Engineering Materials : Properties and Selection

by Budinski, Kenneth G.; Budinski, Michael K.

• ISBN13: 9780130305336
• ISBN10: 0130305332
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: PRENTICE HALL

Summary

For courses in Metallurgy and Materials Science.Co-authored by Kenneth G. Budinski and Michael K. Budinski, his son, with over 50 years of combined industry experience in the field, this practical, understandable introduction to engineering materials theory and industry-standard selection practices provides students with the working knowledge to (1) make an informed selection of materials for engineering applications and (2) correctly specify materials on drawings and purchasing documents. Encompassing all significant material systems metals, ceramics, plastics, and composites this text incorporates the most up-to-date information on material usage and availability, addresses the increasingly global nature of the field, and reflects the suggestions of numerous adopters of previous editions.

Table of Contents

The Structure of Materials	1	(24)
Chapter Goals	1	(1)
The Origin of Engineering Materials	2	(5)
The Periodic Table	7	(1)
Forming Engineering Materials from the Elements	8	(2)
The Solid State	10	(2)
The Nature of Metals	12	(5)
The Nature of Ceramics	17	(1)
The Nature of Polymers	18	(1)
The Nature of Composites	19	(6)
Summary	21	(1)
Critical Concepts	22	(1)
Terms You Should Remember	22	(1)
Questions	22	(1)
Case History: The Atomic State and Microelectronic Devices	23	(1)
To Dig Deeper	24	(1)
Properties of Materials	25	(42)
Chapter Goals	25	(1)
The Property Spectrum	25	(3)
Chemical Properties	28	(2)
Physical Properties	30	(3)
Mechanical Properties	33	(20)
Manufacturing Considerations	53	(6)
Property Information	59	(8)
Summary	62	(1)
Critical Concepts	62	(1)
Terms You Should Remember	63	(1)
Case History: Selection Based on Properties (medical x-ray cassette)	63	(1)
Questions	63	(1)
References for Property Data	64	(1)
To Dig Deeper	65	(2)
Tribology	67	(36)
Chapter Goals	67	(1)
Historical Studies of Friction and Wear	68	(1)
Contact Mechanics	69	(2)
Friction	71	(7)
Definition of Wear	78	(1)
Types of Erosion	78	(3)
Types of Wear	81	(9)
Bearings	90	(6)
Lubricants	96	(7)
Summary	99	(1)
Critical Concepts	100	(1)
Terms You Should Remember	101	(1)
Case History: Wear of Film Perforating Tools	101	(1)
Questions	101	(1)
To Dig Deeper	102	(1)
Principles of Polymeric Materials	103	(70)
Chapter Goals	103	(1)
Polymerization Reactions	104	(4)
Basic Types of Polymers	108	(3)
Strengthening Mechanisms	111	(15)
Polymer Families	126	(2)
Thermoplastic Commodity Plastics	128	(6)
Thermoplastic Engineering Plastics	134	(18)
Thermosetting Polymers	152	(5)
Elastomers	157	(8)
Selection of Elastomers	165	(8)
Summary	167	(2)
Critical Concepts	169	(1)
Terms You Should Remember	169	(1)
Case History: Selecting a Thermoplastic for Movie Film Cores	170	(1)
Questions	170	(1)
To Dig Deeper	171	(2)
Plastic and Polymer Composite Fabrication Processes	173	(40)
Chapter Goals	173	(1)
Thermoplastic Fabrication Processes	173	(5)
Thermoset Fabrication Processes	178	(5)
Polymer Composites	183	(12)
Composite Fabrication Techniques	195	(3)
Application of Polymer Composites	198	(6)
Process Specification	204	(2)
Recycling of Plastics	206	(7)
Summary	209	(1)
Critical Concepts	210	(1)
Terms You Should Remember	210	(1)
Case History: Making Daylight Projection Screens	210	(1)
Questions	211	(1)
To Dig Deeper	212	(1)
Selection of Plastic/Polymeric Materials	213	(62)
Chapter Goals	213	(1)
Methodology of Selection	213	(3)
Plastics for Mechanical and Structural Applications	216	(19)
