Engine Performance Diagnostic and Tune Up Set

by Chek Chart

• ISBN13: 9780673981028
• ISBN10: 0673981029
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Package
• Copyright: 2006-02-14
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Table of Contents

Introduction	vi
How to use this Book	vii
PART ONE --- ENGINE OPERATION AND TUNE-UP REQUIREMENTS	1	(100)
Engine Operating Principles	2	(27)
Engine Operation	2	(3)
The Four-Stroke Cycle	5	(2)
Cylinder Arrangement	7	(3)
Valve Arrangement	10	(5)
Engine Displacement and Compression Ratio	15	(2)
The Ignition System	17	(3)
Engine-Ignition Synchronization	20	(2)
Initial Timing	22	(1)
Other Engine Types	23	(5)
Review Questions	28	(1)
Engine Air-Fuel Requirements	29	(16)
Air Pressure---High and Low	29	(1)
Airflow Requirements	30	(1)
Air-Fuel Ratios	30	(2)
Introduction to Electronic Engine Controls	32	(2)
The Intake System	34	(7)
Fuel Composition	41	(3)
Review Questions	44	(1)
Engine Lubrication	45	(17)
Purposes of Motor Oil	45	(1)
Motor Oil Composition and Additives	45	(3)
Motor Oil Designations	48	(3)
Engine Oiling System and Pressure Requirements	51	(8)
Engine Lubrication Effects on Mechanical Wear	59	(1)
Review Questions	60	(2)
Cooling and Exhaust Systems	62	(23)
Cooling System Function	62	(3)
Engine Coolant	65	(3)
Cooling System Pressure	68	(1)
Cooling System Components	69	(8)
Engine Temperature Effects on Performance, Economy, and Emissions	77	(1)
The Exhaust System	77	(6)
Review Questions	83	(2)
Introduction to Emission Controls	85	(11)
Air Pollution---A Perspective	85	(1)
Major Pollutants	86	(2)
Pollution and the Automobile	88	(1)
Smog---Climatic Reaction with Air Pollutants	88	(2)
Air Pollution Legislation and Regulatory Agencies	90	(4)
Automotive Emission Controls	94	(1)
Review Questions	95	(1)
What Is a Tune-Up?	96	(5)
Tune-Up's Changing Meaning	96	(1)
Automakers' Maintenance Recommendations	97	(1)
Parts and Equipment Suppliers' Recommendations	98	(1)
Severe Service Effects on Tune-Up Requirements	98	(1)
Exhaust Emission Inspection Standards	99	(1)
Tune-Up Merchandising	99	(1)
The Total Tune-Up	100	(1)
Review Questions	100	(1)
PART TWO --- ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS	101	(120)
Battery, Cranking, and Charging Systems	102	(38)
Battery Operation and Construction	102	(12)
Charging System Operation	114	(16)
Cranking System Operation	130	(8)
Review Questions	138	(2)
Ignition Primary Circuit and Components	140	(18)
Need for High Voltage	140	(1)
High Voltage Through Induction	140	(2)
Basic Circuits and Current Flow	142	(1)
Primary Circuit Components	142	(11)
Breaker-Point Distributors	153	(4)
Review Questions	157	(1)
Ignition Secondary Circuit and Components	158	(18)
Ignition Coils	158	(8)
Distributor Cap and Rotor	166	(2)
Ignition Cables	168	(1)
Spark Plugs	169	(2)
Spark Plug Construction	171	(4)
Review Questions	175	(1)
Ignition Timing and Spark Advance Control	176	(13)
Reviewing Basic Timing and Burn Time	176	(1)
Spark Advance	176	(7)
Early Spark-Timing Emission Controls	183	(1)
Principal Spark-Timing Controls of the 1970s	184	(2)
Decline and Fall of Early Spark-Timing Controls	186	(1)
Early Electronically Controlled Timing	186	(2)
Review Questions	188	(1)
Solid-State Ignition Systems	189	(32)
Basic Solid-State Systems	189	(3)
