Engineering Drawing and Design

by David Madsen

• ISBN13: 9780827367203
• ISBN10: 0827367201
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1995-11-10
• Publisher: CENGAGE Delmar Learning

Summary

Offering complete coverage of all the elements of drafting, this second edition remains the most up-to-date compendium on engineering drawing and design available. Based on the latest ANSI/ASME standards, this encyclopedic resource spans the engineering disciplines, including fluid power, structural, civil, electrical, piping, and HVAC/sheet metal. Includes updated CADD applications. 1,400 illus.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Acknowledgments	xv
Introduction to Engineering Drawing and Design	1	(1)
The Short History of Engineering Drawing	1	(1)
Drafting Technology	2	(1)
Occupations in Architecture and Engineering Drafting Fields	2	(7)
Professional Organization	9	(1)
How to Become a Drafter	9	(1)
Drafting Occupational Levels	10	(1)
Drafting Job Opportunities	10	(1)
Drafting Salaries and Working Conditions	10	(1)
Computers in Drafting	10	(1)
The Engineering Design Process	11	(3)
Drafting Equipment, Media, and Reproduction Methods	14	(35)
Drafting Equipment	14	(1)
Drafting Furniture	14	(1)
Drafting Pencils, Leads, and Sharpeners	15	(1)
Technical Pens and Accessories	16	(1)
Erasers and Accessories	17	(1)
Drafting Instruments	18	(5)
Drafting Machines	23	(5)
Scales	28	(2)
Cleaning Drafting Equipment	30	(1)
Drafting Media	30	(3)
Papers and Films	33	(1)
Sheet Sizes, Title Blocks, and Borders	33	(6)
Diazo Reproduction	39	(1)
Safety Precautions for Diazo Printers	40	(1)
How to Properly Fold Prints	40	(2)
Photocopy Reproduction	42	(1)
Microfilm	42	(2)
Digitizing Existing Drawings	44	(1)
Optical Scanning of Existing Drawings	44	(1)
Math Application	45	(1)
Drafting Equipment Test	46	(1)
Drafting Equipment Problems	47	(1)
Math Problems	48	(1)
Introduction to Computer-Aided Design and Drafting (CADD)	49	(31)
The Engineering Design Process	49	(1)
What is CADD?	50	(1)
Developing New Skills	50	(1)
Industry and CADD	51	(1)
Computer Drafting Equipment	52	(10)
Future CADD Hardware and Software	62	(2)
CADD Materials	64	(4)
Getting Started with CADD	68	(1)
Drawing with the Computer	69	(4)
Creating and Using Symbols	73	(1)
Scaling and Scale Factors	74	(1)
Professional Perspective	75	(1)
Storing a Drawing	76	(1)
Math Application	76	(1)
Introduction to CADD Test	77	(1)
Introduction to CADD Problems	78	(1)
Math Problems	78	(2)
Sketching, Lettering, and Lines	80	(35)
The Engineering Design Process	80	(1)
Sketching	81	(1)
Tools and Materials	81	(1)
Straight Lines	81	(1)
Circular Lines	82	(1)
Measurement Lines and Proportions	83	(1)
Procedures in Sketching	84	(1)
Multiview Sketches	85	(1)
Isometric Sketches	86	(3)
Lettering	89	(1)
Single-stroke Gothic Lettering	89	(1)
Microfont Lettering	89	(1)
Other Lettering Styles	90	(2)
Lettering Legibility	92	(1)
Vertical Freehand Lettering	92	(2)
Lettering Techniques	94	(1)
Composition	94	(1)
Making Guidelines	94	(1)
Other Lettering Aids and Guideline Methods	94	(1)
Basic Lettering Considerations	94	(1)
Lettering Guide Templates	94	(1)
Mechanical Lettering Equipment	95	(1)
Machine Lettering	95	(1)
Typewriters	95	(1)
Transfer Lettering	95	(1)
CADD Replaces Manual Lettering Methods	96	(1)
Lines	96	(1)
Types of Lines	96	(8)
Pencil and Ink Line Techniques	104	(3)
Professional Perspective	107	(1)
