The Environmental Case

by Layzer, Judith A.

• ISBN13: 9781568028989
• ISBN10: 1568028989
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-12-02
• Publisher: Cq Pr

Summary

The Environmental Case gives readers a unique, first-hand feel for some of the most interesting and illuminating controversies in U.S. environmental policymaking-including the disaster at Love Canal, the dispute over snowmobiles in Yellowstone National Park, and the global warming debate. Through 16 carefully constructed cases, Layzer covers the spectrum of environmental issues, from habitat conservation, air and water pollution, and overfishing to environmental justice and urban growth management. Each case elucidates various aspects of the U.S. political system but is also linked to the others by two main themes: environmental conflicts are, at heart, conflicts between advocates with fundamentally different values, and the way problems are framed in politics plays a central role in shaping how those values get translated into policies. This second edition showcases all 12 of the original cases, thoroughly revised and updated. In addition, Layzer has added four new cases: - Community activism propels the Dudley Street Neighborhood Association to fight for environmental justice and equitable redevelopment of a once-distressed area in the heart of Boston. - The use of snowmobiles in Yellowstone National Park divides environmentalists into bitterly opposing camps: those who regard parks as playgrounds and support unlimited motorized access, and those who advocate more conservative management that emphasizes protection of the park's flora, fauna, and quiet serenity. - In the tuna/dolphin and shrimp/turtle disputes, competing advocates debate whether U.S. environmental protection measures constitute non-tariff barriers to trade and, more broadly, whether trade liberalization is good for the environment. - Opponents of growth management campaign to undermine the city of Portland's strict policies curbing urban sprawl, the most stringent in the nation. Layzer provides maps, tables, figures, questions to consider, recommended readings, and useful websites to help readers think critically and actively about the issues raised in each case and facilitate further research.

Author Biography

Judith A. Layzer is assistant professor of political science at Middle-bury College. Her research focuses on U.S. environmental politics, particularly the role of science and the use of local, collaborative decision-making processes

