The Dry Eye; A Practical Approach

by Patel & Blades

• ISBN13: 9780750649780
• ISBN10: 075064978X
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-04-10
• Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann

Summary

This practical handbook contains complete information on pathophysiology, treatment planning, and therapy for dry eye an uncomfortable, sometimes severe condition that may be caused by factors such as disease, contact lens wear, environmental conditions, or equipment. Clear and concise yet comprehensive, it adopts a clinical evidence-based, decision-making approach to the subject with practical advice on setting goals, planning treatment objectives, and managing conditions. It serves as an essential pocket reference for anyone involved with the treatment and management of dry eye conditions. Clear discussions explain how to set priorities and establish guidelines for treatment based on the patient's presenting symptoms. No other book presents a succinct, practical guide to treatment and successful management of dry eye. All factors that can cause dry eye conditions are addressed, looking beyond the most common contact lens complications to factors such as disease, the environment, and equipment worn by the patient. Clinically relevant approach makes this unique resource extremely useful in the patient-care setting. Practical advice outlines succinct methods for the most effective management of dry eye conditions. Comprehensive information is presented in a quick-reference, synoptic format that's convenient and easy-to-use. Well-referenced chapters present evidence-based information and point to original sources for further research and investigation. Both common and severe dry eye conditions are covered, prioritized so clinicians can see the treatment implications associated with each. Clear illustrations and line diagrams show key visual concepts and help readers see the real-world clinical applications.

Author Biography

Sudi Patel BSc(Hons) MPhil PhD FCOptom FAAO: Optometric Adviser to the Common Services Agency, NHS Scotland, Edinburgh, UK; Visiting Professor, Institute of Ophthalmology, University Miguel Hernandez de Elche, Alicante, Spain Kenny J Blades BSc(Hons) PhD CBiol MIBiol: Clinical testing at an International Pharmaceutical Company, UK

Table of Contents

Preface	vii
Introduction	1	(12)
Role of the tear film	1	(1)
Structure of the tear film	2	(2)
Tear film composition	4	(5)
Dry eye syndromes	9	(4)
Patient Self-Assessment	13	(10)
Questionnaires	14	(1)
Visual scales	15	(1)
Examples of dry eye questionnaires	16	(7)
Laboratory and Clinical Tests -- a Balance	23	(4)
Laboratory versus clinical	23	(2)
Features of clinical tests and techniques	25	(1)
Features of laboratory tests and techniques	26	(1)
Stability of the Tear Film	27	(10)
Tear film stability and break up	27	(3)
Tests of tear stability	30	(5)
Summary	35	(2)
Assessment of Tear Volume	37	(10)
Invasive tests for tear volume	37	(4)
Non-invasive tests for tear volume	41	(6)
Assessment of Tear Quality	47	(10)
Tear quality in general	47	(1)
Slit lamp	47	(1)
Lid margin, canthi and staining	48	(2)
The lipid layer	50	(2)
Meibomiometry	52	(1)
Evaporimetry	53	(1)
Lactoplate test	53	(1)
Refractometry	53	(1)
Tear ferning	54	(1)
Osmolality	54	(3)
Ocular Surface Health	57	(10)
Hyperaemia assessment	57	(3)
Ocular surface staining	60	(1)
Conjunctiva cellular status assessment	61	(3)
Summary	64	(3)
Treatments of Dry Eye	67	(16)
Artificial tears	67	(3)
Oral antioxidants	70	(2)
Punctal plugging	72	(2)
Ointments, sprays, lid scrubs, lid therapy, sideshields, compresses	74	(2)
Watery eye	76	(3)
Pharmacological intervention	79	(4)
Index	83