The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People

by Boyer, Paul S.; Clark, Clifford E., Jr.; Kett, Joseph F.; Salisbury, Neal; Sitkoff, Harvard; Woloch, Nancy

• ISBN13: 9780618333332
• ISBN10: 0618333339
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-02-11
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Table of Contents

Special Features	xxi
Maps	xxii
Figures	xxiv
Tables	xxv
Preface	xxvii
About the Authors	xxxiii
Prologue: Enduring Vision, Enduring Land	xxxv
An Ancient Heritage	xxxvi
The Continent and Its Regions	xxxviii
The West	xxxviii
The Heartland	xli
The Atlantic Seaboard	xlii
A Legacy and a Challenge	xliv
Native Peoples of America, to 1500	1	(22)
The First Americans, c. 13,000--2500 B.C.	2	(3)
Peopling New Worlds	2	(2)
Archaic Societies	4	(1)
Cultural Diversity, c. 2500 B.C.--A.D. 1500	5	(11)
Mesoamerica and South America	5	(3)
The Southwest	8	(2)
The Eastern Woodlands	10	(4)
Nonfarming Societies	14	(2)
North American Peoples on the Eve of European Contact	16	(7)
Kinship and Gender	16	(2)
Spiritual and Social Values	18
A Place in Time Cahokia in 1200	14	(5)
Conclusion	19	(1)
Chronology, 13,000 B.C.--A.D. 1500	20	(3)
The Rise of the Atlantic World, 1400--1625	23	(30)
African and European Peoples	24	(9)
Mediterranean Crossroads	24	(1)
West Africa and Its Peoples	25	(3)
European Culture and Society	28	(3)
Religious Upheavals	31	(1)
The Reformation in England, 1533--1625	32	(1)
Europe and the Atlantic World, 1440--1600	33	(9)
Portugal and the Atlantic, 1440--1600	33	(1)
The ``New Slavery'' and Racism	34	(1)
Europeans Reach America, 1492--1541	35	(5)
Spanish Conquistadors, 1492--1536	40	(1)
The Columbian Exchange	41	(1)
Footholds in North America, 1512--1625	42	(11)
Spain's Northern Frontier, 1512--1625	43	(2)
France: Initial Failures and Canadian Success, 1541--1610	45	(1)
England and the Atlantic World, 1558--1603	46	(1)
The Beginnings of English Colonization, 1603--1625	47	(1)
New England Begins, 1614--1625	48	(1)
The Enterprising Dutch, 1609--1625	49
Technology and Culture Sugar Production in the Americas	36	(14)
Conclusion	50	(1)
Chronology, 1400--1625	50	(3)
Expansion and Diversity: The Rise of Colonial America, 1625--1700	53	(36)
The New England Way	55	(13)
A City upon a Hill, 1625--1642	55	(1)
The Pequot War, 1637	55	(1)
Dissent and Orthodoxy, 1630--1650	56	(2)
Power to the Saints, 1630--1660	58	(2)
New England Families	60	(1)
The Half-Way Covenant, 1662	61	(1)
Expansion and Native Americans, 1650--1676	62	(1)
Salem Witchcraft and the Demise of the New England Way, 1691--1693	63	(5)
Chesapeake Society	68	(7)
State and Church in Virginia	68	(1)
Maryland	69	(1)
Death, Gender, and Kinship	69	(2)
Tobacco Shapes a Region, 1630--1670	71	(1)
Bacon's Rebellion, 1675--1676	72	(2)
Slavery	74	(1)
The Spread of Slavery: The Caribbean and Carolina	75	(3)
Sugar and Slaves: The West Indies	75	(2)
Rice and Slaves: Carolina	77	(1)
The Middle Colonies	78	(4)
Precursors: New Netherland and New Sweden	78	(1)
English Conquests: New York and New Jersey	79	(1)
Quaker Pennsylvania	80	(2)
Rivals for North America: France and Spain	82	(7)
France Claims a Continent	83	(1)
New Mexico: The Pueblo Revolt	84	(2)
Florida and Texas	86
Technology and Culture Native American Baskets and Textiles in New England	64	(22)
Conclusion	86	(1)
Chronology, 1625--1700	87	(2)
The Bonds of Empire, 1660--1750	89	(34)
Rebellion and War, 1660--1713	90	(4)
Royal Centralization, 1660--1688	90	(1)
The Glorious Revolution in England and America, 1688--1689	91	(2)
A Generation of War, 1689--1713	93	(1)
Colonial Economies and Societies, 1660--1750	94	(15)
Mercantilist Empires in America	94	(2)
Immigration, Population Growth, and Diversity	96	(4)
Rural White Men and Women	100	(2)
Colonial Farmers and the Environment	102	(1)
The Urban Paradox	102	(2)
Slavery's Wages	104	(1)
The Rise of Colonial Elites	105	(4)
Competing for a Continent, 1713--1750	109	(5)
France and Native Americans	109	(1)
Native Americans and British Expansion	110	(1)
British Expansion in the South: Georgia	111	(1)
Spain's Tenacity	112	(1)
The Return of War, 1739--1748	113	(1)
Public Life in British America, 1689--1750	114	(9)
Colonial Politics	114	(2)
The Enlightenment	116	(1)
The Great Awakening	117
A Place in Time Mose, Florida 1740	106	(14)
Conclusion	120	(1)
Chronology, 1660--1750	121	(2)
Roads to Revolution, 1750--1776	123	(36)
The Triumph of the British Empire, 1750--1763	125	(3)
A Fragile Peace, 1750--1754	125	(1)
The Seven Years' War in America, 1754--1760	125	(2)
The End of French North America, 1760--1763	127	(1)
Imperial Revenues and Reorganization, 1760--1766	128	(11)
Friction Among Allies, 1760--1763	129	(4)
The Writs of Assistance, 1760--1761	133	(1)
The Sugar Act, 1764	133	(1)
The Stamp Act, 1765	134	(1)
Resisting the Stamp Act, 1765--1766	135	(2)
The Declaratory Act, 1766	137	(1)
Ideology, Religion, and Resistance	137	(2)
Resistance Resumes, 1766--1770	139	(6)
Opposing the Quartering Act, 1766--1767	139	(1)
