Foundations of Instruction | |
Dynamic Social Studies: The Subject You Will Teach | p. 2 |
What Do You Remember About Social Studies? | p. 6 |
What Is Social Studies? | p. 8 |
The Social Sciences | p. 9 |
The Social Science/Social Studies Connection | p. 12 |
Defining the Term Social Studies | p. 13 |
Why Is Social Studies Important? | p. 15 |
Participatory Citizenship | p. 16 |
What Are the Major Goals of Elementary School Social Studies Instruction? | p. 17 |
What Is Dynamic Social Studies? | p. 19 |
Functional Content | p. 21 |
Constructivist Teaching Practices | p. 31 |
Intrinsic Motivation | p. 34 |
Cross-Curricular Integration | p. 35 |
Respect for Diversity | p. 37 |
Afterword | p. 40 |
References | p. 42 |
Diversity in the Classroom: The Children You Will Teach | p. 46 |
What Is Multicultural Education? | p. 48 |
Cultural Responsiveness | p. 49 |
Why Is Multicultural Awareness Important? | p. 50 |
Cultural and Ethnic Diversity | p. 50 |
Teaching in Culturally Diverse Settings | p. 53 |
Language Diversity in the Classroom | p. 59 |
Educating Exceptional Children | p. 61 |
Gifted Children | p. 68 |
Multiple Intelligences and Talents | p. 70 |
Gender | p. 72 |
Social Class | p. 76 |
Afterword | p. 78 |
References | p. 78 |
Classrooms for Young Social Scientists | |
Young Historians: Coming Face to Face With the Past | p. 82 |
What Is History? | p. 87 |
Why Is History Important? | p. 90 |
What Should Students Know or Be Able to Do? | p. 92 |
In General, How Should History Be Taught? | p. 93 |
Historical Narratives | p. 95 |
Primary Sources: Connecting With the Past | p. 118 |
Nonwritten Sources (Artifacts) | p. 133 |
Chronology | p. 137 |
Event Chains | p. 138 |
Timelines | p. 138 |
Afterword | p. 144 |
References | p. 145 |
Young Geographers: Investigating the People/Place Connection | p. 148 |
What Is Geography? | p. 151 |
Why Is Geography Important? | p. 155 |
What Should Young Geographers Know or Be Able to Do? | p. 157 |
The Five Themes of Geography | p. 157 |
National Geography Standards | p. 162 |
In General, How Should Geography Be Taught? | p. 167 |
Teacher-Guided Discovery | p. 168 |
Independent Projects | p. 175 |
Maps: The Tools of Geographers | p. 178 |
What Is a Map? | p. 179 |
Introductory Map Skills Experiences | p. 180 |
Beginning Map Skills Instruction | p. 181 |
Three-Dimensional Classroom Maps | p. 182 |
Flat Maps | p. 184 |
Model Communities | p. 185 |
Story Maps | p. 186 |
Mental Maps | p. 186 |
Refining Map Skills | p. 189 |
Map Instruction in the Middle and Upper Grades | p. 195 |
Place Location and Direction | p. 196 |
Relative Location | p. 199 |
Map Symbols | p. 202 |
Scale | p. 203 |
Understanding the Globe | p. 203 |
Map Selection for the Classroom | p. 205 |
Afterword | p. 207 |
References | p. 207 |
Young Political Scientists: Future Citizens in Action | p. 208 |
What Is Civics? | p. 210 |
Why Is Civics Important? | p. 211 |
What Should Young Political Scientists Know or Be Able to Do? | p. 212 |
In General, How Should Civics Be Taught? | p. 215 |
Informal Civics Instruction | p. 215 |
Formal Civics Instruction | p. 222 |
Civic Dispositions and Virtues | p. 236 |
Critical Thinking | p. 243 |
Afterword | p. 257 |
References | p. 259 |
Constructivist Approaches to Classroom Instruction | |
The Learning Cycle: Teacher Scaffolded Social Constructivism | p. 260 |
What Is Constructivism? | p. 264 |
What Is Social Constructivism? | p. 267 |
Zones of Development | p. 268 |
Scaffolding | p. 269 |
What Is the Teacher's Role in a Social Constructivist Classroom? | p. 270 |
How Does the Learning Cycle Contribute to Social Constructivism? | p. 271 |
The Exploration Phase | p. 271 |
The Development Phase | p. 282 |
The Concept/Skill Application Phase | p. 304 |
Afterword | p. 309 |
References | p. 310 |
Cooperative Learning: Student-Assisted Social Constructivism | p. 312 |
What Is Cooperative Learning? | p. 318 |
How Does Cooperative Learning Work? | p. 318 |
What Are the Main Features of Cooperative Learning? | p. 322 |
Determining Group Composition | p. 323 |
Selecting a Cooperative Learning Strategy | p. 326 |
Choosing a Reward System | p. 331 |
What Are the Benefits of Cooperative Learning? | p. 332 |
Afterword | p. 333 |
References | p. 334 |
Inquiry and Problem Solving: Cognitive Constructivism in Action | p. 336 |
What Is Cognitive Constructivism? | p. 339 |
What Is Problem-Centered Instruction? | p. 340 |
Making the Transition to Problem-Centered Instruction | p. 341 |
How Do Teachers Facilitate Inquiry and Problem Solving? | p. 347 |
Inquiry Procedures | p. 347 |
Creative Problem Solving (CPS) | p. 360 |
Afterword | p. 368 |
References | p. 368 |
Key Organizational Decisions | |
Instructional Planning: The Basis of Successful Teaching | p. 370 |
Why Is Planning Important? | p. 374 |
How Are Unit Plans Constructed? | p. 375 |
Select the Topic for Study | p. 376 |
Formulate Goals and Objectives | p. 377 |
Organize the Content | p. 379 |
Select the Learning Experiences | p. 381 |
Plan the Learning Experiences | p. 382 |
Assess Learning and Teaching | p. 391 |
Afterword | p. 403 |
References | p. 405 |
Key Instructional Resources: Going Beyond the Ordinary | p. 406 |
Doing Something Real | p. 411 |
Realia | p. 412 |
Field Trips | p. 416 |
Resource Persons | p. 417 |
Depictions of Reality | p. 420 |
Digital and VHS Cameras | p. 421 |
Pictures and Study Prints | p. 423 |
Integrating the Arts | p. 424 |
Involvement in the Arts | p. 425 |
The Visual Arts | p. 427 |
Music | p. 429 |
Creative Movement and Dance | p. 430 |
Drama | p. 431 |
Textbooks and Trade Books | p. 436 |
Textbooks | p. 437 |
Trade Books | p. 439 |
Newspapers | p. 442 |
Electronic Newspapers | p. 444 |
Current Affairs Periodicals | p. 445 |
Computers | p. 445 |
Tutorial Software | p. 446 |
Problem-Solving Software | p. 446 |
Simulation Software | p. 447 |
Word Processing | p. 447 |
Telecommunications | p. 448 |
Hypermedia (Presentation Software) | p. 450 |
Afterword | p. 451 |
References | p. 452 |
Author Index | p. 455 |
Subject Index | p. 459 |
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