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9780618214655

The Earth and Its People

by ; ; ; ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780618214655

  • ISBN10:

    0618214658

  • Edition: 2nd
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2002-08-02
  • Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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Table of Contents

Maps
xvii
Environment and Technology Features xviii
Society and Culture Features xviii
Preface xix
About the Authors xxv
Note on Spelling and Usage xxvii
Introduction: The World Before 1550 xxix
The Maritime Revolution, to 1550
342(19)
Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450
343(3)
The Pacific Ocean
343(1)
The Indian Ocean
343(1)
The Atlantic Ocean
344(2)
Iberian Expansion, 1400--1550
346(6)
Background to European Expansion
346(1)
Portuguese Voyages
347(2)
Spanish Voyages
349(3)
Encounters with Europe, 1450--1550
352(7)
Western Africa
352(1)
Eastern Africa
353(1)
Indian Ocean States
354(1)
The Americas
355(4)
Patterns of Dominance
359(1)
Conclusion
359(1)
Key Terms
359(1)
Suggested Reading
360(1)
Notes
360(1)
Society and Culture: European Male Sexual Dominance Overseas
357(4)
Part Five The Globe Encompassed, 1500--1800
361(80)
The Transformation of Europe, 1500--1750
364(18)
Religious and Political Innovations
365(1)
Religious Reformation
365(1)
The Failure of Empire
366(1)
Building State Power
366(8)
Royal Centralization, 1500--1750
367(4)
Absolutism and Constitutionalism
371(1)
War and Diplomacy
371(2)
Politics and the Economy
373(1)
Urban Society and Commercial Technology
374(2)
Urban Social Classes
375(1)
Commercial Techniques and Technology
375(1)
Rural Society and the Environment
376(1)
The Struggle for Food and Fuel
376(1)
Peasantry and Gentry
376(1)
The Realm of Ideas
376(4)
Traditional Thinking
378(1)
The Scientific Revolution
378(1)
The Early Enlightenment
379(1)
Conclusion
380(1)
Key Terms
381(1)
Suggested Reading
381(1)
Environment and Technology: Mapping the World
377(5)
The Americas, the Atlantic, and Africa, 1530--1770
382(23)
Spanish America and Brazil
383(5)
State and Church
383(1)
Colonial Economies
384(2)
Society in Colonial Latin America
386(2)
English and French Colonies in North America
388(3)
The South
389(1)
New England
389(1)
Middle Atlantic Region
390(1)
French America
390(1)
Plantations in the West Indies
391(5)
Sugar and Slaves
391(3)
Technology and Environment
394(2)
Creating the Atlantic Economy
396(3)
Capitalism and Mercantilism
397(1)
The Great Circuit and Middle Passage
398(1)
Africa and the Atlantic
399(2)
The Gold Coast and the Slave Coast
399(1)
The Bight of Biafra and Angola
400(1)
The Columbian Exchange
401(2)
Transfers to the Americas
401(1)
Transfers from the Americas
402(1)
Conclusion
403(1)
Key Terms
403(1)
Suggested Reading
404(1)
Notes
404(1)
Society and Culture: Colonial Wealth and the Exploitation of Indigenous Peoples
387(18)
Southwest Asia and the Indian Ocean, 1500--1750
405(19)
The Ottoman Empire
406(7)
Expansion and Frontiers
406(3)
Central Institutions
409(1)
Crisis of the Military State, 1585--1650
410(2)
Economic Change and Growing Weakness
412(1)
The Safavid Empire
413(3)
Safavid Society and Religion
413(1)
Isfahan and Istanbul
414(1)
Economic Crisis and Political Collapse
415(1)
The Mughal Empire
416(2)
Political Foundations
416(1)
Hindus and Muslims
417(1)
Central Decay and Regional Challenges
418(1)
Trade Empires in the Indian Ocean, 1600--1729
418(4)
Muslims in the East Indies
419(1)
Muslims in East Africa
419(2)
The Coming of the Dutch
421(1)
Conclusion
422(1)
Key Terms
423(1)
Suggested Reading
423(1)
Note