The Townshend Duties, 1767	140	(1)
The Colonists' Reaction, 1767--1769	141	(1)
``Wilkes and Liberty,'' 1768--1770	141	(1)
Women and Colonial Resistance	142	(1)
Customs ``Racketeering,'' 1767--1768	143	(2)
The Deepening Crisis, 1770--1774	145	(4)
The Boston Massacre, 1770	145	(1)
Lord North's Partial Retreat, 1770	146	(1)
The Committees of Correspondence, 1772--1773	146	(1)
Backcountry Tensions	146	(2)
The Tea Act, 1773	148	(1)
Toward Independence, 1774--1776	149	(10)
Liberty for Black Americans	149	(1)
The Coercive Acts	150	(1)
The First Continental Congress	151	(1)
From Resistance to Rebellion	152	(1)
Common Sense	153	(1)
Declaring Independence	154
Technology and Culture Public Sanitation in Philadelphia	130	(25)
Conclusion	155	(1)
Chronology, 1750--1776	156	(3)
Securing Independence, Defining Nationhood, 1776--1788	159	(36)
The Prospects of War	160	(4)
Loyalists and Other British Sympathizers	160	(3)
The Opposing Sides	163	(1)
George Washington	164	(1)
War and Peace, 1776--1783	164	(9)
Shifting Fortunes in the North, 1776--1778	164	(3)
The War in the West, 1776--1782	167	(3)
American Victory in the South, 1778--1781	170	(2)
Peace at Last, 1781--1783	172	(1)
The Revolution and Social Change	173	(5)
Egalitarianism Among White Males	174	(1)
A Revolution for Black Americans	175	(1)
White Women in Wartime	176	(1)
Native Americans and the Revolution	177	(1)
Forging New Governments, 1776--1787	178	(7)
From Colonies to States	178	(2)
Formalizing a Confederation, 1776--1781	180	(1)
Finance, Trade, and the Economy, 1781--1786	180	(1)
The Confederation and the West, 1785--1787	181	(4)
Toward a New Constitution, 1786--1788	185	(10)
Shays's Rebellion, 1786--1787	185	(1)
The Philadelphia Convention, 1787	186	(3)
The Struggle over Ratification, 1787--1788	189
A Place in Time Boonesborough, Kentucky 1778	168	(24)
Chronology, 1766--1788	192	(1)
Conclusion	192	(3)
Launching the New Republic, 1789--1800	195	(32)
Constitutional Government Takes Shape, 1789--1796	196	(2)
Defining the Presidency	196	(1)
National Justice and the Bill of Rights	197	(1)
Hamilton and the Formulation of Federalist Policies, 1789--1794
Hamilton and his Objectives	198	(1)
Report on the Public Credit, 1790	199	(1)
Creating a National Bank, 1790--1791	200	(1)
Hamilton's Legacy	201	(1)
The Whiskey Rebellion, 1794	202	(1)
The United States on the World Stage, 1789--1796	203	(7)
Spanish Power in Western North America	203	(1)
Challenging American Expansion, 1789--1792	204	(2)
France and Factional Politics, 1793	206	(2)
Avoiding War, 1793--1796	208	(2)
The Emergence of Party Politics, 1793--1800	210	(6)
Ideological Confrontation, 1793--1794	210	(1)
The Republican Party, 1794--1796	211	(1)
The Election of 1796	212	(1)
The French Crisis, 1798--1799	213	(1)
The Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798	213	(2)
The Election of 1800	215	(1)
Economic and Social Change	216	(11)
Households and Market Production	216	(1)
White Women and the Republic	217	(4)
Native Americans in the New Republic	221	(1)
Redefining the Color Line	222
Technology and Culture Mid-Atlantic Dairy Production in the 1790s	218	(6)
Conclusion	224	(1)
Chronology, 1789--1800	225	(2)
Jeffersonianism and the Era of Good Feelings, 1801--1824	227	(28)
The Age of Jefferson	228	(7)
Jefferson and Jeffersonianism	228	(2)
Jefferson's ``Revolution''	230	(1)
Jefferson and the Judiciary	231	(1)
The Louisiana Purchase, 1803	232	(2)
The Election of 1804	234	(1)
The Lewis and Clark Expedition	234	(1)
The Gathering Storm	235	(8)
Challenges on the Home Front	235	(3)
The Suppression of American Trade and Impressment	238	(1)
The Embargo Act of 1807	239	(1)
James Madison and the Failure of Peaceable Coercion	240	(1)
Tecumseh and the Prophet	241	(1)
Congress Votes for War	242	(1)
The War of 1812	243	(4)
On to Canada	245	(1)
The British Offensive	245	(1)
The Treaty of Ghent, 1814	246	(1)
The Hartford Convention	246	(1)
The Awakening of American Nationalism	247	(8)
Madison's Nationalism and the Era of Good Feelings, 1817--1824	247	(1)
John Marshall and the Supreme Court	248	(1)
The Missouri Compromise, 1820--1821	249	(2)
Foreign Policy Under Monroe	251	(1)
The Monroe Doctrine, 1823	252
Technology and Culture Mapping America	236	(16)
Conclusion	252	(1)
Chronology, 1801--1824	253	(2)
The Transformation of American Society, 1815--1840	255	(30)
Westward Expansion	256	(6)
The Sweep West	256	(1)
Western Society and Customs	257	(1)
The Far West	258	(1)
The Federal Government and the West	259	(1)
The Removal of the Indians	259	(2)
The Agricultural Boom	261	(1)
The Growth of the Market Economy	262	(2)
The Risks of the Market Economy	262	(1)
Federal Land Policy	262	(1)
The Speculator and the Squatter	263	(1)
The Panic of 1819	264	(1)
The Transportation Revolution: Steamboats, Canals, and Railroads	264	(6)
The Growth of the Cities	269	(1)
Industrial Beginnings	270	(4)
Causes of Industrialization	271	(1)
Textile Towns in New England	271	(2)