Math Application	108	(1)
Sketching, Lettering, and Lines Test	108	(1)
Sketching, Lettering, and Lines Problems	109	(5)
Math Problems	114	(1)
Geometric Construction	115	(26)
The Engineering Design Process	115	(1)
Characteristics of Lines	116	(1)
Geometric Shapes	117	(3)
Common Geometric Constructions	120	(4)
Constructing Polygons	124	(6)
Constructing Circles and Tangencies	130	(4)
Constructing an Ellipse	134	(2)
Professional Perspective	136	(1)
Math Application	137	(1)
Geometric Construction Test	137	(1)
Geometric Construction Problems	138	(2)
Math Problems	140	(1)
Multiviews	141	(28)
The Engineering Design Process	141	(1)
Multiviews	142	(3)
View Selection	145	(3)
Projection of Circles and Arcs	148	(3)
Line Precedence	151	(1)
Third-Angle Projection	152	(1)
First-Angle Projection	153	(1)
Recommended Review	154	(1)
Layout	154	(4)
Math Application	158	(1)
Multiviews Test	158	(1)
Multiviews Problems	159	(9)
Math Problems	168	(1)
Auxiliary Views	169	(19)
The Engineering Design Process	169	(1)
Auxiliary Views	169	(3)
Plotting Curves in Auxiliary Views	172	(1)
Enlargements	173	(1)
Secondary Auxiliary Views	173	(3)
Auxiliary View Layout	176	(1)
Professional Perspective	176	(1)
Math Application	177	(1)
Auxiliary Views Test	177	(1)
Auxiliary Views Problems	178	(9)
Math Problems	187	(1)
Descriptive Geometry I	188	(24)
The Engineering Design Process	188	(1)
Descriptive Geometry Fundamentals	189	(1)
Standards of Projection	190	(1)
Projection of a Point	191	(1)
Projection of a Line	191	(2)
Classification of Lines in Space	193	(6)
Planes	199	(1)
Classification of Plane Surfaces	199	(3)
Professional Perspective	202	(1)
Math Application	203	(1)
Descriptive Geometry I Test	204	(1)
Descriptive Geometry I Problems	205	(6)
Math Problems	211	(1)
Descriptive Geometry II	212	(24)
The Engineering Design Process	212	(1)
Directions of Lines and Planes	213	(4)
True Distance Between a Point and a Line	217	(1)
True Distance Between Two Skew Lines	217	(2)
Intersection of a Line and a Plane	219	(1)
Visibility	220	(1)
Intersection of Planes	220	(1)
Dihedral Angles	221	(2)
An Introduction to Vector Geometry	223	(4)
Forces in Equilibrium	227	(1)
Professional Perspective	228	(1)
Math Application	229	(1)
Descriptive Geometry II Test	229	(1)
Descriptive Geometry II Problems	230	(6)
Manufacturing Processes	236	(30)
The Engineering Design Process	236	(1)
Manufacturing Materials	237	(3)
Manufacturing Processes	240	(5)
Machine Processes	245	(11)
Tool Design	256	(1)
Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)	257	(4)
Statistical Process Control (SPC)	261	(1)
Professional Perspective	262	(1)
Math Application	263	(1)
Manufacturing Processes Test	263	(2)
Manufacturing Processes Problems	265	(1)
Math Problems	265	(1)
Dimensioning	266	(52)
The Engineering Design Process	266	(4)
Dimensioning Systems	270	(1)
Dimensioning Rules	271	(3)
Dimensioning Fundamentals	274	(2)
Preferred Dimensioning Practices	276	(5)
Notes for Size Features	281	(3)
Location Dimensions	284	(2)
Dimension Origin	286	(1)
Dimensioning Auxiliary Views	286	(1)
General Notes	287	(2)
Tolerancing	289	(4)
Dimensions Applied to Platings and Coatings	293	(1)
Maximum and Minimum Dimensions	293	(1)
Casting Drawing and Design	293	(5)
Machined Surfaces	298	(5)
Design and Drafting of Machined Features	303	(1)
Symbols	303	(1)
Professional Perspective	303	(3)
Recommended Review	306	(1)
Math Application	306	(1)