ICM's and the Primary Circuit	192	(1)
Triggering Devices and Ignition Timing	193	(4)
Electronic Ignition Dwell, Timing, and Advance	197	(3)
Electronic Distributor-Type Ignition Systems	200	(6)
Distributorless Ignition Systems	206	(14)
Review Questions	220	(1)
PART THREE --- THE FUEL SYSTEM	221	(84)
Fuel and Air Intake System Operation	222	(35)
Tanks and Fillers	222	(4)
Fuel Lines	226	(4)
Evaporative Emission Control Systems	230	(6)
Pump Operation Overview	236	(8)
Air Intake Filtration	244	(5)
Air Intake Temperature Control	249	(6)
Review Questions	255	(2)
Basic Carburetion and Manifolding	257	(48)
Pressure Differential	257	(2)
Airflow and the Venturi Principle	259	(1)
Carburetion Operating Principles	260	(1)
Basic Carburetor Systems	261	(11)
Carburetor Types	272	(2)
Variable-Venturi (Constant Depression) Carburetors	274	(3)
Carburetor Linkage	277	(4)
Carburetor Circuit Variations and Assist Devices	281	(7)
Altitude-Compensating Carburetors	288	(3)
Feedback-Controlled Carburetors	291	(4)
Intake Manifold Principles	295	(3)
Basic Intake Manifold Types	298	(2)
Intake Manifold Heat Control	300	(3)
Review Questions	303	(2)
PART FOUR --- ELECTRONIC ENGINE MANAGEMENT	305	(128)
Principles of Electronic Control Systems	306	(29)
Basic Electrical Concepts	306	(7)
Principles of Solid-State Electronics	313	(6)
Computer Control	319	(10)
Fuel Control System Operating Modes	329	(4)
Review Questions	333	(2)
Electronic Engine Control: Sensors, Actuators, and Operation	335	(44)
Sensors	335	(14)
Actuators	349	(4)
Fuel Management Strategy, Ignition Timing, and EGR Flow	353	(4)
Levels of Electronic Engine Control	357	(4)
Engine Control System Development	361	(5)
On-Board Diagnostics Generation II (OBD-II) Systems	366	(11)
Review Questions	377	(2)
Gasoline Fuel Injection Systems and Intake Manifolding	379	(34)
Fuel Injection Operating Requirements	379	(1)
Advantages of Fuel Injection	380	(1)
Air-Fuel Mixture Control	381	(1)
Types of Fuel Injection Systems	382	(4)
Common Subsystems and Components	386	(10)
Specific Fuel Injection Systems	396	(10)
Fuel Injection Intake Manifold Systems	406	(6)
Review Questions	412	(1)
Supercharging and Turbocharging	413	(20)
Engine Compression	413	(1)
The Benefits of Air-Fuel Mixture Compression	413	(1)
Supercharging	414	(7)
Turbochargers	421	(7)
Turbocharger Controls	428	(4)
Review Questions	432	(1)
PART FIVE --- EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS	433	(51)
Variable and Flexible Fuel Systems	434	(14)
Variable or Flexible Fuel Vehicles	434	(1)
M85 and Methanol-Blended Fuels	435	(1)
Methanol and Automotive Engines	436	(1)
Common Subsystems and Components	437	(1)
General Motors VFV Fuel System	438	(6)
General Motors VFV Emission Control Systems	444	(1)
Ford Flexible Fuel (FF) System	445	(1)
Ford FF Emission Control Systems	446	(1)
Review Questions	447	(1)
Positive Crankcase Ventilation	448	(7)
Draft Tube Ventilation	448	(1)
Open PCV Systems	448	(2)
Closed PCV Systems	450	(2)
Orifice-Controlled Systems	452	(1)
Separator-Controlled Systems	453	(1)
PCV System Efficiency	454	(1)
Review Questions	454	(1)
Air Injection	455	(9)
Basic System Design and Operation	455	(6)
Air Injection and Catalytic Converters	461	(1)
Pulse-Air Injection	462	(1)
Review Questions	463	(1)
Exhaust Gas Recirculation	464	(14)
NOx Formation	464	(1)