Artisans and Workers in Mid-Atlantic Cities	273	(1)
Equality and Inequality	274	(3)
Growing Inequality: The Rich and the Poor	274	(1)
Free Blacks in the North	275	(1)
The ``Middling Classes''	276	(1)
The Revolution in Social Relationships	277	(8)
The Attack on the Professions	278	(1)
The Challenge to Family Authority	278	(1)
Wives and Husbands	279	(2)
Horizontal Allegiances and the Rise of Voluntary Associations	281
Technology and Culture Building the Erie Canal	266	(16)
Conclusion	282	(1)
Chronology, 1815--1840	282	(3)
Democratic Politics, Religious Revival, and Reform, 1824--1840	285	(32)
The Rise of Democratic Politics, 1824--1832	287	(7)
Democratic Ferment	287	(1)
The Election of 1824	287	(1)
John Quincy Adams as President	288	(1)
The Rise of Andrew Jackson	288	(1)
The Election of 1828	289	(1)
Jackson in Office	290	(1)
Nullification	291	(2)
The Bank Veto and the Election of 1832	293	(1)
The Bank Controversy and the Second Party System, 1833--1840	294	(5)
The War on the Bank	294	(1)
The Rise of Whig Opposition	295	(1)
The Election of 1836	296	(1)
The Panic of 1837	296	(1)
The Search for Solutions	297	(1)
The Election of 1840	297	(2)
The Second Party System Matures	299	(1)
The Rise of Popular Religion	299	(4)
The Second Great Awakening	299	(1)
Eastern Revivals	300	(1)
Critics of Revivals: The Unitarians	301	(1)
The Rise of Mormonism	301	(2)
The Shakers	303	(1)
The Age of Reform	303	(14)
The War on Liquor	306	(1)
Public School Reform	307	(1)
Abolition	308	(2)
Women's Rights	310	(1)
Penitentiaries and Asylums	311	(2)
Utopian Communities	313
A Place in Time The Shaker Village at Alfred, Maine 1845	304	(10)
Conclusion	314	(1)
Chronology, 1824--1840	314	(3)
Technology, Culture, and Everyday Life, 1840--1860	317	(28)
Technology and Economic Growth	318	(8)
Agricultural Advancement	318	(4)
Technology and Industrial Progress	322	(1)
The Railroad Boom	322	(3)
Rising Prosperity	325	(1)
The Quality of Life	326	(5)
Dwellings	327	(1)
Conveniences and Inconveniences	327	(1)
Disease and Health	328	(1)
Popular Health Movements	329	(1)
Phrenology	330	(1)
Democratic Pastimes	331	(3)
Newspapers	331	(1)
The Theater	332	(1)
Minstrel Shows	332	(1)
P.T. Barnum	333	(1)
The Quest for Nationality in Literature and Art	334	(11)
Roots of the American Renaissance	334	(1)
Cooper, Emerson, Thoreau, Fuller, and Whitman	335	(2)
Hawthorne, Melville, and Poe	337	(1)
Literature in the Marketplace	338	(1)
American Landscape Painting	339
Technology and Culture Guns and Gun Culture	320	(22)
Conclusion	342	(1)
Chronology, 1840--1860	342	(3)
The Old South and Slavery, 1830--1860	345	(32)
King Cotton	346	(5)
The Lure of Cotton	347	(2)
Ties Between the Lower and Upper South	349	(1)
The North and South Diverge	349	(2)
The Social Groups of the White South	351	(5)
Planters and Plantation Mistresses	352	(2)
The Small Slaveholders	354	(1)
The Yeomen	355	(1)
The People of Pine Barrens	355	(1)
Social Relations in the White South	356	(6)
Conflict and Consensus in the White South	356	(1)
Conflict over Slavery	356	(1)
The Proslavery Argument	357	(1)
Violence in the Old South	358	(1)
The Code of Honor and Dueling	359	(1)
The Southern Evangelicals and White Values	359	(3)
Life Under Slavery	362	(7)
The Maturing of the Plantation System	362	(1)
Work and Discipline of Plantation Slaves	363	(1)
The Slave Family	364	(1)
The Longevity, Diet, and Health of Slaves	365	(1)
Slaves off Plantations	366	(1)
Life on the Margin: Free Blacks in the Old South	366	(2)
Slave Resistance	368	(1)
The Emergence of African-American Culture	369	(8)
The Language of Slaves	370	(1)
African-American Religion	370	(2)
Black Music and Dance	372
A Place in Time Edgefield District, South Carolina 1860	360	(13)
Conclusion	373	(1)
Chronology, 1830--1860	374	(3)
Immigration, Expansion, and Sectional Conflict, 1840--1848	377	(30)
Newcomers and Natives	378	(6)
Expectations and Realities	378	(2)
The Germans	380	(1)
The Irish	381	(1)
Anti-Catholicism, Nativism, and Labor Protest	382	(1)
Labor Protest and Immigrant Politics	383	(1)
The West and Beyond	384	(10)
The Far West	385	(1)
Far Western Trade	386	(1)
The American Settlement of Texas to 1835	386	(1)
The Texas Revolution, 1836	387	(1)
American Settlements in California, New Mexico, and Oregon	388	(1)
The Overland Trails	388	(1)
The Politics of Expansion, 1840--1846	389	(1)
The Whig Ascendancy	390	(1)
Tyler and the Annexation of Texas	390	(1)
The Election of 1844	391	(1)
Manifest Destiny, 1845	392	(1)
Polk and Oregon	393	(1)
The Mexican-American War and Its Aftermath, 1846--1848	394	(13)
The Origins of the Mexican-American War	395	(1)
The Mexican-American War	396	(3)
The War's Effects on Sectional Conflict	399	(1)
The Wilmot Proviso	399	(1)
The Election of 1848	400	(1)
The California Gold Rush	401	(1)
Technology and Culture The Age of the Clipper Ship	402	(2)
Conclusion	404	(1)
Chronology, 1840--1848	404	(3)
From Compromise to Secession, 1850--1861	407	(30)
Compromise of 1850	408	(6)
Zachary Taylor at the Helm	409	(1)