Dimensioning Test	306	(1)
Dimensioning Problems	307	(10)
Math Problems	317	(1)
Fasteners and Springs	318	(29)
The Engineering Design Process	318	(1)
Screw-Thread Fasteners	318	(2)
Thread-Cutting Tools	320	(1)
Thread Forms	321	(1)
Thread Representations	322	(4)
Thread Notes	326	(2)
Measuring Screw Threads	328	(1)
Threaded Fasteners	328	(5)
Washers	333	(1)
Dowel Pins	333	(1)
Taper and Other Pins	333	(1)
Retaining Rings	334	(1)
Keys, Keyways, and Keyseats	334	(1)
Rivets	334	(1)
Springs	335	(4)
Recommended Review	339	(1)
Professional Perspective	339	(1)
Math Application	340	(1)
Fasteners and Springs Test	340	(1)
Fasteners and Springs Problems	341	(5)
Math Problems	346	(1)
Sections, Revolutions, and Conventional Breaks	347	(34)
The Engineering Design Process	347	(1)
Sectioning	348	(1)
Cutting-Plane Lines	348	(1)
Section Lines	349	(2)
Full Sections	351	(1)
Half Sections	351	(1)
Offset Sections	351	(1)
Aligned Sections	351	(1)
Unsectioned Features	352	(2)
Intersections in Section	354	(1)
Conventional Revolutions	354	(1)
Broken-Out Sections	354	(1)
Auxiliary Sections	354	(1)
Conventional Breaks	354	(1)
Revolved Sections	355	(1)
Removed Sections	356	(1)
Recommended Review	357	(1)
Professional Perspective	357	(1)
Math Application	358	(1)
Sectioning Test	358	(1)
Sectioning Problems	359	(21)
Math Problems	380	(1)
Geometric Tolerancing	381	(49)
The Engineering Design Process	381	(1)
General Tolerancing	382	(1)
Symbology	382	(1)
Datum Feature Symbols	383	(1)
Datum Reference Frame	383	(2)
Datum Features	385	(2)
Datum Target Symbols	387	(1)
Datum Axis	387	(3)
Feature Control Frame	390	(1)
Basic Dimensions	391	(1)
Geometric Tolerances	392	(8)
Material Condition Symbols	400	(4)
Location Tolerance	404	(4)
Datum Precedence and Material Condition	408	(1)
Position of Multiple Features	408	(2)
Composite Positional Tolerancing	410	(1)
Two Single-Segment Feature Control Frames	410	(1)
Positional Tolerance of Tabs	411	(1)
Positional Tolerance of Slotted Holes	412	(1)
Positional Tolerance of Threaded Features and Gears	412	(1)
Positional Tolerance of Counterbored Holes	412	(1)
Positional Tolerancing of Coaxial Holes	412	(1)
Positional Tolerancing of Nonparallel Holes	413	(1)
Projected Tolerance Zone	413	(2)
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing with AutoCAD	415	(1)
Virtual Condition	416	(1)
Statistical Tolerancing with Geometric Controls	416	(1)
Combination Controls	417	(1)
Professional Perspective	418	(1)
Math Application	419	(1)
Geometric Tolerancing Test	419	(2)
Geometric Tolerancing Problems	421	(8)
Math Problems	429	(1)
Mechanisms: Linkages, Cams, Gears, and Bearings	430	(42)
The Engineering Design Process	430	(2)
Mechanisms	432	(1)
Linkages	432	(1)
Linkage Symbols	432	(1)
Types of Linkages	432	(3)
Cams	435	(1)
Cam Displacement Diagrams	436	(4)
Construction of an In-Line Follower Plate Cam Profile	440	(1)
Construction of an Offset Follower Plate Cam Profile	441	(1)
Drum Cam Drawing	442	(1)
Gears	442	(2)
Gear Structure	444	(1)
Splines	445	(1)
Gear Types	445	(2)
Spur Gear Design	447	(2)
Gear Accuracy	449	(1)
Drawing Specifications and Tolerances	449	(1)
Designing and Drawing Spur Gears	450	(1)
Designing Spur Gear Trains	450	(1)
Designing and Drawing the Rack and Pinion	451	(1)
Designing and Drawing Bevel Gears	452	(1)
Designing and Drawing Worm Gears	452	(2)
Plastic Gears	454	(1)
Bearings	455	(1)
Drawing Bearing Symbls	456	(1)
