Environmental Aspects of Converting Cw Facilities to Peaceful Purposes

by McGuire, Raymond R.; Compton, John C.

• ISBN13: 9781402009969
• ISBN10: 1402009968
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

There is hardly any information available on the chronic effects of low doses of chemical warfare agents, but there is a growing body of data on the chronic effects of exposure to other toxic materials (PAHs, PABs and the like). One of the four main themes of the book is thus the chronic effects of extended exposure to low doses of toxic material. There is some important new work on the effects of such materials on cellular material and genes. The book's second main theme is the decontamination of CW facilities, centring on two topics: bioremediation and concrete. Both before and after decontamination, one needs to be able to analyze residual toxics at trace level - possibly even at parts per trillion or parts per quadrillion levels. Current techniques for use at these levels do not permit the identification of compounds. Neither LIDAR nor solid phase microextraction, used for air monitoring, offer this sort of sensitivity. Toxic waste has to be disposed of, and plasma arc technology and chemical oxidation are discussed as techniques to reduce toxicity to acceptable levels - if such can be specified. The eternal question in such matters, of course, is "How clean is clean enough?", and the discussion of this theme outlines two approaches: a regulatory approach and one based on quantitative risk analysis.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
R. R. McGuire
Introduction	xi
R. R. McGuire
Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Low Levels of Toxic Materials	1	(10)
S. A. Reutter
Mathematical Modeling in the Problems of Chemical and Ecological Safety	11	(10)
V. G. Gorsky
Biomonitoring of Exposure to Chemical Warfare Agents	21	(10)
D. Noort
H. P. Benschop
Medical and Biological Aspects of the Problem of Chemical Safety of the Biosphere	31	(14)
V. K. Kurochkin
Solidification/Stabilization of Adamsite and Lewisite in Cement and the Stability of Arylarsenicals in Soil	45	(22)
W. R. Cullen
Oxidative Decontamination	67	(8)
R. R. McGuire
Innovative Technology for Detoxification and Disinfection of Soils and Water Bodies	75	(6)
V. S. Polyakov
Quality Assurance and Quality Control for On-Site Analysis of Toxic Materials	81	(8)
D. J. Reutter
Rapid Screening Methods to Isolate Proliferation Related Compounds from Suspect Samples Utilizing Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) Technology	89	(20)
A. Alcaraz
B. D. Andresen
Fast Screening of Water and Organic Solution Samples for Polychlorinated Compounds: Microliquid Extraction and GC/MS	109	(6)
I. A. Revelsky
Trace Analytical Methods for the Analysis of Lewisite Residues	115	(8)
E. R. J. Wils
General Approaches to the Analysis of Arsenic Containing Warfare Agents	123	(16)
K. Thurow
Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of a CW Facility Site for Arsenic Containing Warfare Agents	139	(10)
J. F. Schneider
Mobile LIDAR for Monitoring of Gasous Atmospheric Pollutants	149	(10)
I. V. Moskalenko
Multi-Wavelength LIDAR	159	(10)
V. Yu. Baranov
Monitoring Air Quality Associated with CW Facilities	169	(12)
J. Kadlcak
V. Podborsky
Ecologically Safe Technology for Bioremediation of Soils Polluted by Toxic Chemical Substances	181	(6)
G. A. Zharikov
Direct Chemical Oxidation of Mixed or Toxic Wastes	187	(16)
J. F. Cooper
Thermal Plasma as a Novel Technique for Water Decontamination	203	(8)
N. V. Alexeev
Scientific-Engineering Foundation of Plasma-Chemical Technological Treatment of Toxic Agents (TA) and Industrial Super-Toxic Agents (ISA)	211	(12)
P. G. Rutberg
Risk Assessment within the Control Process of Major Accident Hazards	223
A. Amendola