EGR System Development	465	(7)
Computer-Controlled EGR and Pulse Width Modulation	472	(4)
Review Questions	476	(2)
Catalytic Converters	478	(6)
Reducing Emissions	478	(2)
Converter Design	480	(1)
Converter Applications	480	(2)
Converter Operation	482	(1)
On-Board Diagnostics Generation II Catalytic Converter Monitoring Strategy	482	(1)
Review Questions	483	(1)
Ase Sample Certification Exam	484	(4)
Glossary of Technical Terms	488	(9)
Index	497	(10)
Answers to Review and Ase Questions	507
Introduction	vi
How to use this Book	vii
PART ONE --- INTRODUCTION TO ENGINE TESTING AND TUNE-UP	1	(104)
Fundamentals of Testing and Tune-Up	2	(15)
Electrical Diagrams	2	(2)
Vacuum Diagrams	4	(2)
Organized Troubleshooting	6	(3)
Troubleshooting Tables and Diagnostic Approaches	9	(2)
Tune-Up Specifications	11	(1)
Sources of Specifications and Service Procedures	12	(3)
Fundamentals of a Good Tune-Up	15	(2)
Electrical, Tune-Up, and Engine Test Equipment	17	(26)
Electrical Faults	17	(1)
Simple Electrical Test Devices	18	(2)
Meters and Meter Design	20	(2)
Voltmeters	22	(4)
Ohmmeters	26	(2)
Ammeters	28	(2)
Multimeters	30	(1)
Ignition Timing Lights	31	(1)
Oscilloscopes	31	(6)
Scan Tools	37	(2)
Programmed Engine Analyzers	39	(3)
Leakdown Testers	42	(1)
Comprehensive Engine Tests	43	(27)
Safety Precautions	43	(3)
Preliminary Tune-Up Inspection	46	(1)
Test Equipment	47	(1)
Battery Capacity (Load) Test	47	(1)
Cranking System Testing	48	(2)
Power Balance Test	50	(2)
Ignition Oscilloscope Testing	52	(8)
Alternator Testing	60	(2)
The Exhaust Gas Emission Analyzer	62	(3)
Basic Five-Gas Exhaust Analysis	65	(5)
Engine Mechanical---Testing and Service	70	(16)
Manifold Vacuum Tests	70	(3)
Engine Compression Testing	73	(2)
Cylinder Leakage Test	75	(1)
Interpreting Power Balance, Compression, and Leakage Test Results	76	(1)
Valve Lifter Adjustment	77	(9)
Cooling System---Testing and Service	86	(19)
Cooling System Safety Precautions	86	(1)
Cooling System Inspection	87	(2)
Cooling System Diagnosis	89	(1)
Cooling System Testing and Repair	90	(7)
Cleaning the Cooling System	97	(2)
Cooling System Bleeding	99	(2)
Replacing Cooling System Parts	101	(4)
PART TWO --- ELECTRICAL SYSTEM---TESTING AND SERVICE	105	(122)
Battery, Cranking, and Charging System Tests	106	(26)
Battery Testing	106	(5)
Cranking System Circuit Resistance Tests	111	(4)
Charging System Tests---Specific Alternators	115	(17)
Ignition Primary Circuit---Testing and Service	132	(28)
Ignition Service Safety	132	(2)
Breaker-Point Primary Circuit Voltmeter Tests	134	(1)
Chrysler Electronic Ignition Systems	135	(7)
General Motors (Delco-Remy) Electronic Ignition Systems	142	(6)
Ford Electronic Ignition Systems	148	(2)
Ballast Resistor Test and Replacement	150	(3)
Testing Coils in Distributor-Type Ignition Systems	153	(2)
Breaker-Point Dwell Test and Adjustment	155	(4)
Electronic Primary Circuit Service	159	(1)
Ignition Secondary Circuit Testing and Service	160	(18)
Visual Inspection	160	(1)
Ohmmeter Tests	160	(2)
Ignition Cable, Distributor Cap, and Rotor Replacement	162	(6)
Spark Plug Service	168	(8)
Special Secondary Circuit Oscilloscope Tests	176	(2)
Distributor Service	178	(34)
Breaker-Point Service in the Vehicle	178	(3)
Distributor Removal	181	(3)
Breaker-Point Distributor Overhaul Procedures	184	(3)