Wear and Friction of Plastics	235	(13)
Plastics for Corrosion Control	248	(2)
Plastics for Electrical Applications	250	(4)
Polymer Coatings	254	(5)
Adhesives	259	(16)
Summary	270	(1)
Critical Concepts	270	(1)
Terms You Should Remember	271	(1)
Case History: Selecting a Plastic for a Camera Part	271	(1)
Questions	271	(2)
To Dig Deeper	273	(2)
Ceramics, Cermets, Glass, and Carbon Products	275	(52)
Chapter Goals	275	(1)
The Nature of Ceramics	275	(2)
How Ceramics Are Made	277	(4)
Microstructure of Ceramics	281	(4)
Properties of Ceramics	285	(4)
Concrete	289	(1)
Glasses	290	(6)
Carbon Products	296	(2)
Cemented Carbides	298	(8)
Ceramics for Structural Applications	306	(9)
Ceramics for Wear Applications	315	(1)
Ceramics for Environmental Resistance	316	(2)
Electrical Properties of Ceramics	318	(1)
Magnetic Properties of Ceramics	319	(8)
Summary	321	(2)
Critical Concepts	323	(1)
Terms You Should Remember	323	(1)
Case History: Ceramic Bearings	323	(1)
Questions	323	(1)
To Dig Deeper	324	(3)
Steel Products	327	(26)
Chapter Goals	327	(1)
Iron Ore Benefication	328	(2)
Making of Steel	330	(1)
Steel Refining	330	(10)
Converting Steel into Shapes	340	(5)
Steel Terminology	345	(2)
Steel Specifications	347	(6)
Summary	349	(1)
Critical Concepts	350	(1)
Terms You Should Remember	350	(1)
Case History: Finding a New Steel for 35-mm Photographic Film Magazines	351	(1)
Questions	351	(1)
To Dig Deeper	352	(1)
Heat Treatment of Steels	353	(50)
Chapter Goals	353	(1)
Equilibrium Diagrams	353	(5)
Morphology of Steel	358	(3)
Reasons for Heat Treating	361	(7)
Direct Hardening	368	(6)
Diffusion Treatments	374	(14)
Softening	388	(3)
Atmosphere Control	391	(3)
Cost of Heat Treating	394	(1)
Selection and Process Specification	395	(8)
Summary	398	(1)
Critical Concepts	399	(1)
Terms You Should Remember	399	(1)
Case History: Hardening of Camera Springs	400	(1)
Questions	400	(2)
To Dig Deeper	402	(1)
Carbon and Alloy Steels	403	(38)
Chapter Goals	403	(1)
Alloy Designation	404	(4)
Carbon Steels	408	(11)
Alloy Steels	419	(4)
Selection of Alloy Steels	423	(6)
High-Strength Sheet Steels	429	(1)
High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steels	430	(2)
Special Steels	432	(3)
Selection and Specification	435	(6)
Summary	437	(1)
Critical Concepts	438	(1)
Terms You Should Remember	438	(1)
Case History: Selection of a Steel for Slitter Knife Bars	438	(1)
Questions	438	(1)
To Dig Deeper	439	(2)
Tool Steels	441	(42)
Chapter Goals	441	(1)
Identification and Classification	441	(2)
Tool Steel Metallurgy	443	(7)
Chemical Composition of Tool Steels	450	(6)
Steel Properties	456	(6)
Tool Steel Selection	462	(11)
Specification of Tool Steels	473	(4)
Tool Steel Defects	477	(6)
Summary	479	(1)
Critical Concepts	480	(1)
Terms You Should Remember	480	(1)
Case History: Selection of a Material for a Rack	480	(1)
Questions	480	(1)
To Dig Deeper	481	(2)
Corrosion	483	(36)
Chapter Goals	483	(1)
The Nature of Corrosion	483	(7)
Factors Affecting Corrosion	490	(4)
Types of Corrosion	494	(10)
Determination of Corrosion Characteristics	504	(5)
Corrosion Control	509	(10)
Summary	515	(1)
Critical Concepts	516	(1)
Terms You Should Remember	516	(1)
Case History: Stress Corrosion Cracking of a Stainless Steel Pipeline	516	(1)
Questions	517	(1)
To Dig Deeper	517	(2)
Stainless Steels	519	(42)
Chapter Goals	519	(1)
Metallurgy of Stainless Steels	520	(9)
Alloy Identification	529	(3)
Physical Properties	532	(4)
Mechanical Properties	536	(2)
Fabrication	538	(8)
Corrosion Characteristics	546	(5)
Alloy Selection	551	(10)
Summary	557	(1)
Critical Concepts	558	(1)
Terms You Should Remember	558	(1)