423(1)
Environment and Technology: Metal Currency and Inflation
411(13)
Eastern Eurasia, 1500--1800
424(17)
New Relations in Eurasia
425(2)
The Land-Based Empires of Eurasia
425(1)
New Global Influences
426(1)
The Russian Empire
427(4)
The Rise of Romanov Power
427(3)
Russians and Turks
430(1)
Peter the Great
430(1)
The Russian Drive Eastward
431(1)
The Later Ming and Early Qing Empires
431(6)
The End of the Ming
431(2)
Power and Trade in the Early Qing
433(1)
Emperor Kangxi
434(1)
Tea and Diplomacy
434(2)
Population and Social Stress
436(1)
Tokugawa Japan, to 1800
437(2)
Shogunate and Economy
437(1)
The ``Closing'' of Japan
437(1)
Elite Decline and Social Crisis
438(1)
Conclusion
439(1)
Key Terms
439(1)
Suggested Reading
439(1)
Note
440(1)
Society and Culture: Style and Conversion: Christian Rivalries in Beijing
435(6)
Part Six Revolutions Reshape the World, 1750--1870
441(60)
Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750--1850
444(19)
Prelude to Revolution: War and the Enlightenment
445(1)
The American Revolution
446(4)
Frontiers and Taxes
446(1)
The Course of Revolution
446(3)
New Republican Institutions
449(1)
The French Revolution
450(6)
French Society and Fiscal Crisis
450(1)
Protest Turns to Revolution
451(2)
Reaction and Dictatorship
453(1)
Retrenchment, Reform, and Revolution
454(2)
Revolution in Haiti and Latin America
456(2)
The Haitian Revolution
456(1)
Latin American Revolutions
457(1)
Mexico
458(1)
Economic and Social Liberation Movements
458(4)
The Abolition of Slavery
460(1)
Equal Rights for Women and Blacks
461(1)
Conclusion
462(1)
Key Terms
462(1)
Suggested Reading
462(1)
Environment and Technology: The Pencil
448(15)
The Early Industrial Revolution, 1760--1851
463(18)
Causes of the Industrial Revolution
464(2)
Preconditions for Industrialization
464(1)
Britain's Advantages
465(1)
The Technological Revolution
466(5)
Mass Production and Mechanization
466(3)
Iron and Steam
469(2)
Communication over Wires
471(1)
The Impact of the Industrial Revolution
471(3)
The New Industrial Cities
471(1)
Rural Environments
472(1)
Working Conditions
473(1)
Changes in Society
474(1)
Responses to Industrialization
474(2)
Laissez Faire
475(1)
Positivism and Utopian Socialism
475(1)
Protests and Reforms
475(1)
Emigration
476(1)
The Effects of Industrialization in Russia and the Ottoman Empire
476(3)
Russia
477(1)
The Ottoman Empire
477(1)
The Crimean War, 1853--1856
478(1)
Conclusion
479(1)
Key Terms
480(1)
Suggested Reading
480(1)
Note
480(1)
Society and Culture: Charles Babbage, Ada Lovelace, and the ``Analytical Engine''
468(13)
Africa, India, and China, 1750--1870
481(20)
Changes and Exchanges in Africa
482(6)
New African States
482(3)
Modernization in Egypt and Ethiopia
485(1)
European Penetration
485(2)
Secondary Empires in Eastern Africa
487(1)
India Under British Rule
488(7)
Company Men
488(2)
Raj and Rebellion, 1818--1857
490(1)
Political Reform and Industrial Impact
491(1)
Rising Indian Nationalism
492(1)
Colonies and Commerce
492(3)
The Qing Empire
495(4)
Economic and Social Disorder
495(1)
The Opium War, 1839--1842
495(2)
The Taiping Rebellion, 1850--1864
497(2)
Decentralization at the End of the Qing Empire
499(1)
Conclusion
499(1)
Key Terms
500(1)
Suggested Reading
500(1)
Notes
500(1)
Environment and Technology: Whaling
494(7)
Part Seven Global Dominance and Diversity, 1850--1949
501(100)
The New Power Balance, 1850--1900
504(19)
New Technologies and the World Economy
505(1)
The Steel and Chemical Industries
505(1)
Electricity
505(1)
Shipping and Telegraph Cables
506(1)
Railroads
506(1)
World Trade and Finance
506(1)
Social Transformations
506(4)
Population and Migrations
