SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION | |
ntroduction: The Scientific Method | |
rganization of This Book | |
The Scientific Method | |
Special Features of the Earth Sciences | |
Apply the Scientific Method to Your Own Life | |
ab 1: Introduction to Maps | |
ypes of Maps | |
Map Legend | |
Scale | |
Global Location System: Latitude and Longitude | |
Map Grids and Orientation | |
Projections | |
U | |
Geological Survey Maps | |
Global Positioning System (GPS) | |
ECTION 2: THE SOLID EARTH | |
ab 2: Physical Properties of Minerals | |
efinition of a Mineral | |
Types of Physical Properties Shown by Minerals | |
Determining the Properties of Minerals | |
ab 3: Rock-Forming Minerals | |
ineral Identification and Recognition | |
Use of the Mineral Identification Tables | |
Classification of Minerals | |
Geologic Resources and Minerals | |
ab 4: Igneous Rocks | |
ineralogical and Chemical Composition | |
Textures of Igneous Rocks | |
Classification and Identification of Igneous Rocks | |
ab 5: Sedimentary Rocks | |
ormation of Sedimentary Rocks | |
Sedimentary Environments | |
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks | |
Biochemical and Chemical Sedimentary Rocks | |
Identification and Description of Sedimentary Rocks | |
ab 6: Metamorphic Rocks | |
extures of Metamorphic Rocks | |
Composition of Metamorphic Rocks | |
Types of Metamorphism | |
Temperature and Pressure | |
Classification of Metamorphic Rocks | |
ab 7: Rock Masses | |
ntroduction to Geologic Maps and Cross Sections | |
Sedimentary Rock Masses | |
Igneous Rock Masses | |
Metamorphic Rock Masses | |
Structures and Deformation | |
Rocks in a Cross Section | |
ab 8: Geologic Time and Geologic History | |
elative Age | |
Geologic History | |
Numerical Dating | |
Geologic Time Scale | |
ab 9: Earth's Structure and Plate Tectonics | |
he Structure of the Earth | |
Divergent Plate Boundaries and Transform Faults | |
Convergence, Subduction, and Mountain Building | |
Geometric Fit of Continents | |
ab 10: Earthquakes and Seismology | |
arthquake Hazards | |
The Origin of Earthquakes | |
Seismic Waves | |
Magnitude | |
Locating an Earthquake | |
ECTION 3: EARTH'S SURFACE AND THE FLUID EARTH | |
ab 11: Topographic Maps | |
opography and Contours | |
Topographic Profiles | |
Using and Constructing Topographic Maps | |
Air Photos Give a View of the Third Dimension | |
ab 12: Shorelines and Oceans | |
he Edge of the Oceans | |
Shorelines | |
Ocean Currents | |
Ocean Salinity | |
Nutrients in Seawater | |
El Nino - La Nina | |
ab 13: Groundwater and Karst Topopgraphy | |
orosity | |
Permeability and Flow Rate | |
Water Table, Groundwater Flow, and Wells | |
Groundwater Causes Erosion by Solution | |
ab 14: Streams and Rivers | |
tream Gradient | |
Stream Erosion: Downward or Sideways?Lab 15: Wind and the Atmosphere | |
oriolis Effect | |
Global Winds | |
Humidity | |
Weather | |
Atmospheric Chemistry | |
Greenhouse Effect | |
Ozone Layer | |
ECTION 4: RESOURCES | |
ab 16: Geologic Maps | |
hat is Shown on a Geologic Map | |
Folds on Geologic Maps | |
Faults on Geologic Maps | |
Unconformities on Geologic Maps | |
Igneous Contacts on Geologic Maps | |
Drawing a Cross Section | |
Making Geologic Maps from Field Investigations: A Simulation | |
ab 17: Resources | |
ossil Fuels as Resources | |
Carbon Cycle | |
Mineral Resources | |
lossary |
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