	p. 409
Robert Baird's "General Remarks"	p. 409
Alexander Campbell	p. 411
Charles Hodge	p. 413
Phoebe Palmer	p. 415
Horace Bushnell	p. 417
J. W. Nevin	p. 422
Charles Porterfield Krauth	p. 425
Pluralism or Protestantism	p. 428
Judaism	p. 428
Isaac Leeser as Catechist	p. 428
Isaac Mayer Wise in Albany	p. 430
Leeser's Missionary Journeys	p. 433
Roman Catholicism	p. 437
Trusteeism	p. 437
Orestes A. Brownson	p. 439
Isaac T. Hecker	p. 445
John England	p. 451
Hispanic Catholicism	p. 455
Nativism	p. 459
Samuel F. B. Morse	p. 459
Awful Disclosures	p. 462
Religious Know-Nothings	p. 463
Native American Revivals	p. 466
Handsome Lake	p. 466
Tenskwatawa	p. 469
Human Rights and American Religion	p. 471
Black Religion and Slavery	p. 471
Lemuel Haynes	p. 471
Slave Religion	p. 474
Nat Turner	p. 477
Daniel A. Payne	p. 481
Frederick Douglass	p. 482
Sojourner Truth	p. 487
Schism over Slavery	p. 489
The Methodists	p. 489
The Baptists	p. 492
The Presbyterians	p. 495
Women's Rights: The Grimke Sisters and Theodore Weld	p. 501
Indian Rights: The Cherokees	p. 506
U.S. House of Representatives	p. 506
Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia	p. 509
Worcester v. State of Georgia	p. 511
Suggested Reading	p. 514
Sectional Crisis and Reconstruction	p. 517
Debate over Slavery	p. 520
Varieties of Abolitionism	p. 520
Elijah Lovejoy	p. 520
William Lloyd Garrison	p. 524
Harriet Beecher Stowe	p. 526
Frederick Douglass	p. 529
Orestes A. Brownson	p. 532
White Apologists	p. 534
American Colonization Society	p. 534
John England	p. 536
James Henley Thornwell	p. 538
Thornton Stringfellow	p. 542
The Civil War as a Religious Event	p. 544
The Scene	p. 544
An Outcry against War	p. 544
"Christ in the Camp"	p. 547
Military Rule	p. 550
Territory Conquered	p. 552
Theological Reflection	p. 555
John Rice	p. 555
Charles Pettit McIlvaine	p. 556
The Christian Examiner	p. 559
Horace Bushnell	p. 562
Meditations on the Nation under God	p. 564
John Brown	p. 564
Philip Schaff	p. 566
Abraham Lincoln	p. 568
Charles Hodge	p. 575
After the War	p. 579
"Welcome to the Ransomed"	p. 579
Emancipation Celebrated	p. 579
Aid Solicited	p. 580
Education Offered	p. 582
Optimism Tempered	p. 584
Hopes Destroyed	p. 587
The Task	p. 589
Unity Maintained	p. 589
Division Hardened	p. 591
Lost Cause Affirmed	p. 592
African Americans Organized	p. 594
Suggested Reading	p. 597
Index	p. 600
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