507(1)
Urbanization and Social Structures
507(2)
Labor Movements and Socialist Politics
509(1)
Working-Class Women and Men
509(1)
The Victorian Age and Women's ``Separate Sphere''
510(1)
Nationalism and the Unification of Germany
510(3)
National Identity Before 1871
512(1)
The Unification of Germany
512(1)
Nationalism After 1871
512(1)
The Great Powers of Europe, 1871--1900
513(2)
Germany at the Center of Europe
513(1)
The Liberal Powers: France and Great Britain
513(1)
The Conservative Powers: Russia and Austria-Hungary
514(1)
New Great Powers: The United States and Japan
515(6)
The United States, 1865--1900
515(3)
The Rise of Japan, 1850-1900
518(3)
Conclusion
521(1)
Key Terms
521(1)
Suggested Reading
521(2)
Society and Culture: Demonstrating for Women's Rights
511(12)
The New Imperialism, 1869--1914
523(18)
The New Imperialism: Motives and Methods
526(2)
Political and Economic Motives
526(1)
Cultural Motives
526(1)
The Tools of the Imperialists
527(1)
Colonial Agents and Administration
527(1)
The Scramble for Africa
528(3)
Egypt
528(1)
Western and Equatorial Africa
528(2)
Southern Africa
530(1)
Political and Social Responses
531(1)
Asia and Western Dominance
531(4)
Central Asia
531(2)
Southeast Asia and Indonesia
533(1)
Hawaii and the Philippines, 1878--1902
533(2)
Imperialism in Latin America
535(2)
Railroads and the Imperialism of Free Trade
535(1)
American Expansionism and the Spanish-American War
536(1)
American Intervention in the Caribbean and Central America
537(1)
The World Economy and the Global Environment
537(2)
Expansion of the World Economy
538(1)
Transformation of the Global Environment
538(1)
Conclusion
539(1)
Key Terms
539(1)
Suggested Reading
539(1)
Notes
540(1)
Environment and Technology: Imperialism and Tropical Ecology
534(7)
The Crisis of the Imperial Order, 1900--1929
541(22)
The Crisis in Europe and the Middle East
542(3)
The Ottoman Empire and the Balkans
542(1)
Nationalism, Alliances, and Military Strategy
542(3)
The ``Great War'' and the Russian Revolutions
545(4)
Stalemate, 1914--1917
545(1)
The Home Front and the War Economy
546(2)
The Ottoman Empire at War
548(1)
Double Revolution in Russia, 1917
548(1)
The End of the War in Western Europe, 1917--1918
549(1)
Peace and Dislocation in Europe
549(4)
The Impact of the War
550(2)
The Peace Treaties
552(1)
Russian Civil War and the New Economic Policy
552(1)
An Ephemeral Peace
552(1)
China and Japan: Contrasting Destinies
553(3)
Revolution in China
553(1)
Japan and World War I
554(1)
China in the 1920s
555(1)
The New Middle East
556(2)
The Rise of Modern Turkey
556(1)
Arab Lands and the Question of Palestine
556(2)
Science and Technology in the Industrialized World
558(3)
Revolution in the Sciences
558(1)
The New Technologies of Modernity
559(1)
Technology and the Environment
560(1)
Conclusion
561(1)
Key Terms
562(1)
Suggested Reading
562(1)
Society and Culture: The Experience of Battle
547(16)
The Collapse of the Old Order, 1929--1949
563(21)
Stalin's Revolution
564(2)
Five-Year Plans
564(1)
Collectivization of Agriculture
564(2)
Terror and Opportunities
566(1)
The Depression
566(1)
Economic Crisis
566(1)
Depression in Industrial Nations
567(1)
Depression in Nonindustrial Regions
567(1)
The Rise of Fascism
567(3)
Mussolini's Italy
568(1)
Hitler's Germany
568(1)
The Road to War, 1933--1939
569(1)
East Asia, 1931--1945
570(3)
The Manchurian Incident of 1931
570(1)
The Chinese Communists and the Long March
571(1)
The Sino-Japanese War, 1937--1945
572(1)
The Second World War
573(5)
The War of Movement
573(1)
War in Europe and North Africa
574(1)
War in Asia and the Pacific
574(2)
The End of the War