Henry Clay Proposes a Compromise	409	(2)
Assessing the Compromise	411	(1)
Enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act	411	(1)
Uncle Tom's Cabin	412	(1)
The Election of 1852	413	(1)
The Collapse of the Second Party System, 1853--1856	414	(7)
The Kansas-Nebraska Act	414	(1)
The Surge of Free Soil	415	(1)
The Ebbing of Manifest Destiny	416	(1)
The Whigs Disintegrate, 1854--1855	417	(1)
The Rise and Fall of the Know-Nothings, 1853--1856	417	(1)
The Republican Party and the Crisis in Kansas, 1855--1856	418	(3)
The Election of 1856	421	(1)
The Crisis of the Union, 1857--1860	421	(6)
The Lecompton Constitution, 1857	422	(1)
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858	423	(2)
The Legacy of Harpers Ferry	425	(2)
The South Contemplates Secession	427	(1)
The Collapse of the Union, 1860--1861	427	(10)
The Election of 1860	428	(1)
The Movement for Secession	429	(3)
The Search for Compromise	432	(1)
The Coming of War	433
A Place in Time Charleston, South Carolina 1860	430	(3)
Conclusion	433	(1)
Chronology, 1850--1861	434	(3)
Crucible of Freedom: Civil War, 1861--1865	437	(40)
Mobilizing for War	439	(4)
Recruitment and Conscription	439	(1)
Financing the War	440	(1)
Political Leadership in Wartime	441	(2)
Securing the Union's Borders	443	(1)
In Battle, 1861--1862	443	(9)
Armies, Weapons, and Strategies	443	(3)
Stalemate in the East	446	(2)
The War in the West	448	(1)
The Soldiers' War	449	(2)
Ironclads and Cruisers: The Naval War	451	(1)
The Diplomatic War	452	(1)
Emancipation Transforms the War, 1863	452	(8)
From Confiscation to Emancipation	453	(1)
Crossing Union Lines	454	(1)
Black Soldiers in the Union Army	455	(1)
Slavery in Wartime	456	(2)
The Turning Point of 1863	458	(2)
War and Society, North and South	460	(8)
The War's Economic Impact: The North	461	(1)
The War's Economic Impact: The South	462	(1)
Dealing with Dissent	463	(3)
The Medical War	466	(1)
The War and Women's Rights	467	(1)
The Union Victorious, 1864--1865	468	(9)
The Eastern Theater in 1864	469	(1)
The Election of 1864	469	(1)
Sherman's March Through Georgia	470	(1)
Toward Appomattox	471	(2)
The Impact of the War	473
Technology and Culture The Camera and the Civil War	464	(9)
Conclusion	473	(1)
Chronology, 1861--1865	474	(3)
The Crises of Reconstruction, 1865--1877	477	(34)
Reconstruction Politics, 1865--1868	479	(9)
Lincoln's Plan	479	(1)
Presidential Reconstruction Under Johnson	480	(1)
Congress Versus Johnson	481	(1)
The Fourteenth Amendment, 1866	482	(1)
Congressional Reconstruction, 1866--1867	483	(2)
The Impeachment Crisis, 1867--1868	485	(1)
The Fifteenth Amendment and the Question of Woman Suffrage, 1869--1870	486	(2)
Reconstruction Governments	488	(4)
A New Electorate	488	(2)
Republican Rule	490	(1)
Counterattacks	490	(2)
The Impact of Emancipation	492	(8)
Confronting Freedom	492	(1)
Black Institutions	493	(3)
Land, Labor, and Sharecropping	496	(2)
Toward a Crop-Lien Economy	498	(2)
New Concerns in the North, 1868--1876	500	(4)
Grantism	500	(1)
The Liberals' Revolt	501	(1)
The Panic of 1873	502	(1)
Reconstruction and the Constitution	503	(1)
Republicans in Retreat	503	(1)
Reconstruction Abandoned, 1876--1877	504	(7)
Redeeming the South	504	(1)
The Election of 1876	505
A Place in Time Atlanta Reconstructed 1865--1877	494	(13)
Conclusion	507	(1)
Chronology, 1865--1877	508	(3)
The Transformation of the Trans-Mississippi West, 1860--1900	511	(32)
Native Americans and the Trans-Mississippi West	513	(10)
The Plains Indians	513	(1)
The Destruction of Nomadic Indian Life	514	(2)
Custer's Last Stand, 1876	516	(2)
``Saving'' the Indians	518	(1)
The Ghost Dance and the End of the Indian Resistance on the Great Plains, 1890	519	(4)
Settling the West	523	(6)
The First Transcontinental Railroad	523	(1)
Settlers and the Railroad	524	(2)
Homesteading on the Great Plains	526	(1)
New Farms, New Markets	527	(1)
Building a Society and Achieving Statehood	527	(2)
The Southwestern Frontier	529	(1)
Exploiting the Western Landscape	530	(6)
The Mining Frontier	531	(2)
Cowboys and the Cattle Frontier	533	(2)
Bonanza Farms	535	(1)
The Oklahoma Land Rush, 1889	535	(1)
The West of Life and Legend	536	(7)
The American Adam and the Dime-Novel Hero	536	(1)
Revitalizing the Frontier Legend	537	(1)
Beginning a Conservation Movement	537
A Place in Time The Phoenix Indian School 1891--1918	520	(19)
Conclusion	539	(1)
Chronology, 1860--1900	540	(3)
The Rise of Industrial America, 1865--1900	543	(32)
The Rise of Corporate America	544	(13)
The Character of Industrial Change	544	(1)
Railroad Innovations	545	(1)
Consolidating the Railroad Industry	546	(1)
Applying the Lessons of the Railroads to Steel	547	(2)
The Trust: Creating New Forms of Corporate Organization	549	(2)
The Southern Mill Economy	551	(2)
Custom-Made Products	553	(1)
Advertising and Marketing	553	(4)
Economic Growth: Costs and Benefits	557	(1)
The New South	557	(3)
Obstacles to Economic Development	558	(1)
The New South Creed and Southern Industrialization	558	(1)
