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9780495006985

The Elements of Reasoning

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780495006985

  • ISBN10:

    049500698X

  • Edition: 5th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2006-03-24
  • Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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List Price: $121.00

Summary

Preface. Orientation. 1. Recognizing Arguments. 2. Analyzing Arguments. 3. Evaluating Arguments. 4. Some Valid Argument Forms. 5. More Valid Argument Forms: Categorical Reasoning and Venn Diagrams. 6. Causal Analysis. 7. Argument by Analogy and Models. 8. Errors in Reasoning: Fallacies. 9. Definition. 10. Vagueness and Ambiguity. 11. Reasonable Beliefs. 12. Rules for Writing. Exercises: Some Answers, Hints, and Comments. Index.

Table of Contents

Orientation 1(1)
Basic Assumptions
1(1)
Organization
2(1)
Using This Book
2(1)
Recognizing Arguments
3(15)
What Is an Argument?
3(2)
Three General Considerations
5(1)
Recognizing Arguments
6(4)
Multiple Conclusions and Complex Arguments
10(3)
Exercises
13(5)
Analyzing Arguments
18(16)
Showing the Structure of Arguments
18(4)
Strategies of Analysis
22(3)
Two Special Problems
25(3)
Analyzing a Complex Argument: An Example
28(1)
Exercises
29(5)
Evaluating Arguments
34(24)
Deductive Arguments
34(6)
Exercises
40(2)
Nondeductive Arguments
42(6)
Complex Arguments
48(2)
Exercises
50(3)
Overall Argument Evaluation
53(2)
Exercises
55(3)
Some Valid Argument Forms
58(26)
Sentential Form
58(3)
Exercises
61(1)
Valid Argument Forms
62(4)
Two Invalid Argument Forms
66(1)
Exercises
67(3)
Using the Forms to Show Validity
70(2)
Exercises
72(2)
Conditionals
74(1)
Equivalent Forms
75(3)
Exercises
78(1)
Using Inference and Equivalence Rules
79(2)
Exercises
81(3)
More Valid Argument Forms: Categorical Reasoning and Venn Diagrams
84(14)
Categorical Statements
84(5)
Exercises
89(1)
Categorical Syllogisms
90(6)
Exercises
96(2)
Causal Analysis
98(22)
Basic Causal Relationships
98(6)
Contributing Factors As ``Causes''
104(1)
Causal Explanations
105(2)
Testing Causal Claims
107(5)
Experimental Trials
112(2)
Exercises
114(6)
Argument by Analogy and Models
120(16)
Analogical Arguments
120(3)
Models
123(2)
Evaluating Analogical Reasoning
125(3)
Exercises
128(8)
Errors in Reasoning: Fallacies
136(23)
Fallacies in Supporting a Claim
136(10)
Fallacies of Criticism and Response
146(7)
Exercises
153(6)
Definition
159(15)
Definition of Definition
159(1)
Two Types of Definition
159(4)
Methods of Definition
163(4)
Standards of Definition
167(2)
Exercises
169(5)
Vagueness and Ambiguity
174(14)
Vagueness
174(5)
Ambiguity
179(4)
Exercises
183(5)
Reasonable Beliefs
188(17)
Granted Claims and Acceptable Beliefs
188(9)
New Claims, Background Beliefs, and Rationality
197(3)
Exercises
200(5)
Rules for Writing
205(10)
Structure
205(4)
Style
209(6)
Exercises: Some Answers, Hints, and Comments 215(16)
Index 231

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