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
1 Introduction: Defining Problems in U.S. Environmental Politics	1	(25)
Two Critical Features of U.S. Environmental Policymaking	1	(8)
Major Actors in Environmental Policymaking	9	(6)
The Environmental Policymaking Process	15	(3)
Case Selection	18	(3)
Getting the Most Out of the Cases	21	(1)
Notes	21	(4)
Recommended Reading	25	(1)
Part 1 Tackling the Issue of Pollution
2 The Nation Tackles Pollution: The Environmental Protection Agency and the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts	26	(28)
Background	27	(2)
The Case	29	(17)
Outcomes	46	(2)
Conclusions	48	(1)
Questions to Consider	49	(1)
Notes	49	(3)
Recommended Reading	52	(1)
Web Sites	53	(1)
3 Love Canal: Hazardous Waste and the Politics of Fear	54	(27)
Background	55	(2)
The Case	57	(14)
Outcomes	71	(3)
Conclusions	74	(2)
Questions to Consider	76	(1)
Notes	76	(4)
Recommended Reading	80	(1)
Web Sites	80	(1)
4 Government Secrets at Rocky Flats	81	(24)
Background	83	(3)
The Case	86	(12)
Outcomes	98	(1)
Conclusions	99	(2)
Questions to Consider	101	(1)
Notes	101	(3)
Recommended Reading	104	(1)
Web Sites	104	(1)
5 Community Activism and Environmental Justice: The Dudley Street Neighborhood Initiative	105	(25)
Background	107	(2)
The Case	109	(14)
Outcomes	123	(1)
Conclusions	124	(2)
Questions to Consider	126	(1)
Notes	126	(3)
Recommended Reading	129	(1)
Web Sites	129	(1)
Part 2 History, Changing Values, and Resource Management on Public Lands
6 Oil Versus Wilderness in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge	130	(29)
Background	131	(4)
The Case	135	(16)
Outcomes	151	(1)
Conclusions	152	(2)
Questions to Consider	154	(1)
Notes	154	(4)
Recommended Reading	158	(1)
Web Sites	158	(1)
7 Federal Grazing Policy: Some Things Never Change	159	(32)
Background	160	(6)
The Case	166	(15)
Outcomes	181	(2)
Conclusions	183	(2)
Questions to Consider	185	(1)
Notes	185	(5)
Recommended Reading	190	(1)
Web Sites	190	(1)
8 Jobs Versus the Environment: Saving the Northern Spotted Owl	191	(32)
Background	193	(2)
The Case	195	(18)
Outcomes	213	(3)
Conclusions	216	(1)
Questions to Consider	217	(1)
Notes	218	(4)
Recommended Reading	222	(1)
Web Sites	222	(1)
9 Playground or Paradise? Snowmobiles in Yellowstone National Park	223
Background	225	(3)
The Case	228	(15)
Outcomes	243	(1)
Conclusions	244	(2)
Questions to Consider	246	(1)
Notes	246	(4)
Recommended Reading	250	(1)
Web Sites	250	(1)
Part 3 Addressing Commons Problems
10 Crisis in the New England Fisheries	251	(27)
Background	252	(2)
The Case	254	(16)
Outcomes	270	(2)
Conclusions	272	(2)
Questions to Consider	274	(1)
Notes	274	(3)
Recommended Reading	277	(1)
Web Sites	277	(1)
11 Climate Change: The Challenges of International Environmental Policymaking	278	(35)
Background	280	(3)
The Case	283	(20)
Outcomes	303	(2)
Conclusions	305	(2)
Questions to Consider	307	(1)
Notes	307	(5)
Recommended Reading	312	(1)
Web Sites	312	(1)
12 Trade Versus the Environment: Dolphins, Turtles, and Global Economic Expansion	313	(33)
Background	315	(2)
The Case	317	(20)
Outcomes	337	(3)
Conclusions	340	(1)
Questions to Consider	341	(1)
Notes	341	(4)
Recommended Reading	345	(1)
Web Sites	345	(1)
Part 4 Antienvironmental Backlash and New Approaches
13 Backlash: Wise Use, Property Rights, and the Antienvironmental Movement	346	(29)
Background	348	(4)
The Case	352	(13)
Outcomes	365	(3)
Conclusions	368	(1)
Questions to Consider	369	(1)
Notes	370	(4)
Recommended Reading	374	(1)
Web Sites	374	(1)
14 Market-Based Solutions: Acid Rain and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990	375	(29)
Background	376	(2)
The Case	378	(14)
Outcomes	392	(5)
Conclusions	397	(1)
Questions to Consider	398	(1)
Notes	399	(4)
Recommended Reading	403	(1)
Web Sites	403	(1)
15 Ecosystem-Based Solutions: Restoring the Florida Everglades	404	(32)
Background	406	(4)
The Case	410	(16)
Outcomes	426	(2)
Conclusions	428	(2)
Questions to Consider	430	(1)
Notes	431	(4)
Recommended Reading	435	(1)
Web Sites	435	(1)
16 Local, Collaborative Problem Solving: Using Habitat Conservation Plans to Save Southern California's Endangered Landscape	436	(30)
Background	437	(3)
The Case	440	(16)
Outcomes	456	(2)
Conclusions	458	(2)
Questions to Consider	460	(1)
Notes	460	(5)
Recommended Reading	465	(1)
Web Sites	465	(1)
17 Making Tradeoffs: Urban Sprawl and the Evolving System of Growth Management in Portland, Oregon	466	(25)
Background	469	(2)
The Case	471	(13)
Outcomes	484	(1)
Conclusions	485	(2)
Questions to Consider	487	(1)
Notes	487	(3)
Recommended Reading	490	(1)
Web Sites	490	(1)
18 Conclusions: Politics, Values, and Environmental Policy Change	491	(8)
The Strength of the Status Quo	491	(1)
Legislative Policy Change	492	(5)
Administrative Policy Change	497	(2)
Acknowledging the Role of Values	499	(1)
Notes	500	(1)
Index	501	(28)
About the Author	529