576(1)
Chinese Civil War and Communist Victory
576(2)
The Character of Warfare
578(3)
The War of Science
578(1)
Bombing Raids
579(1)
The Holocaust
579(2)
The Home Front
581(1)
War and the Environment
581(1)
Conclusion
581(1)
Key Terms
582(1)
Suggested Reading
582(2)
Environment and Technology: Biomedical Technologies
580(4)
Striving for Independence: Africa, India, and Latin America, 1900--1949
584(17)
Sub-Saharan Africa, 1900--1945
585(3)
Colonial Africa: Economic and Social Changes
585(2)
Religious and Political Changes
587(1)
The Indian Independence Movement, 1905--1947
588(6)
The Land and the People
588(1)
British Rule and Indian Nationalism
589(3)
Mahatma Gandhi and Militant Nonviolence
592(1)
India Moves Toward Independence
593(1)
Partition and Independence
593(1)
Latin America, 1900--1949
594(5)
The Mexican Revolution, 1910--1920
594(1)
The Mexican Revolution Institutionalized, 1920--1940
595(2)
The Transformation of Argentina
597(1)
Brazil and Argentina, to 1929
597(1)
Depression and the Vargas Regime in Brazil
598(1)
Argentina After 1930
599(1)
Conclusion
599(1)
Key Terms
600(1)
Suggested Reading
600(1)
Society and Culture: Self-Government in Africa
589(12)
Part Eight The Perils and Promises of a Global Community, 1945--2001
601
The Cold War and Decolonization, 1945--1975
604(19)
Decolonization and Nation Building
605(5)
New Nations in South and Southeast Asia
605(3)
The Struggle for Independence in Africa
608(1)
The Quest for Economic Freedom in Latin America
609(1)
The Cold War
610(7)
The United Nations
611(1)
Capitalism and Communism
611(2)
West Versus East in Europe and Korea
613(1)
U.S. Defeat in Vietnam
614(2)
The Race for Nuclear Supremacy
616(1)
Beyond a Bipolar World
617(4)
The Third World
617(1)
Japan and China
618(1)
The Middle East
619(1)
The Emergence of Environmental Concerns
620(1)
Conclusion
621(1)
Key Terms
621(1)
Suggested Reading
621(2)
Environment and Technology: The Green Revolution
612(11)
Crisis, Realignment, and the Dawn of the Post--Cold War World, 1975--1991
623(22)
Postcolonial Crises and Asian Economic Expansion, 1975--1989
624(7)
Revolution, Repression, and Democratic Reform in Latin America
624(2)
Islamic Revolutions in Iran and Afghanistan
626(2)
Asian Transformation
628(3)
The End of the Bipolar World, 1989--1991
631(2)
Crisis in the Soviet Union
631(1)
The Collapse of the Socialist Bloc
631(2)
The Persian Gulf War, 1990--1991
633(1)
The Challenge of Population Growth
633(4)
Demographic Transition
634(2)
The Industrialized Nations
636(1)
The Developing Nations
637(1)
Unequal Development and the Movement of Peoples
637(3)
The Problem of Growing Inequality
638(1)
Internal Migration: The Growth of Cities
639(1)
Global Migration
640(1)
Technological and Environmental Change
640(2)
New Technologies and the World Economy
641(1)
Conserving and Sharing Resources
641(1)
Responding to Environmental Threats
642(1)
Conclusion
642(1)
Key Terms
643(1)
Suggested Reading
643(1)
Notes
644(1)
Society and Culture: China's Family-Planning Needs
638(7)
The End of a Global Century, 1991--2001
645
A Fragmented World
646(8)
Challenges to the Nation-State
646(1)
Problems of the Global Economy
647(2)
Old Threats, New Dangers
649(3)
Human Rights
652(2)
Women's Rights
654(1)
Elements of a Global Culture
654(5)
The Medium and the Message
655(1)
The Spread of Popular Culture
656(1)
Global Connections and Elite Culture
657(1)
The Endurance of Cultural Diversity
658(1)
Conclusion
659(1)
Key Terms
660(1)
Suggested Reading
661(1)
Notes
661
Society and Culture: Nelson Mandela
653
Glossary 1(1)
Index 1

Supplemental Materials

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