The Southern Mill Economy	559	(1)
The Southern Industrial Lag	560	(1)
Factories and the Work Force	560	(5)
From Workshop to Factory	560	(1)
The Hardships of Industrial Labor	561	(1)
Immigrant Labor	562	(1)
Women and Work in Industrial America	563	(1)
Hard Work and the Gospel of Success	564	(1)
Labor Unions and Industrial Conflict	565	(10)
Organizing the Workers	566	(3)
Strikes and Labor Violence	569	(2)
Social Thinkers Probe for Alternatives	571
Technology and Culture Flush Toilets and the Invention of the Nineteenth-Century Bathroom	554	(18)
Conclusion	572	(1)
Chronology, 1865--1900	572	(3)
Immigration, Urbanization, and Everyday Life, 1860--1900	575	(34)
Everyday Life in Flux: The New American City	576	(7)
Migrants and Immigrants	577	(3)
Adjusting to an Urban Society	580	(1)
Slums and Ghettos	581	(1)
Fashionable Avenues and Suburbs	582	(1)
Middle-Class Society and Culture	583	(3)
Manners and Morals	583	(1)
The Cult of Domesticity	583	(1)
Department Stores	584	(1)
The Transformation of Higher Education	585	(1)
Working-Class Politics and Reform	586	(5)
Political Bosses and Machine Politics	587	(1)
Battling Poverty	588	(1)
New Approaches to Social Work	589	(1)
The Moral-Purity Campaign	589	(1)
The Social Gospel	590	(1)
The Settlement-House Movement	590	(1)
Working-Class Leisure in the Immigrant City	591	(5)
Streets, Saloons, and Boxing Matches	592	(1)
The Rise of Professional Sports	593	(2)
Vaudeville, Amusement Parks, and Dance Halls	595	(1)
Ragtime	596	(1)
Cultures in Conflict	596	(13)
Genteel Tradition and Its Critics	597	(4)
Modernism in Architecture and Painting	601	(1)
From Victorian Lady to New Woman	602	(1)
Public Education as an Arena of Class Conflict	603
A Place in Time New Orleans, Louisiana 1890s	598	(7)
Conclusion	605	(1)
Chronology, 1860--1900	606	(3)
Politics and Expansion in an Industrializing Age, 1877--1900	609	(32)
Party Politics in an Era of Social and Economic Upheaval, 1877--1884	610	(5)
Contested Political Visions	611	(1)
Patterns of Party Strengths	612	(1)
The Hayes White House: Virtue Restored	613	(1)
Regulating the Money Supply	613	(1)
The Spoils System	614	(1)
Civil-Service Reform Succeeds	614	(1)
Politics of Privilege, Politics of Exclusion, 1884--1892	615	(9)
1884: Cleveland Victorious	615	(1)
Tariffs and Pensions	616	(1)
1888: Big Business and the GAR Strike Back	616	(1)
The Grange Movement	617	(2)
The Alliance Movement	619	(2)
African Americans After Reconstruction	621	(3)
The 1890s: Politics in a Depression Decade	624	(3)
1892: Populists Challenge the Status Quo	624	(1)
The Panic of 1893: Capitalism in Crisis	624	(1)
The Depression of 1893--1897	625	(1)
Business Leaders Hunker Down	626	(1)
The Watershed Election of 1896	627	(2)
1894: Protest Grows Louder	627	(1)
Silver Advocates Capture the Democratic Party	627	(1)
1896: Republican Triumphant	628	(1)
Expansion Stirrings and War with Spain, 1878--1901	629	(12)
Roots of Expansionist Sentiment	630	(1)
Pacific Expansion	630	(2)
Crisis over Cuba	632	(1)
The Spanish-American War, 1898	632	(4)
Critics of Empire	636	(1)
Guerilla War in the Philippines, 1898--1902	636
Technology and Culture Photoengraving	634	(3)
Conclusion	637	(1)
Chronology, 1877--1900	638	(3)
The Progressive Era, 1900--1917	641	(36)
Progressives and Their Ideas	642	(4)
The Many Faces of Progressivism	643	(1)
Intellectuals Offer New Social Views	644	(1)
Novelists, Journalists, and Artists Spotlight Social Problems	645	(1)
State and Local Progressivism	646	(11)
Reforming the Political Process	646	(1)
Regulating Business, Protecting Workers	647	(2)
Making Cities More Livable	649	(2)
Progressivism and Social Control	651	(1)
Moral Control in the Cities	651	(1)
Battling Alcohol and Drugs	652	(1)
Immigration Restriction and Eugenics	653	(2)
Racism and Progressivism	655	(2)
Blacks, Women, and Workers Organize	657	(5)
African-American Leaders Organize Against Racism	657	(1)
Revival of the Woman-Suffrage Movement	657	(2)
Enlarging ``Woman's Sphere''	659	(1)
Workers Organize; Socialism Advances	660	(2)
National Progressivism Phase I: Roosevelt and Taft, 1901--1913	662	(8)
Roosevelt's Path to the White House	663	(1)
Labor Disputes, Trustbusting, Railroad Regulation	663	(1)
Consumer Protection and Racial Issues	664	(1)
Environmentalism Progressive Style	664	(2)
Taft in the White House, 1909--1913	666	(1)
The Four-Way Election of 1912	667	(3)
National Progressivism Phase II: Woodrow Wilson (1913--1917)	670	(7)
Tariff and Banking Reform	670	(2)
Regulating Business: Aiding Workers and Farmers	672	(1)
Progressivism and the Constitution	672	(1)
1916: Wilson Edges Out Hughes	673
A Place in Time Hetch Hetchy Valley, California 1913	668	(5)
Conclusion	673	(1)
Chronology, 1900--1917	674	(3)
Global Involvements and World War I, 1902--1920	677	(34)
Defining America's World Role, 1902--1914	678	(5)
The ``Open Door'': Competing for the China Market	679	(1)
The Panama Canal: Hardball Diplomacy	680	(1)