Breaker-Point Distributor Test and Adjustment	187	(7)
Solid-State Electronic Distributor Overhaul Procedures	194	(15)
Solid-State Distributor Test and Adjustment	209	(1)
Distributor Installation	210	(1)
Static Timing	211	(1)
Ignition Timing---Test, and Adjustment	212	(15)
Ignition Timing Tests and Adjustments	212	(1)
Computer-Controlled Timing	212	(10)
Timing Tests and Adjustment with Integrated Engine Controls	222	(5)
PART THREE --- FUEL SYSTEM TESTING AND SERVICE	227	(48)
Fuel and Air Intake System Service	228	(16)
Fuel Filter Replacement	228	(4)
Evaporative Emission Control System Maintenance	232	(1)
Mechanical Fuel Pump Tests	233	(2)
Electric Fuel Pump Tests	235	(2)
Air Cleaner Service	237	(1)
Thermostatically Controlled Air Cleaner Service	238	(4)
Air Intake Throttle Body Service	242	(2)
Carburetor Adjustments on the Car	244	(31)
Using the Vehicle Emission Control Information Decal	244	(1)
Carburetor Adjustment Principles	244	(1)
Later-Model Carburetor Service Requirements and Precautions	245	(2)
Automatic Choke Adjustment	247	(9)
Float Adjustment	256	(3)
Idle Speed and Mixture Adjustments	259	(3)
Idle Mixture Adjustment	262	(4)
Variable-Venturi Carburetor Adjustments	266	(2)
Fast-Idle Adjustment	268	(1)
Deceleration Throttle Controls	269	(3)
Mixture Control Solenoid Adjustment (On-Car)	272	(1)
Throttle Position Sensor Adjustment (On-Car)	273	(1)
Idle-Speed Control Adjustment (On-Car)	274	(1)
PART FOUR --- ELECTRONIC ENGINE CONTROL MANAGEMENT	275	(62)
Electronic Engine Control System---Testing and Service	276	(33)
Troubleshooting Principles	276	(1)
Electronic System Service Precautions	277	(1)
How Self-Diagnostic Systems Use Diagnostic Trouble Codes	278	(8)
General Motors Self-Diagnostic Servicing Procedures	286	(6)
Ford Self-Diagnostic Servicing Procedures	292	(3)
Chrysler Self-Diagnostic Servicing Procedures	295	(3)
Oscilloscope Waveform Analysis	298	(4)
Exhaust Oxygen Sensor Testing and Service	302	(2)
Fuel Injector Solenoid Service	304	(1)
Throttle Position Sensor (TP) Adjustment	305	(2)
Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM) Replacement	307	(2)
Gasoline Fuel Injection---Testing and Service	309	(17)
Fuel Injection Safety	309	(1)
Electronic System Safety	310	(1)
Troubleshooting Fuel Injection Systems	310	(2)
Guidelines for Servicing Fuel Injection Components	312	(10)
Basic Fuel Injection Idle Adjustments	322	(4)
Turbocharger and Supercharger---Testing and Service	326	(11)
Turbocharger Safety	326	(1)
Why Turbochargers Fail	327	(1)
Troubleshooting a Turbocharger	328	(5)
Replacing Turbocharger Components	333	(1)
Supercharger Service and Diagnosis	334	(3)
PART FIVE --- EMISSION CONTROL---TESTING AND SERVICE	337	(29)
Positive Crankcase Ventilation System Service	338	(7)
Inspection and Testing	338	(2)
The PCV Valve	340	(2)
Orifice Flow Control System Services	342	(2)
Crankcase Ventilation Filter Service	344	(1)
Air Injection System Service	345	(10)
Air Injection System Inspection and Testing	345	(1)
Air Pump Testing and Service	346	(4)
Air Injection Valve Testing and Service	350	(4)
Air Injection Component Service	354	(1)
Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Catalytic Converter---Testing and Service	355	(11)
EGR System Testing and Service	355	(9)
Catalytic Converter Testing	364	(2)
Index	366