Preface | p. ix |
Introduction and Overview | p. xi |
Acknowledgments | p. xv |
Guide to Using the Book | p. xvi |
Guide to the Companion Website | p. xviii |
List of Figures | p. xxi |
Table of Cases | p. xxiii |
Table of Statutes | p. xxxv |
Table of Statutory Instruments | p. xlv |
Table of European Legislation | p. xlvii |
Table of Abbreviations | p. xlix |
Law and Legal Study | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
The nature of law | p. 2 |
Categories of law | p. 4 |
Approaches to law and legal study | p. 16 |
Skills | p. 18 |
Rule of Law and Human Rights | p. 21 |
Introduction | p. 21 |
The rule of law | p. 21 |
The rule of law and the judiciary | p. 30 |
Human rights discourse and the rule of law | p. 43 |
The Human Rights Act 1998 | p. 44 |
Sources of Law | p. 79 |
Introduction | p. 79 |
European Union | p. 79 |
Legislation | p. 79 |
Statutory interpretation | p. 91 |
Delegated or subordinate legislation | p. 109 |
Case law | p. 115 |
Books of authority | p. 148 |
Custom | p. 148 |
Law reform | p. 150 |
The Civil Courts | p. 161 |
Introduction | p. 161 |
Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service | p. 162 |
Magistrates' courts | p. 164 |
County courts | p. 165 |
The High Court of Justice | p. 167 |
Appeals from the High Court | p. 170 |
The Court of Appeal (Civil Division) | p. 171 |
The Appeal process | p. 172 |
The Supreme Court | p. 177 |
The Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights | p. 179 |
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council | p. 179 |
The Civil Process | p. 185 |
Introduction | p. 185 |
The need for reform | p. 186 |
The new civil process | p. 189 |
Case control (CPR Part 3) | p. 194 |
Court and track allocation (CPR Part 26) | p. 200 |
Documentation and procedures | p. 203 |
Public and private hearings (CPR Part 39) | p. 210 |
Appeals (CPR Part 52) | p. 211 |
Remedies | p. 213 |
Damages | p. 213 |
Equitable remedies | p. 216 |
Costs (CPR Parts 44-48) | p. 218 |
What has the new system achieved? | p. 219 |
Enforcement of civil remedies | p. 222 |
The Criminal Courts | p. 233 |
Introduction | p. 233 |
Magistrates' courts | p. 234 |
The Crown Court | p. 245 |
Magistrates' Courts v Crown Courts | p. 248 |
Criminal appeals | p. 249 |
The Access to Justice Act 1999 - jurisdiction | p. 258 |
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council | p. 258 |
Royal Commission on Criminal Justice | p. 258 |
Criminal Cases Review Commission | p. 259 |
A miscarriage of justice | p. 261 |
Reform of the criminal courts | p. 263 |
Coroners' courts | p. 269 |
The Criminal Process: (1) The Investigation of Crime | p. 275 |
Introduction | p. 275 |
Mistrust of the system | p. 277 |
Arrest | p. 282 |
Interrogation, confession and admissibility of evidence | p. 307 |
Revised PACE codes | p. 334 |
The Criminal Justice Act 2003 amendments of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 | p. 336 |
The Criminal Process: (2) The Prosecution | p. 343 |
Introduction | p. 343 |
The Crown Prosecution Service | p. 344 |
Bail | p. 358 |
Plea bargaining | p. 368 |
The sentencing process, the separation of powers and the HRA | p. 372 |
The Judiciary | p. 397 |
Introduction | p. 397 |
The constitutional role of the judiciary | p. 397 |
Judicial offices | p. 410 |
Appointment of judiciary | p. 414 |
Training of the judiciary | p. 431 |
Retirement of judges | p. 437 |
Judicial conduct and discipline | p. 438 |
Judicial immunity from suit | p. 442 |
Magistrates | p. 443 |
Judicial Reasoning and Politics | p. 461 |
Introduction | p. 461 |
Law and logic | p. 461 |
Reasoning in general | p. 462 |
Judicial reasoning | p. 465 |
Judicial review | p. 470 |
Politics and the judiciary | p. 475 |
Politics of the judiciary | p. 483 |
The Jury | p. 497 |
Introduction | p. 497 |
The role of the jury | p. 499 |
The jury's function in trials | p. 500 |
The selection of the jury | p. 506 |
Racial bias in juries | p. 519 |
The decline of the jury trial | p. 524 |
Future jury reform | p. 533 |
Investigation of jury behaviour | p. 538 |
Conclusion | p. 545 |
Arbitration, Tribunal Adjudication and Alternative Dispute Resolution | p. 551 |
Introduction | p. 551 |
Mediation and conciliation | p. 553 |
The courts and mediation | p. 556 |
Arbitration | p. 565 |
Administrative tribunals | p. 571 |
Ombudsman | p. 584 |
Legal Services | p. 599 |
Introduction | p. 599 |
The legal profession | p. 605 |
Solicitors | p. 606 |
Barristers | p. 615 |
Professional etiquette | p. 618 |
The Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 | p. 624 |
The Funding of Legal Services | p. 637 |
Introduction | p. 637 |
Background to recent changes | p. 637 |
The legal aid scheme | p. 638 |
The legal services commission | p. 645 |
The community legal service | p. 645 |
Community legal advice centres and networks | p. 653 |
The Criminal Defence Service | p. 654 |
Public Defender Service | p. 656 |
The Magee Review 2009 | p. 657 |
The voluntary sector | p. 658 |
Conditional fee arrangements | p. 659 |
Reforms to legal aid | p. 666 |
The European Context | p. 679 |
Introduction | p. 679 |
Sources of European Union Law | p. 691 |
The institutions of the European Union | p. 693 |
The European Court of Human Rights | p. 704 |
The European Convention and the European Union | p. 716 |
General Legal Websites | p. 723 |
General Reading | p. 725 |
Index | p. 731 |
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