Roosevelt and Taft Assert U.S. Power in Latin America and Asia	680	(2)
Wilson and Latin America	682	(1)
War in Europe, 1914--1917	683	(3)
The Coming of War	683	(1)
The Perils of Neutrality	684	(2)
The United States Enters the War	686	(1)
Mobilizing at Home, Fighting in France, 1917--1918	686	(6)
Raising, Training, and Testing an Army	686	(2)
Organizing the Economy for War	688	(1)
With the American Expeditionary Force in France	689	(2)
Turning the Tide	691	(1)
Promoting the War and Suppressing Dissent	692	(6)
Advertising the War	692	(4)
Wartime Intolerance and Dissent	696	(1)
Suppressing Dissent by Law	697	(1)
Economic and Social Trends in Wartime America	698	(4)
Boom Times in Industry and Agriculture	698	(1)
Blacks Migrate Northward	698	(1)
Women in Wartime	699	(1)
Public Health Crisis: The 1918 Influenza Epidemic	700	(1)
The War and Progressivism	701	(1)
Joyous Armistice, Bitter Aftermath, 1918--1920	702	(9)
Wilson's Fourteen Points; The Armistice	702	(1)
The Versailles Peace Conference, 1919	703	(1)
The Fight over the League of Nations	704	(1)
Racism and Red Scare, 1919--1920	705	(2)
The Election of 1920	707
Technology and Culture The Phonograph, Popular Music, and Home-Front Morale in World War I	694	(14)
Conclusion	708	(1)
Chronology, 1902--1920	708	(3)
The 1920s: Coping with Change, 1920--1929	711	(32)
A New Economic Order	712	(4)
Booming Business, Ailing Agriculture	712	(2)
New Modes of Producing, Managing, and Selling	714	(1)
Women in the New Economic Era	715	(1)
Struggling Labor Unions in a Business Age	716	(1)
The Harding and Coolidge Administrations	716	(4)
Stand Pat Politics in a Decade of Change	717	(1)
Republican Policymaking in a Probusiness Era	717	(1)
Independent Internationalism	718	(1)
Progressive Stirrings, Democratic Party Divisions	719	(1)
Women and Politics in the 1920s: A Dream Deferred	719	(1)
Mass Society, Mass Culture	720	(6)
Cities, Cars, Consumer Goods	720	(2)
Soaring Energy Consumption and a Threatened Environment	722	(1)
Mass-Produced Entertainment	723	(2)
Celebrity Culture	725	(1)
Cultural Ferment and Creativity	726	(6)
The Jazz Age and the Postwar Crisis of Values	726	(4)
Alienated Writers	730	(1)
Architects, Painters, and Musicians Celebrate Modern America	730	(2)
Advances in Science and Medicine	732	(1)
A Society in Conflict	732	(5)
Immigration Restriction	732	(1)
Needed Workers/Unwelcome Aliens: Hispanic Newcomers	733	(1)
Nativism, Anti-Radicalism, and the Sacco-Vanzetti Case	733	(1)
Fundamentalism and the Scopes Trial	733	(1)
The Ku Klux Klan and the Garvey Movement	734	(2)
Prohibition: Cultures in Conflict	736	(1)
Hoover at the Helm	737	(6)
The Election of 1928	738	(1)
Herbert Hoover's Social Thought	739
A Place in Time Harlem in the Twenties	728	(12)
Conclusion	740	(1)
Chronology, 1920--1929	740	(3)
The Great Depression and the New Deal, 1929--1939	743	(38)
Crash and Depression, 1929--1932	744	(5)
Black Thursday and the Onset of the Depression	744	(3)
Hoover's Response	747	(1)
Mounting Discontent and Protest	747	(2)
The Election of 1932	749	(1)
The New Deal Takes Shape, 1933--1935	749	(7)
Roosevelt and His Circle	749	(2)
The Hundred Days	751	(2)
Failures and Controversies Plague the Early New Deal	753	(2)
1934--1935: Challenges from Right and Left	755	(1)
The New Deal Changes Course, 1935--1936	756	(6)
Expanding Federal Relief	756	(1)
Aiding Migrants, Supporting Unions, Regulating Business, Taxing the Wealthy	757	(1)
The Social Security Act of 1935; End of the Second New Deal	758	(1)
The 1936 Roosevelt Landslide and the New Democratic Coalition	758	(2)
The Environment, the West, and Indian Policy	760	(2)
The New Deal's End Stage, 1937--1939	762	(2)
FDR and the Supreme Court	762	(1)
The Roosevelt Recession	763	(1)
Final Measures; Growing Opposition	763	(1)
Social Change and Social Action in the 1930s	764	(6)
The Depression's Psychological and Social Impact	764	(2)
Industrial Workers Unionize	766	(2)
Blacks and Hispanic Americans Resist Racism and Exploitation	768	(2)
The American Cultural Scene in the 1930s	770	(11)
Avenues of Escape: Radio and the Movies	770	(1)
The Later 1930s: Opposing Fascism; Reaffirming Traditional Values	771	(4)
Streamlining and a World's Fair: Corporate America's Utopian Vision	775
Technology and Culture Sound, Color, and Animation Come to the Movies	772	(5)
Conclusion	777	(1)
Chronology, 1929--1939	778	(3)
Americans and a World in Crisis, 1933--1945	781	(34)
The United States in a Menacing World, 1933--1939	782	(4)
Nationalism and the Good Neighbor	782	(1)
The Rise of Aggressive States in Europe and Asia	783	(1)
The American Mood: No More War	784	(1)
The Gathering Storm: 1938--1939	785	(1)
America and the Jewish Refugees	785	(1)
Into the Storm, 1939--1941	786	(3)
The European War	786	(1)
From Isolation to Intervention	786	(1)
Pearl Harbor and the Coming of War	787	(2)
America Mobilizes for War	789	(6)
Organizing for Victory	789	(1)
The War Economy	790	(3)
``A Wizard War''	793	(1)
Propaganda and Politics	794	(1)
