Energy and Climate in the Urban Built Environment

by Santamouris, M.; Asimakopoulos, D. N.; Assimakopoulos, V. D.; Chrisomallidou, N.; Klitsikas, N.; Mangold, D.; Michel, P.

• ISBN13: 9781873936900
• ISBN10: 1873936907
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-04-01
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

The comprehensively updated and expanded new edition of this no-nonsense student and practice primer equips the contemporary architect to deal with the profession's most important challenge: designing buildings for sustainability. Brian Edwards' book pull

Table of Contents

Part 1
On the built environment-the urban influence	3	(16)
M. Santamouris
Some basic notes on the built environment	3	(3)
Urbanization and climate	6	(2)
Energy use	8	(3)
Use of materials	11	(1)
Air quality and noise	12	(2)
Future priorities	14	(1)
References	15	(4)
Climate and climate change	19	(14)
D. N. Asimakopoulos
The climate system	19	(3)
Climate change	22	(1)
Possible causes of climate change	23	(9)
References	32	(1)
Wind patterns in urban environments	33	(6)
M. Santamouris
Wind distribution in the urban environment	33	(1)
Wind speed characteristics	34	(4)
References	38	(1)
Thermal balance in the urban environment	39	(9)
M. Santamouris
Urban energy fluxes	39	(2)
The role of anthropogenic heat	41	(1)
Solar, atmospheric and terrestrial radiation	42	(3)
References	45	(3)
Heat-island effect	48	(21)
M. Santamouris
Definitions and physical principles	48	(2)
Heat-island parametric models	50	(3)
Heat-island studies in Europe	53	(1)
Heat-island studies in North America	53	(3)
Heat-island studies in other countries	56	(1)
Heat-island studies in hot Mediterranean climates	57	(9)
References	66	(3)
The canyon effect	69	(28)
M. Santamouris
The climat of urban canyons	69	(1)
Temperature distribution in urban canyons	69	(6)
Air flow in the urban canyon	75	(10)
Prediction of the air speed in canyons	85	(3)
Urban canyon models	88	(5)
References	93	(4)
The energy impact of the urban environment	97	(13)
M. Santamouris
Urban environment and the energy consumption of buildings	97	(1)
Analysis of existing data correlating urban temperatures and energy consumption	97	(7)
Natural ventilation in urban areas	104	(3)
Night ventilation in urban areas	107	(1)
References	108	(2)
Short-wave radiation	110	(27)
A. Tsangrassoulis
Solar radiation in urban areas	115	(2)
Energy balance in the urban canyon	117	(2)
Methods for the calculation of short-wave radiation	119	(2)
Daylight in urban areas	121	(4)
Sunlighting	125	(3)
Reflected sunlight and daylight	128	(3)
Methods for calculating daylight in urban areas	131	(3)
References	134	(2)
Further reading	136	(1)
Urban pollution	137	(8)
V.D. Asimakopoulos
Urban pollution	137	(2)
Air pollution in street canyons	139	(3)
Urban noise	142	(2)
References	144	(1)
The role of green spaces	145	(15)
M. Santamouris
General - physical principles	145	(3)
Evaluation of the transpiration rate from trees	148	(1)
The impact of trees and urban parks on ambient temperature and air quality	149	(5)
The impact of trees on the energy consumption of buildings	154	(2)
References	156	(4)
Appropriate materials for the urban environment	160	(22)
M. Santamouris
General and physical principles	160	(2)
Optical characteristics of materials	162	(10)
Albedo of urban areas	172	(5)
The role of materials in the energy consumption of buildings and cities	177	(1)
References	178	(4)
Applied lighting technology for urban buildings	182	(17)
P. Michel
Fundamentals of lighting	183	(1)
Vision and colour	184	(1)
Daylighting	185	(8)
Designing with daylight	193	(5)
References	198	(1)
Further reading	198	(1)
Active solar heating systems for urban areas	199	(13)
D. Mangold
Systems for solar energy supply	199	(2)
Solar technology	201	(2)
Economics	203	(2)
European overview	205	(1)
Examples of German projects	205	(5)
Future prospects	210	(1)
References	211	(1)
Indoor air quality and ventilation in the urban environment	212	(18)
P. Michel
Indoor air quality	212	(1)
Indoor pollutants and pollutant sources	213	(3)
International standards for indoor air quality	216	(2)
Reducing indoor pollutant concentration	218	(1)
Ventilation strategies	219	(1)
Natural ventilation	219	(4)
Mechanical ventilation	223	(6)
References	229	(1)
Further reading	229	(1)
Urban settlements	230	(17)
P. Michel
The site and the location	230	(3)
Urban morphologies	233	(5)
Urban dynamics	238	(4)
Building design	242	(5)
Part 2
16 Guidelines for integrating energy conservation techniques in urban buildings	247	(63)
N. Chrisomallidou
Introduction	247	(3)
Design guidelines	250	(24)
Energy conservation strategies	274	(6)
Passive solar heating strategies	280	(6)
Passive solar cooling strategies	286	(18)
Natural lighting strategies	304	(4)
References	308	(1)
Further reading	309	(1)
Examples of urban buildings	310	(89)
N. Chrisomallidou
a conventional multi-use building in Thessaloniki, Greece	315	(9)
a passive solar single house in Athens, Greece	324	(12)
a passive solar single house in Athens, Greece	336	(11)
a passive solar apartment house in Athens, Greece	347	(13)
an apartment and office building in Nice, France	360	(7)
a primary school and a gymnasium with a central solar heating plant having seasonal storage in Neckarsulm, Germany	367	(2)
a solar primary school in Neckarsulm, Germany	369	(6)
a solar gymnasium in Neckarsulm, Germany	375	(4)
References	379	(4)
Appendix
N. Klitsikas
User's manual for Polistudies, a multimedia tool for studying the energy efficiency of buildings in urban environments	383	(16)
Index	399