An Easyguide to Apa Style

by Beth M. Schwartz

ISBN13:

9781412991247

ISBN10:

1412991242

Format:

Spiral Bound

Pub. Date:

2/15/2011

Publisher(s):

SAGE Publications, Inc

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This is the edition with a publication date of 2/15/2011.

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Summary

Written by experienced psychology instructors who are respected member of the APA's Teaching of Psychology division, this guide provides an easy alternative for anyone struggling with APA style. Written in a clear, conversational, and sometimes humorous style, this book presents easy-to understand explanations of how to write research papers, cite research, and do any work requiring APA format. The authors demystify the process with easy-to-follow advice, tips, and visual representations of how to use APA style.

Preface	p. xi
Our Reader-Friendly Approach	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
About the Authors	p. xv
Overview
Style Versus Format: Why It Matters to Your Audience and Why It Should Matter to You	p. 3
What Is the Difference Between APA Style and APA Format?	p. 4
Why APA Style Anyway? Wasn't MLA Good Enough?	p. 6
In the Long Run, Attention to Detail Matters (Including APA Style and Format)	p. 7
Write for Your Specific Audience: Term Papers Versus Formal Research Papers	p. 8
Your Visual Table of Contents QuickFinder	p. 10
The Sample Paper With Content and Page Numbers	p. 12
Writing with (APA) Style: Big Picture Items
Bare-Bones Fundamentals: General Writing Tips Specific to APA Style	p. 27
Clear and Succinct Writing	p. 27
Commonly Confused Words in Psychology	p. 28
Subject-Verb Agreement	p. 30
Active Voice Versus Passive Voice in APA Style	p. 31
A Quick Grammar Summary for APA-Style Writing	p. 34
Parts of a Sentence	p. 35
Parts of Speech	p. 36
Common Grammar Mistakes to Avoid	p. 38
Thou Shalt Not Steal (or Be Lazy): Plagiarism and How to Avoid It	p. 44
But I Didn't Know …	p. 44
It Sounds Like a Bad Word	p. 45
Quoting: More Than Just a Copy and Paste	p. 46
Paraphrasing: In Your Own Words	p. 48
An Author's License (Yours): Modifying Source Material	p. 48
But I Can Freely Use My Own Work, Right?	p. 49
How About This for a Plagiarism Awareness Exercise?	p. 49
Avoiding Biased Language	p. 50
The Fundamental Lesson: View People as Individuals First	p. 50
Specifie Recommendations for Reducing Bias: Nonsexist Language and Other Areas	p. 51
Sexual Orientation	p. 51
Racial and Ethnic Identity	p. 52
Disabilities	p. 53
Occupations	p. 53
Gender and Pronouns: With an Indefinite Recommendation	p. 54
Writing with (APA) Style: Getting Down to Business
Whodunnit (or Said It)? Citing References in Text	p. 59
A Good Rule of Thumb	p. 59
Ready, Cite, GO	p. 60
In-Text Citation Basics	p. 61
A Variation on the Theme	p. 62
What Do I Do When I Need to Cite More Than One Article in the Same Spot?	p. 63
What If I Have Two or More Articles by the same Author and Some Are the Same Year?	p. 64
What If I Have Two or More Articles by Authors With the Same Last Name?	p. 64
How Do I Cite an Article or Document From a Website?	p. 64
If I Refer to the Same Article More Than Once in the Same Paragraph Do I Cite It Every Time?	p. 65
How Do I Cite an Article That I Read About in Another Article or Book?	p. 66
How Do I Cite a Lecture, an E-Mail, or a Conversation?	p. 66
There Is a Method to the Madness	p. 67
Where in the Flow of Pages Do You Place the Method Section?	p. 67
Where Does This Information Go in the Method Section?	p. 69
Subjects/Participants Subsection	p. 69
Materials and Apparatus	p. 71
Procedure	p. 73
Formatting Your Method Section	p. 75
And the Winner Is? Writing Your Results and Associated Fun	p. 76
Let's Talk Statistics	p. 77
Basics and Beyond	p. 78
Formatting Your Results Paragraph	p. 81
Including Effect Size and Power	p. 82
Everybody Needs References	p. 83
A Helpful Note	p. 83
Creating Your Reference Section	p. 83
Using Abbreviations	p. 85
The Basics	p. 86
Basic Reference Section Formatting Rules	p. 92
Some of the Not-So-Basic Rules You Might Need	p. 93
Presenting Your Work in APA Format
The Numbers Game: How to Write Numbers (and When the Rules Change)	p. 97
When You Use Numerals	p. 98
When You Use Words	p. 99
Using Both Numerals and Words	p. 100
How to Use Decimal Points	p. 101
How Many Numbers Should Be Written After the Decimal Point?	p. 101
Additional Rules for Including Numbers in Your Paper	p. 102
Metrication	p. 102
When Do You Use Abbreviations?	p. 103
Formatting: Organizing, Headings, and Making Your Work Look Good to Print	p. 106
What Goes Where?	p. 106
What Your Paper Should Look Like	p. 107
Headings	p. 109
Spelling Matters: Spelling Rules and Capitalization	p. 111
Final Touches	p. 115
Table That Motion: The Special Challenges of Tables and Figures	p. 116
What's What	p. 116
Getting the Look Down	p. 117
A Note on ôNotesö	p. 121
Figuring It Out	p. 121
Get Legendary (and Use Captions)	p. 123
Where to Place Tables and Figures	p. 123
But I Am Doing a Literature Review: Coul0d I Use a Table or Figure?	p. 124
Don't Forget	p. 124
Make Microsoft Word 2007 Work for You: APA Formatting	p. 125
Word 2007 Tabs and Drop-Down Menus	p. 125
Setting the Margins	p. 126
Line Spacing and Spacing Between Paragraphs	p. 127
Page Headers (First Page and Subsequent Pages) and Page Numbering	p. 129
Tabs, Centering, and the Ruler	p. 132
References and the Hanging Indent	p. 134
Preparing a Table (Rows, Columns, Lines, Centering)	p. 136
Fonts and Font Variations (Italics, Bold, Superscript)	p. 138
Page Breaks, Orphans, and Widows	p. 139
Spell-Checker and Grammar Checker	p. 140
Developing Good Habits: Autosave, File Naming, File Storage, Frequent Backups	p. 141
Some Nitty-Gritty Details
Making a List, Checking It Twice: Enumeration and Seriation	p. l45
Why Bother?	p. l45
Keeping Order at the Section Level	p. 146
Order Within Paragraphs or Sentences	p. 147
On a Related Note	p. l48
The Devil Is in the Details: Abbreviations, Signs, Symbols, and Punctuation	p. 149
OMG: To Abbreviate or Not?	p. l49
Blinding You With Science and Latin	p. 150
Punctuation	p. 151
In Closing: Important Considerations
Using Rubrics: Knowing What It Means to Write a Good Paper	p. 155
Follow Rubrics When Provided	p. 155
Example Rubric	p. 156
Get It Right! Proofreading the Entire Paper	p. 158
Sample Student Paper for Practicing Proofreading	p. 163
Complete Sample of an Experimental Paper: Samples, Anyone?	p. 170
Sample Paper	p. 172
Additional Resources on Writing	p. 185
All Together Now: How to Avoid the Most Common Mistakes	p. 186
APA Style and Format Checklist	p. 187
Be Aware of Professors' Pet Peeves	p. 191
Error List for Chapter18	p. 193
APA Style and Format Checklist	p. 196
References	p. 198
Index	p. 202
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