The Battlefront, 1942--1944	795	(3)
Liberating Europe	795	(2)
War in the Pacific	797	(1)
The Grand Alliance	798	(1)
War and American Society	798	(8)
The GIs' War	798	(1)
The Home Front	799	(3)
Racism and New Opportunities	802	(2)
War and Diversity	804	(1)
The Internment of Japanese Americans	805	(1)
Triumph and Tragedy, 1945	806	(9)
The Yalta Conference	806	(1)
Victory in Europe	807	(1)
The Holocaust	807	(3)
The Atomic Bombs	810
A Place in Time Honolulu, Hawaii 1941--1945	808	(4)
Conclusion	812	(1)
Chronology, 1933--1945	813	(2)
The Cold War Abroad and at Home, 1945--1952	815	(28)
The Postwar Political Setting, 1945--1946	816	(4)
Demobilization and Reconversion	816	(1)
The G.I. Bill of Rights	817	(1)
The Economic Boom Begins	818	(1)
Truman's Domestic Program	819	(1)
Anticommunism and Containment, 1946--1952	820	(10)
Polarization and Cold War	820	(1)
The Iron Curtain Descends	821	(1)
Containing Communism	821	(2)
Confrontation in Germany	823	(2)
The Cold War in Asia	825	(3)
The Korean War, 1950--1953	828	(2)
The Truman Administration at Home, 1945--1952	830	(4)
The Eightieth Congress 1947--1948	830	(1)
The Politics of Civil Rights and the Election of 1948	831	(3)
The Fair Deal	834	(1)
The Politics of Anticommunism	834	(9)
Loyalty and Security	834	(1)
The Anticommunist Crusade	835	(1)
Alger Hiss and the Rosenbergs	836	(2)
McCarthyism	838	(1)
The Election of 1952	839
A Place in Time The Atomic West 1942--1952	826	(14)
Conclusion	840	(1)
Chronology, 1945--1952	840	(3)
America at Midcentury, 1952--1960	843	(32)
The Eisenhower Presidency	844	(6)
``Dynamic Conservatism''	844	(1)
The Downfall of Joseph McCarthy	845	(3)
Jim Crow in Court	848	(1)
The Laws of the Land	849	(1)
The Cold War Continues	850	(4)
Ike and Dulles	850	(1)
CIA Covert Actions	851	(1)
The Vietnam Domino	852	(1)
Troubles in the Third World	853	(1)
The Eisenhower Legacy	853	(1)
The Affluent Society	854	(6)
The New Industrial Society	854	(1)
The Age of Computers	855	(1)
The Costs of Bigness	856	(2)
Blue-Collar Blues	858	(1)
Prosperity and the Suburbs	858	(2)
Consensus and Conservatism	860	(5)
Togetherness and the Baby Boom	860	(1)
Domesticity	861	(1)
Religion and Education	862	(1)
The Culture of the Fifties	862	(1)
The Message of the Medium	863	(1)
The TV Culture	864	(1)
The Other America	865	(4)
Poverty and Urban Blight	865	(1)
Blacks' Struggle for Justice	866	(1)
Latinos and Latinas	867	(2)
Native Americans	869	(1)
Seeds of Disquiet	869	(6)
Sputnik	869	(1)
A Different Beat	870	(1)
Portents of Change	871
Technology and Culture The Interstate Highway System	846	(26)
Conclusion	872	(1)
Chronology, 1946--1960	872	(3)
The Liberal Era, 1960--1968	875	(30)
The Kennedy Presidency, 1960--1963	876	(7)
A New Beginning	877	(1)
Kennedy's Domestic Record	878	(1)
Cold War Activism	879	(1)
To the Brink of Nuclear War	880	(1)
The Thousand-Day Presidency	881	(2)
Liberalism Ascendant, 1963--1968	883	(4)
Johnson Takes Over	883	(1)
The 1964 Election	884	(1)
Triumphant Liberalism	884	(2)
The Warren Court in the Sixties	886	(1)
The Struggle for Black Equality, 1961--1968	887	(5)
Nonviolence and Violence	887	(1)
The African-American Revolution	887	(1)
The March on Washington, 1963	888	(1)
The Civil Rights and Voting Rights Acts	889	(1)
Fire in the Streets	890	(1)
``Black Power''	891	(1)
Voices of Protest	892	(6)
Native American Activism	892	(1)
Hispanic Americans Organize	893	(1)
A Second Feminist Wave	894	(1)
Women's Liberation	895	(3)
The Liberal Crusade in Vietnam, 1961--1968	898	(7)
Kennedy and Vietnam	898	(1)
Escalation of the War	899	(1)
The Endless War	900	(1)
Doves Versus Hawks	900
Technology and Culture The Pill	896	(6)
Conclusion	902	(1)
Chronology, 1960--1968	902	(3)
A Time of Upheaval, 1968--1974	905	(30)
The Youth Movement	906	(4)
Toward a New Left	906	(1)
From Protest to Resistance	907	(1)
Kent State-Jackson State	908	(1)
Legacy of Student Frenzy	909	(1)
The Counterculture	910	(3)
Hippies and Drugs	911	(1)
Musical Revolution	911	(1)
The Sexual Revolution	912	(1)
Gay Liberation	913	(1)
1968: The Politics of Upheaval	913	(6)
The Tet Offensive in Vietnam	913	(4)
A Shaken President	917	(1)
Assassinations and Turmoil	917	(1)
Conservative Resurgence	918	(1)
Nixon and World Politics	919	(5)
Vietnamization	920	(1)
LBJ's War Becomes Nixon's War	921	(1)
America's Longest War Ends	921	(2)
Detente	923	(1)
Shuttle Diplomacy	924	(1)
Domestic Problems and Divisions	924	(5)
Richard Nixon: Man and Politician	925	(1)
The Nixon Presidency	925	(1)
A Troubled Economy	926	(1)
Law and Order	927	(1)
The Southern Strategy	928	(1)
The Crisis of the Presidency	929	(6)
The Election of 1972	929	(1)
The Watergate Upheaval	930	(1)
A President Disgraced	931
A Place in Time Haight-Ashbury	914	(17)
Conclusion	931	(1)
Chronology, 1968--1974	932	(3)
Society, Politics, and World Events from Ford to Reagan, 1974--1989	935	(30)
The Long Shadow of the 1960s: Cultural Changes and Continuities	937	(7)
The Post-1960s Mood: Personal Preoccupations; New Activist Energies	937	(1)
