Environmental Ion Exchange: Principles and Design

by Wachinski; Anthony M.

• ISBN13: 9780873719568
• ISBN10: 0873719565
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1997-02-07
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Ion exchange is one of the most widely used scientific technologies in the world today, with applications in chemistry, biochemistry, manufacturing, soil-water interactions, medicine, and industrial and municipal water treatment, to name just a few. This new book, designed to become the "Ion Exchange Bible", contains just about everything you can imagine on ion exchange design and use. Together, the authors hold nine patents related to ion exchange.An ion is a subatomic particle that helps determine the properties of a substance. When ions are exchanged, the properties of that substance also change. For example, ion exchange can be used to turn sea water into drinking water by removing magnesium sulfate.-- A one-stop resource of ion exchange-related applications and knowledge-- Tables, graphs, conversion tables -- information is easy to find and calculations are made simpler-- Design examples -- take you through the complete design process-- Coverage of common as well as unconventional applications-- Process flow diagrams of the basic ion exchange treatment help you solve most ion exchange problems-- Reviews of chemistry, lime-soda softening, and fundamental hydraulics refresh your knowledge

Table of Contents

Preface
Introduction and Historical Perspective	1	(2)
Chapter 1 Basic Concepts from Genral Chemistry and Fundamental Hydraulics	3	(12)
Basic Chemistry Review	3	(6)
Terminology	3	(2)
Nomenclature	5	(1)
Grades of Chemicals	6	(1)
Dilutions	6	(1)
Lab Analysis	6	(1)
pH	7	(1)
Acidity	8	(1)
Alkalinity	8	(1)
Basic Hydraulics Review	9	(4)
Terminology	9	(1)
Turbine	10	(1)
Equations	10	(3)
References	13	(1)
Suggested Reading	13	(2)
Chapter 2 Cold Process Lime-Soda Softening	15	(12)
Hardness	15	(1)
Softening	15	(1)
Basic Principles	16	(1)
Bar Charts	17	(1)
Example Problem and Solution	18	(2)
Process Equations	20	(2)
Example Problem and Solution	22	(3)
References	25	(2)
Chapter 3 Fundamental Principles and Concepts of Ion Exchange	27	(50)
Introduction	27	(1)
Basics	27	(3)
Batch/Columnar Operation	28	(1)
Basic columnar Operation	28	(2)
Natural Ion Ewchangers	30	(1)
Synthetic Ion Exchangers	31	(8)
Synthetic Cation Excnagers	31	(5)
Synthetic Anion Exchangers	31	(5)
Selectivity	39	(4)
Order of Selectivity	39	(4)
Selectivity Determination	43	(1)
Resin Structure	43	(1)
Capacity	43	(1)
Paricle Size	46	(2)
Process Description	48	(4)
Backwash	48	(1)
Regeneration	48	(3)
Rinse	51	(1)
Service	51	(1)
Example Problems and Solutions	52	(24)
References	76	(1)
Chapter 4 Laboratory-Scale Testing of Ion Exchange	77	(12)
Introduction	77	(1)
Columns	78	(1)
Reservoirs	78	(1)
Column Operations	78	(10)
Flow Rates	79	(2)
Resin Conditioning	81	(2)
Cautions	83	(1)
Charging	84	(1)
Backwashing	84	(2)
Regeneration	86	(2)
References	88	(1)
Chapter 5 Ion Exchange Applications and Design	89	(22)
The Basic Flow Sheets	89	(1)
Demineralization	90	(2)
Flow Scheme Configurations	90	(1)
Silica Removal	90	(1)
Degasification	90	(1)
Heavy Raw Water Composition	91	(1)
Plant Size	92	(1)
Cost of Regenerants	92	(1)
Effluent Water Composition	92	(1)
Flow Schemes	92	(7)
Alkalinity Reduction Flow Schemes	98	(1)
Design	99	(2)
Example Problem and Solution	101	(7)
Industrial Flow Schemes	108	(1)
Nickel Removal	108	(1)
Chromium Removal	109	(1)
Ion Exchange as a Chemical Feeder	110	(1)
References	110	(1)
Appendix: Tables and Conversion Factors	112	(20)
Index	131