Case History: Stainless Steel for Film Processors	558	(1)
Questions	559	(1)
To Dig Deeper	559	(2)
Cast Iron, Cast Steel, and Powder Metallurgy Materials	561	(42)
Chapter Goals	561	(1)
Casting Processes	561	(7)
Casting Design	568	(3)
Gray Iron	571	(8)
Malleable Iron	579	(2)
Ductile Iron	581	(2)
White Alloy Irons	583	(1)
Steel Castings	584	(2)
Casting Selection	586	(3)
Powder Metals	589	(9)
Process Selection	598	(5)
Summary	599	(1)
Critical Concepts	599	(1)
Terms You Should Remember	599	(1)
Case History: Conversion of a Machined Part to a Casting	600	(1)
Questions	600	(1)
To Dig Deeper	601	(2)
Copper and Its Alloys	603	(26)
Chapter Goals	603	(1)
Extraction of Copper from Ore	603	(1)
Alloy Designation System	604	(4)
Copper Products	608	(1)
Metallurgy	608	(5)
Properties	613	(1)
Heat Treatment	614	(1)
Fabrication	615	(3)
Wear Resistance	618	(4)
Corrosion	622	(3)
Alloy Selection	625	(4)
Summary	626	(1)
Critical Concepts	627	(1)
Terms You Should Remember	627	(1)
Case History: Use of Beryllium Copper for Injection Molding Cavities	627	(1)
Questions	627	(1)
To Dig Deeper	628	(1)
Aluminum and Its Alloys	629	(24)
Chapter Goals	629	(1)
General Characteristics	630	(2)
Alloy Designation	632	(1)
Aluminum Products	633	(1)
Metallurgical Characteristics	634	(2)
Heat Treatment	636	(2)
Surface Treatments	638	(3)
Corrosion	641	(2)
Alloy Selection	643	(10)
Summary	649	(1)
Critical Concepts	650	(1)
Terms You Should Remember	650	(1)
Case History: Aluminum Heat Transfer Roller	651	(1)
Questions	651	(1)
To Dig Deeper	652	(1)
Nickel, Zinc, Titanium, Magnesium, and Special Use Metals	653	(32)
Chapter Goals	653	(1)
Nickel	653	(6)
Zinc	659	(5)
Titanium	664	(5)
Magnesium	669	(3)
Refractory Metals	672	(5)
Cobalt	677	(1)
Beryllium	678	(1)
Gold	678	(1)
Silver	679	(6)
Summary	680	(1)
Critical Concepts	681	(1)
Terms You Should Remember	681	(1)
Case History: Molybdenum Molds for Glass Manufacture	682	(1)
Questions	682	(1)
To Dig Deeper	683	(2)
Surface Engineering	685	(38)
Chapter Goals	685	(2)
Cleaning	687	(1)
Mechanical Finishing of Surfaces	688	(3)
Electroplating	691	(4)
Other Metallic Platings	695	(2)
Electropolishing	697	(1)
Photoetching	698	(1)
Conversion Coatings	698	(3)
Thin-Film Coatings	701	(3)
Surface Analysis	704	(2)
Hardfacing	706	(1)
Thermal Spraying	707	(1)
High-Energy Processes	708	(2)
Diffusion Processes	710	(1)
Selective Hardening	710	(1)
Special Surface Treatments	711	(1)
Organic Coatings	711	(1)
Process Selection	712	(6)
Specifications	718	(5)
Summary	720	(1)
Critical Concepts	721	(1)
Terms You Should Remember	721	(1)
Case History: Use of a Diffusion Treatment to Extend Razor Blade Life	721	(1)
Questions	721	(1)
To Dig Deeper	722	(1)
The Selection Process	723	(28)
Chapter Goals	723	(1)
The Design Process	723	(3)
Selection Factors	726	(10)
A Materials Repertoire	736	(5)
Materials for Typical Machine Components	741	(1)
Selection Case Histories	741	(10)
Summary	747	(2)
Critical Concepts	749	(1)
Terms You Should Remember	749	(1)
Case History: Materials for Perforating Punches and Dies	749	(1)
Questions	749	(1)
To Dig Deeper	750	(1)
Failure Prevention	751	(26)
Chapter Goals	751	(1)
Preventing Wear Failures	752	(3)
Preventing Corrosion Failures	755	(5)
Preventing Mechanical Failures	760	(7)
Flaw Detection	767	(10)
Summary	772	(1)
Critical Concepts	773	(1)
Terms You Should Remember	773	(1)
Case History: Flexures for a High-Speed Mechanism	774	(1)
Questions	774	(1)
To Dig Deeper	775	(2)
Appendix 1 Listing of Selected World Wide Web Sites Relating to Engineering Materials	777	(6)
Appendix 2 Properties of Selected Engineering Materials	783	(14)
Index	797