The Environmental Movement Gains Support	938	(1)
The Women's Movement: Gains and Uncertainties	938	(4)
Changing Patterns of Sexual Behavior; the Looming Specter of AIDS	942	(1)
Conservative Backlash and Evangelical Renaissance	943	(1)
Patterns of Social Change in Post-1960s America	944	(3)
Decline of the Family Farm	944	(1)
The Two Worlds of Black America	945	(1)
Brightening Prospects for Native Americans	946	(1)
New Patterns of Immigration	946	(1)
Years of Malaise: Post-Watergate Politics and Diplomacy, 1974--1980	947	(5)
The Caretaker Presidency of Gerald Ford, 1974--1976	947	(1)
The Outsider as Insider: President Jimmy Carter, 1977--1980	948	(2)
The Middle East: Peace Accords and Hostages	950	(1)
Troubles and Frustration at the End of Carter's Term	951	(1)
The Reagan Revolution, 1981--1984	952	(6)
Background of the Reagan Revolution	952	(1)
Reaganomics	953	(1)
Recession and Boom Times	954	(2)
Reagan Confronts the ``Evil Empire'' and Crises in the Middle East	956	(1)
Military Buildup and Antinuclear Protest	957	(1)
Reagan Reelected	958	(1)
A Sea of Problems in Reagan's Second Term, 1985--1989	958	(7)
Budget Deficits and Trade Gaps	959	(1)
The Iran-Contra Affair and Other Scandals	959	(1)
Reagan's Mission to Moscow	959	(2)
The Dangerous Middle East: Continued Tension and Terrorism	961	(1)
Assessing the Reagan Years	961
Technology and Culture The Personal Computer	940	(22)
Conclusion	962	(1)
Chronology, 1970--1989	963	(2)
Beyond the Cold War: Charting a New Course, 1988--1995	965	(28)
The Bush Years: Global Resolve, Domestic Drift, 1988--1993	967	(6)
The Election of 1988	967	(1)
The Cold War Ends	967	(2)
Operation Desert Storm	969	(1)
Home-Front Discontents: Economic, Racial, and Environmental Problems	970	(2)
The Supreme Court Moves Right	972	(1)
The Politics of Frustration	973	(1)
The Clinton Era I: Debating Domestic Policy, 1993--1997	973	(5)
Shaping a Domestic Agenda	974	(1)
1994: A Sharp Right Turn	975	(2)
Welfare Reform	977	(1)
Social and Cultural Trends in 1990s America	978	(15)
America in the 1990s: A People in Transition	979	(2)
Challenges and Opportunities in a Multiethnic Society	981	(2)
Rethinking Citizenship in an Era of Diversity	983	(1)
The ``New Economy''	983	(4)
Affluence, Conspicuous Consumption, a Search for Heroes	987	(1)
Truce in the Culture Wars?	988
A Place in Time Miami, Florida 1990s	984	(6)
Conclusion	990	(1)
Chronology, 1988--1995	990	(3)
New Century, New Challenges, 1996 to the Present	993	(1)
The Clinton Era II: Domestic Politics, Scandals, Impeachment, 1996--2000	994	(3)
Campaign 1996 and After; The Battle to Regulate Big Tobacco	994	(1)
Scandal Grips the White House	995	(1)
Impeachment	996	(1)
Clinton's Foreign Policy: Defining America's Role in a Post-Cold War World	997	(5)
The Balkans, Russia, and Eastern Europe in the Post-Soviet Era	997	(1)
Symbolic Gestures in Africa; a Modest Success in Haiti	998	(1)
The Middle East: Seeking an Elusive Peace, Combating a Wily Foe	999	(1)
Nuclear Proliferation and Terrorism: Confronting Global Security Challenges	1000	(1)
A New World Order?	1001	(1)
The Economic Boom of the 1990s	1002	(3)
Economic Upturn; Surging Stock Market	1002	(1)
An Uneven Prosperity	1003	(1)
America and the Global Economy	1004	(1)
Disputed Election; Conservative Administration, 2000--2002	1005	(7)
Election 2000: Bush Versus Gore	1005	(1)
Feuding in Florida	1006	(1)
The George W. Bush Administration: A Conservative Turn in Domestic Politics	1007	(2)
A Go-It-Alone Foreign Policy; Pursuing Missile Defense	1009	(3)
Recession Woes; Campaign Finance Battles; Environmental Debates	1012	(3)
End of the Economic Boom	1012	(1)
The Rocky Path of Campaign Finance Reform	1013	(1)
Environmental Issues Persist	1013	(2)
September 11 and Beyond	1015
America Under Attack	1015	(1)
Battling Terrorist Networks Abroad	1016	(2)
Tightening Home-Front Security	1018	(1)
Deepening Crisis in the Middle East	1018	(2)
Bankruptcies and Scandals in Corporate America	1020	(1)
Election 2002	1021	(1)
Election 2004	1022
Technology and Culture The Promise and Dilemma of Genetic Research	1010	(12)
Conclusion	1022	(1)
Chronology, 1996 to the Present	1022
Appendix	993
Documents	1	(17)
Declaration of Independence	1	(2)
Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union	3	(4)
Constitution of the United States of America	7	(11)
The American Land	18	(1)
Admission of States into the Union	18	(1)
Territorial Expansion	18	(1)
The American People	19	(4)
Population, Percentage Change, and Racial Composition	19	(1)
Population Density and Distribution	19	(1)
Changing Characteristics of the U.S. Population	20	(1)
Immigrants to the U.S.	21	(1)
Major Sources of Immigration, 1820--1998	21	(1)
The American Worker	22	(1)
The American Government	23	(7)
Presidential Elections	23	(4)
Supreme Court Justices	27	(3)
The American Economy	30
Key Economic Indicators	30	(1)
Federal Budget Outlays and Debt	31
Additional Bibliography	1	(1)
Photograph Credits	1	(1)
Index	1