Dosage Calculations, 6E

by Pickar, Gloria D.

• ISBN13: 9780766805040
• ISBN10: 0766805042
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-04-07
• Publisher: CENGAGE Delmar Learning

Summary

This perennial best seller has set the standard for dosage calculations. This formula method text contains more practice questions than any competitor; full color labels; equipment; pediatric dosages; and even advanced calculations. New to this edition are a more streamlined presentation; new drug labels; smaller doses for pediatric calculations; and an interactive CD-ROM with improved functionality

Table of Contents

Preface	viii
Acknowledgments	x
Introduction to the Student	xii
Using This Book	xiii
SECTION 1 Mathematics Review	1	(58)
Mathematics Diagnostic Evaluation	3	(4)
Mathematics Review for Dosage Calculations: Arabic Numbers, Roman Numerals, Fractions, and Decimals	7	(32)
Arabic Numbers and Roman Numerals	7	(3)
Fractions	10	(14)
Decimals	24	(15)
Mathematics Review for Dosage Calculations: Ratios, Percents, Simple Equations, and Ratios and Proportions	39	(20)
Ratios and Percents	39	(4)
Solving Simple Equations for ``X''	43	(4)
Ratio-Proportion: Cross-Multiplying to Solve for ``X''	47	(4)
Finding a Percentage of a Quantity	51	(8)
Self-Evaluation	57	(2)
SECTION 2 Measurement Systems, Drug Orders, and Drug Labels	59	(88)
Systems of Measurement	61	(12)
The Metric System	61	(4)
The Apothecary and Household Systems	65	(3)
Other Common Drug Measurements: Units and Milliequivalents	68	(2)
Critical Thinking Skills	70	(3)
Conversions: Metric, Apothecary and Household Systems	73	(18)
Converting from One Unit to Another Using the Conversion Factor Method	74	(3)
Converting Within the Metric System Using the Conversion Factor Method	77	(3)
Approximate Equivalents	80	(2)
Converting Between Systems of Measurement Using the Conversion Factor Method	82	(3)
Converting Using the Ratio-Proportion Method	85	(3)
Critical Thinking Skills	88	(1)
Summary	88	(3)
Conversions for Other Clinical Applications: Time and Temperature	91	(8)
Converting Between Traditional and International Time	91	(3)
Converting Between Celsius and Fahrenheit Temperature	94	(3)
Critical Thinking Skills	97	(2)
Equipment Used in Dosage Measurement	99	(14)
Oral Administration	99	(1)
Parenteral Administration	100	(10)
Critical Thinking Skills	110	(3)
Interpreting Drug Orders	113	(14)
Medical Abbreviations	113	(1)
The Drug Order	114	(3)
Medication Order and Administration Forms	117	(2)
Computerized Medication Administration Systems	119	(3)
Critical Thinking Skills	122	(5)
Understanding Drug Labels	127	(20)
Critical Thinking Skills	137	(10)
Self-Evaluation	142	(5)
SECTION 3 Drug Dosage Calculations	147	(122)
Oral Dosage of Drugs	149	(32)
Tablets and Capsules	149	(13)
Oral Liquids	162	(6)
Summary	168	(1)
Critical Thinking Skills	169	(12)
Parenteral Dosage of Drugs	181	(54)
Injectable Solutions	181	(12)
Injectable Medications in Powder Form	193	(13)
Insulin	206	(11)
Calculating Parenteral Dosage Expressed as a Ratio or Percent	217	(3)
Critical Thinking Skills	220	(2)
Summary	222	(13)
Using Ratio-Proportion to Calculate Dosages	235	(10)
Critical Thinking Skills	241	(4)
Pediatric Dosages	245	(24)
Administering Medications to Children	245	(1)
Converting Pounds to Kilograms	246	(1)
Body Weight Method for Calculating Safe Pediatric Dosage	247	(5)
Combination Drugs	252	(7)
Critical Thinking Skills	259	(10)
Self-Evaluation	264	(5)
SECTION 4 Advanced Calculations	269	(116)
Reconstitution of Noninjectable Solutions	271	(14)
Solution Strength	271	(3)
Calculating Solutions	274	(4)
Oral and Enteral Feedings	278	(3)
Critical Thinking Skills	281	(4)
Intravenous Solutions, Equipment, and Calculations	285	(44)
IV Solutions	286	(6)
Calculating Dosage Expressed as a Percentage in IV Fluids	292	(1)
IV Sites	293	(1)
Monitoring IVs	294	(1)
Primary and Secondary IVs	294	(2)
Blood Administration Tubing	296	(1)
IV Flow Rate	296	(1)
Electronically Regulated IVs	296	(3)
Calculating Flow Rates for Electronic Regulators in mL/h	299	(2)
Manually Regulated IVs	301	(3)
Calculating Flow Rates for Manually Regulated IVs in gtt/min	304	(7)
Adjusting IV Flow Rate	311	(3)
Intermittent IV Infusions	314	(6)
Calculating IV Infusion Time	320	(1)
Calculating IV Fluid Volumes	321	(3)
Critical Thinking Skills	324	(5)
Advanced Pediatric Calculations	329	(26)
Body Surface Area (BSA) Method	329	(8)
Pediatric Volume Control Sets	337	(4)
Preparing Pediatric IVs	341	(2)
Minimal Dilutions for IV Medications	343	(2)
Calculation of Daily Volume for Maintenance Fluids	345	(3)
Critical Thinking Skills	348	(7)
Advanced Adult Intravenous Calculations	355	(30)
IV Heparin	355	(5)
Critical Care IV Calculations: Calculating Flow Rate of an IV Medication to be Given Over a Specified Time Period	360	(9)
Limiting Infusion Volumes	369	(4)
Critical Thinking Skills	373	(12)
Self-Evaluation	379	(6)
Essential Skills Evaluation	385	(14)
Comprehensive Skills Evaluation	399	(11)
Answers	410	(66)
Index	476