Bearing Codes	457	(1)
Bearing Selection	457	(5)
Gear and Bearing Assemblies	462	(1)
Professional Perspective	463	(1)
Math Application	464	(1)
Mechanisms Test	464	(1)
Mechanisms Problems	465	(6)
Math Problems	471	(1)
Belt and Chain Drives	472	(21)
The Engineering Design Process	472	(1)
Advantages of Gear Drives	473	(1)
Advantages of Belt Drives	473	(1)
Advantages of Chain Drives	473	(1)
Belts and Belt Drives	473	(1)
Belts Types	473	(2)
Typical Belt Drive Arrangements	475	(1)
Belt Drive Selection	476	(4)
Chain Drives	480	(1)
Chain Drive Sprockets	480	(1)
Chain Classification and Types	480	(1)
Precision Chains	480	(2)
Nonprecision Chains	482	(1)
Light-Duty Chain	482	(1)
Chain Drive Arrangements	482	(1)
Roller Chain Drive Selection	483	(4)
Professional Perspective	487	(1)
Math Application	487	(1)
Belt and Chain Drives Test	488	(1)
Belt and Chain Drives Problems	488	(4)
Math Problems	492	(1)
Working Drawings	493	(52)
The Engineering Design Process	493	(1)
Detail Drawings	494	(1)
Assembly Drawings	495	(4)
Types of Assembly Drawings	499	(4)
Identification Numbers	503	(1)
Parts Lists	503	(4)
Purchase Parts	507	(1)
Engineering Changes	507	(3)
Drawing from a Prototype	510	(1)
Analysis of a Set of Working Drawings	510	(1)
Professional Perspective	511	(5)
Math Application	516	(1)
Working Drawing Test	517	(1)
Working Drawings Problems	517	(27)
Math Problems	544	(1)
Pictorial Drawings	545	(26)
The Engineering Design Process	545	(1)
Pictorial Drawings	546	(1)
Isometric Projection	547	(1)
Types of Isometric Drawings	548	(1)
Isometric Construction Techniques	549	(4)
Dimetric Pictorial Representation	553	(1)
Trimetric Pictorial Representation	553	(2)
Exploded Pictorial Drawing	555	(1)
Oblique Drawing	555	(2)
Perspective Drawing	557	(1)
One-Point Perspective	557	(2)
Two-Point Perspective	559	(1)
Three-Point Perspective	559	(2)
Circles and Curves in Perspective	561	(1)
Basic Shading Techniques	562	(1)
Layout Techniques	563	(1)
Professional Perspective	564	(1)
Math Application	564	(1)
Pictorial Drawings Test	564	(1)
Pictorial Drawings Problems	565	(5)
Math Problems	570	(1)
Welding Processes and Representations	571	(32)
The Engineering Design Process	571	(1)
Welding Processes	572	(2)
Elements of Welding Drawings	574	(11)
Welding Tests	585	(3)
Welding Specifications	588	(1)
Prequalified Welded Joints	588	(1)
Weld Design	588	(1)
Professional Perspective	589	(1)
Math Application	589	(1)
Welding Processes Test	590	(1)
Welding Processes Problems	591	(11)
Math Problems	602	(1)
Fluid Power	603	(20)
The Engineering Design Process	603	(3)
Force, Pressure, Work, Power	606	(1)
Hydraulics	606	(1)
Hydraulic Systems and Equipment	607	(4)
Fluid Power Diagrams	611	(5)
Symbol Rules	616	(1)
Pneumatics	617	(1)
Pneumatic Systems and Equipment	617	(1)
Pneumatic Diagrams	618	(2)
Professional Perspective	620	(1)
Fluid Power Test	620	(1)
Fluid Power Problems	621	(2)
Industrial Process Piping	623	(47)
The Engineering Design Process	623	(1)
Where is Industrial Piping Used?	623	(2)
What is Pipe Drafting?	625	(3)
Types of Pipe	628	(4)
Pipe Connection Methods	632	(2)
Fittings	634	(5)
Flanges	639	(2)
Valves	641	(5)
Pipe Drafting	646	(13)
Professional Perspective	659	(1)
Math Application	660	(1)
Industrial Process Piping Test	660	(2)
Industrial Process Piping Problems	662	(7)
Math Problems	669	(1)
Structural Drafting with Basic Architectural Applications	670	(55)
The Engineering Design Process	670	(1)
Line Work	671	(2)
Lettering	673	(1)
Structural Drafting Related to Construction Systems	673	(1)
Concrete Construction	673	(5)
Concrete Block Construction	678	(1)
Wood Construction	679	(8)
Steel Construction	687	(6)
Common Connection Methods	693	(2)
Components in a Set of Structural Drawings	695	(8)
Plot Plan Requirements	703	(7)
Professional Perspective	710	(1)
Math Application	711	(1)
Structural Drafting Test	711	(1)
Structural Drafting Problems	712	(12)
Math Problems	724	(1)
Civil Drafting	725	(26)
The Engineering Design Process	725	(1)
Introduction to Survey: Direction	726	(2)
Surveying	728	(2)
Plotting Traverses	730	(2)
Distance and Elevation	732	(3)
Civil Engineering Drafting	735	(2)
Beginning a Civil Engineering Drafting Project	737	(7)
Professional Perspective	744	(1)
Math Application	745	(1)
Civil Drafting Test	745	(1)
Civil Drafting Problems	746	(4)
Math Problems	750	(1)
Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)/ Sheet Metal Drafting	751	(42)
The Engineering Design Process	751	(1)
Sheet Metal Drafting	752	(1)
HVAC Systems	752	(2)
Ventilation	754	(1)
Thermostat	755	(1)
HVAC Symbols	755	(1)
HVAC Drawings	755	(5)
Sheet Metal Drafting	760	(4)
Pattern Development	764	(10)
Intersections	774	(6)
Material Bending and Chassis Layout	780	(2)
Professional Perspective	782	(1)
Math Application	782	(1)
HVAC/Sheet Metal Drafting Test	783	(1)
HVAC/Sheet Metal Drafting Problems	784	(8)
Math Problems	792	(1)
Electrical and Electronic Schematic Drafting	793	(48)
The Engineering Design Process	793	(1)
Fundamentals of Electrical Diagrams	794	(3)
Generation, Transmission, and Distribution of Electricity	797	(1)
The Electric Power Substation Design Drawings	797	(5)
Residential and Commercial Electrical Plans	802	(5)
Electronic Schematic Drafting	807	(1)
Electronic Diagrams	808	(2)
Professional Perspective	810	(8)
Printed Circuit Technology	818	(7)
Pictorial Drawings	825	(2)
Professional Perspective	827	(1)
Math Application	828	(1)
Electrical and Electronic Schematic Drafting Test	828	(2)
Electrical and Electronic Schematic Drafting Problems	830	(10)
Math Problems	840	(1)
Engineering Charts and Graphs	841	(23)
The Engineering Design Process	841	(1)
Rectilinear Charts	842	(6)
Surface Charts	848	(1)
Column Charts	849	(2)
Pie Charts	851	(1)
Polar Charts	852	(1)
Nomographs	852	(3)
Trilinear Charts	855	(1)
Flowcharts	855	(1)
Distribution Charts	855	(1)
Pictorial Charts	856	(2)
Professional Perspective	858	(1)
Math Application	859	(1)
Engineering Charts and Graphs Test	859	(1)
Engineering Charts and Graphs Problems	860	(2)
Math Problems	862	(2)
Appendix A Abbreviations	864	(3)
Appendix B Tables	867	(33)
Appendix C American National Standards of Interest to Designers, Architects, and Drafters	900	(1)
Appendix D Unified Screw Thread Variations	901	(1)
Appendix E Metric Screw Thread Variations	901	(1)
Appendix F Dimensioning and Tolerancing Symbols	902	(1)
Appendix G Designation of Welding and Allied Processes by Letters	903	(1)
Appendix H Structural Metal Shape Designations	904	(7)
Appendix I Corrosion-Resistant Flanges and Fittings	911	(2)
Appendix J Threaded Fittings and Threaded Couplings, Reducers, and Caps	913	(1)
Appendix K Valve Specifications	914	(3)
Appendix L Symbols for Pipe Fittings and Valves	917	(1)
Appendix M Spur and Helical Gear Data	918	(1)
Appendix N Math Instruction	919	(11)
Glossary	930	(7)
Index	937